Digital Commons Network^™

Can Bilateralism Endure? The 2023-25 Gaza War And The Abraham Accords Framework, Eli Sperling, Elizabeth Trumpfheller

Journal of Strategic Security

The Abraham Accords, signed in 2020, marked a significant shift in Middle Eastern geopolitics by normalizing relations between Israel and several Arab states: the UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco. These agreements emphasized novel types of Arab-Israeli economic partnerships, security cooperation, and public diplomacy, representing a shift from earlier Israeli peace deals with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994), which did not see significant growth in the states’ bilateral cooperation and coordination, particularly in non-security areas. And despite the unprecedented October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and the ensuing Gaza and Lebanon wars, which intensified regional tensions and sparked widespread anti-Israel protests, the …

Black Widow And Black Tigress: Understanding The Female Suicide Attackers From Russia And Sri Lanka, Jithin Raveendran

Journal of Strategic Security

The phenomenon of female suicide attackers has introduced a new dimension to the landscape of terrorism, challenging traditional perceptions of gender roles and motivations within extremist activities. This article delves into the complex biographies of female suicide attackers in two different geopolitical settings: Sri Lanka and Russia. Women have been prominently involved in suicide attacks in Russia, in which it is closely related to Chechen conflict and during the Tamil insurgency for establishing independent state, Sri Lanka has also seen instances of female suicide attackers. To understand why some women are drawn into these acts of violence, it is essential …

The Paradox Of Federal Oversight In Police Misconduct Investigations, Ilana M. Friedman

Denver Law Review

This Article examines the relationship between state prosecutors, federal prosecutors, and the Civil Rights Division inside the United States Department of Justice in conducting police misconduct investigations and prosecutions. While previous literature documents prosecutors’ enormous concentration of power, they remain an understudied population in the criminal legal system, particularly in how they investigate and prosecute police officers accused of crimes. To remedy this gap, I conducted over fifty interviews with prosecutors, civilian investigators, and other legal professionals working in the domain of police misconduct investigations and prosecutions in multiple field sites around the United States. This Article is one of …

The Protection Illusion: Sexual Harassment Policies And Low-Wage Workers, Sherley Cruz

Denver Law Review

“To be heard as complaining is not to be heard. To hear someone as complaining is an effective way of dismissing someone. You do not have to listen to the content of what she is saying if she is just complaining . . . .” –Sara Ahmed, Complaint! This Article reveals how workplace sexual harassment policies may appear legally compliant but actually create significant barriers to reporting. The non-reporting of harassment eviscerates the protections the policies are supposed to provide employees by creating a loophole for employers to escape liability. A critical review of these policies under procedural and testimonial …

Freshman Comp Ii Eng 24xx, Joao M. Da Silva

Open Educational Resources

This course uses a memoir to elicit themes related to addiction, family and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, it invites students to develop their own voices as they engage with academic discourse in the disciplines of psychology and addiction studies.

The Complexity Of Long-Distance Dependencies And Their Impact On Language Models, Abhijit Shrikant Mahalunkar

Doctoral

Sequential data modeling is an important challenge in various fields and in particular in natural language processing. Building effective sequential models faces a notable challenge in the form of Long-Distance Dependencies (LDDs) within the sequence data. Hence, successfully overcoming this challenge is imperative for developing robust and accurate sequential models across various domains and applications. To tackle this challenge, the first step is to conduct a detailed analysis of the complexity of LDDs observed in various sequence datasets. This thesis offers a thorough exploration and documentation of this analysis. An important finding from this thesis is the consistent patterns of …

Part 3: Mathematical Thinking And Rigor, First Steps, Luis Moreno-Armella, Corey Brady

The Mathematics Enthusiast

Agustín thus sought to abandon the unsafe use of inductive methods in algebra, as Leonardo had employed them, and to rather recover Euclid's ideal that is crystallized in the Elements of Geometry. Nevertheless, his idea of a limit is grounded in the dynamism of motion or a process: It is an embodied idea. From here, a conceptual exploration of functions and their possible properties begins. The effort of conceptual reorganization that Agustín undertakes is remarkable, and it prepares the ground for the in-depth research suggested by his work. With this arose a tangible need need to review the forms of …

David Tall And Advanced Mathematical Thinking, Keith Weber

The Mathematics Enthusiast

I discuss David Tall’s influence on advanced mathematical thinking.

Rethinking Equality In Mathematics Education With Category Theory, Kelly Paton

The Mathematics Enthusiast

To provide an alternative to the flattening operations of equality, which are prevalent not only in mathematics but also in our everyday world, I introduce the relational structures of category theory and their more nuanced notions of equivalence. Instead of defaulting to a binary assignation of equal or not-equal, equivalence posits that contextual relationships are integral to how we conceive of ‘same’ and ‘different’. I draw upon the ideas of philosophers who work against the erasure of diversity and offer ways to uphold difference while searching for commonalities. As I trace the sociopolitical implications of embracing an ontological framework built …

Update On Novel, Validly Published, And Included Bacterial Taxa Derived From Nondomestic Animals And Taxonomic Revisions Published In 2024, Claire R. Burbick, Sara D. Lawhon, Trinity Krueger, Elena Ruiz-Reyes, Mallory Lenmark, Ayden Wisney-Leonard, Erik Munson

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Description of new and revised taxa originating from non-domestic animal species continues to be pursued. The majority are bacteria isolated from the alimentary system of a variety of healthy wildlife, adding to our understanding of microbial flora present in the normal state. A few new and revised taxa are associated with disease, including a novel Erysipelothrix species associated with sepsis in albatross and a revised species, Allocoenonia anatina comb. nov., associated with Riemerella anatipestifera-like disease in ducks and geese. Representative bacteria from genera that are additionally under study for the remediation of pollutants and bacteria that are related to …

2025 Fall - Clihhr Newsletter, Cardozo Law Institute In Holocaust And Human Rights (Clihhr)

CLIHHR Newsletters

This Fall 2025 issue of the CLIHHR Newsletter highlights the Cardozo Law Institute in Holocaust and Human Rights’ continued work in advocacy, research, and education. It features the Institute’s landmark report on Indigenous land rights in the Brazilian Amazon, major events including the 2025 Lemkin Award Ceremony, faculty and student achievements, alumni spotlights, and engagement with international human rights mechanisms. The newsletter reflects CLIHHR’s ongoing commitment to supporting marginalized communities and advancing human rights and atrocity prevention efforts.

The Paradox Of The Person As A Natural Sign Of God, Chad Engelland

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Dipl 6005 Public International Law, Philip Moremen Phd

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course explores the nature and content of the law governing relations between states and relations between states, individuals, and other non-state actors. The first part of the course examines the building blocks of international law; the second part applies this framework to particular topics, such as the use of force, human rights, and humanitarian law. No prior knowledge of law is necessary. By the end of the course, students will possess an understanding of the operation of the international legal system and the role of international law in relations between states. Students will also gain an introduction to legal …

Dipl 6155 Wb Advanced Economic Aspects Of International Relations, Omer Gokcekus Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

The main premise of graduate level work is change. Change requires openness to new ideas. It also requires willingness to abandon old ones. In order to be successful in this course, you should be willing to unlearn and rethink many of the perceptions you might have about international economics or globalization: You already know a great deal, taught by politicians, media, roommates, friends, and relatives. Most of these are either incomplete or simply wrong!

Accordingly, to better understand the economic aspects of international relations, we will review the economic issues generated by globalization by emphasizing facts as well as theories. …

Dipl 6000 Na/Wb Introduction To International Relations Theory And Diplomacy, Brian K. Muzas Phd

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course introduces students to the major theoretical traditions of international relations and diplomacy, with particular attention to how these theories help us understand contemporary challenges including cyber warfare, artificial intelligence, technological disruption, and ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Asia. We will begin with a critical investigation of the competing assumptions and concepts that form the heart of various theoretical approaches to the study of world politics. As a class we will grapple with the key actors, processes, and variables highlighted by each theory, and assess their relative strengths and weaknesses in explaining both traditional interstate relations …

Dipl 4170 Aa/Na Topics In Economic Development, Omer Gokcekus Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course will provide students with an in-depth analysis of five aspects of economic development that are central in today’s world. To make sure that students gain the most relevant experiences, we will focus on the issues that international financial institutions—the World Bank & IMF—and the UNDP have been working on during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we will analyze the following 5 aspects of economic development: 1) poverty; 2) gender equality; 3) education; 4) corruption and 5) food security. Students will conduct background reading on assigned scholarly articles in order to gain contextual knowledge on these topics. We will subsequently …

Dipl 1711 Ab Introduction To International Relations, Brendan J. Balestrieri Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course aims to familiarize students with the foundational literature and theoretical frameworks that underpin the field of International Relations. We will integrate these elements by examining contemporary issues and significant historical events through the perspective of IR theory. The course starts with a basic historical review of International Relations study, progressing to the practical use of these theories to understand and interpret major occurrences in global politics.

By the end of this course, you will have:

- Obtained a working knowledge of the “big three” theoretical approaches to international relations and their constituent theories as well as the ability …

Introduction To Critical Conversation In Canadian Public Law, Joshua Sealy-Harrington, Karen Drake, Kyle Kirkup, Anne Levesque, Jena Mcgill

Articles & Book Chapters

The introductory chapter to Critical Conversations in Canadian Public Law situates the book "in the midst of some of the most significant social, economic, and political struggles of the past decade", from the COVID-19 pandemic to the Gaza genocide. The introduction describes how the book "seeks to reflect and ignite critical conversations about the centrality of public law and its institutions, broadly defined and deeply contested, to the (re)production of current inequities." It outlines two ways in which the collection is "critical": first, the critical legal methods employed by the contributors (e.g., acknowledging law's political operation, understanding law's relationship with …

The Persistence Of The Unconstitutional Status/Use Distinction In Federal Grants To Religious Nonprofits, Nicole Stelle Garnett, Cameron Grinnell

Books

Manhattan Institute Memo

Menopause Factors And Alterations In Gut Microbiota And Insulin Homeostasis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The Microbiome And Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (Miles), Vincent J Maffei, Alain G Bertoni, Alexis C Wood, Jerome I Rotter, Osa Crago, Yii-Der I Chen, Joseph F Petrosino, Kristi L Hoffman, Mark O Goodarzi, Elizabeth T Jensen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aim: To assess the risk for impaired insulin homeostasis as a function of menopause-related factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis in non-diabetic, post-menopausal women.

Materials and methods: Baseline data (n = 175 women) from the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES) were used, including insulin and dysglycaemia indices calculated from a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, untargeted peripheral metabolomics, targeted peripheral short chain fatty-acid levels and faecal bacterial microbiota surveyed by whole-metagenomic sequencing.

Results: After adjustment for covariates, menopause age < 50 years and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were associated with lower Matsuda et al. insulin sensitivity index levels (β = -0.232, confidence interval (CI) = [-0.450, -0.014] and β = -0.275, CI = [-0.444, -0.107], respectively) but not pre-menopausal gynaecologic surgery. Pre-menopausal gynaecologic surgery was significantly associated with faecal microbiota beta diversity driven by a relative increase in diabetogenic Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium species and a decrease in protective Alistipes species and Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundances. A reduction in two glycerophospholipids in the plasmalogen class significantly statistically mediated an inverse association between gynaecologic surgery before menopause and insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions: Menopause age and history of HRT are more strongly associated with insulin resistance than gynaecologic surgery before menopause. However, …

Counterclaim Preclusion: Foreseeability, Finality, And Fairness, Leslie C. Behaunek

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

Foreseeability, finality, and fairness are some of the primary interests to balance when analyzing the appropriate scope of preclusion doctrines. Scholars like Richard Freer, Alan Trammell, Lindsey Simon, and others have recently written about defense preclusion, fictional consent to a court’s jurisdiction, and the scope of claim preclusion. Existing scholarship has long recognized the confusion experienced by courts and litigants in cases involving preclusion doctrines. These recent discussions, however, do not address the continued problem that exists with the current stateby-state patchwork of counterclaim preclusion law. After a court enters judgment against a defendant in the plaintiff’s chosen forum (F1), …

Sovereign Solutions: Reclaiming Reproductive Autonomy In Oklahoma Indian Country After Dobbs, Morgan Sandler

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In the United States, Native American women face disproportionately high rates of sexual violence and adverse maternal health outcomes. In addition to these ongoing challenges, they continue to face significant barriers to reproductive healthcare access. Oklahoma’s near-total abortion ban—without exceptions for rape or incest—exacerbates these negative trends, particularly for Native women and the Two-Spirit community. Following the Supreme Court’s decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, approximately 42 percent of Oklahoma’s land area is recognized as Indian Country. This Comment explores how Oklahoma’s abortion ban disproportionately impacts Native women due to systemic inequities stemming from the federal government’s long history of …

A Call For Canceling Compassionate Release And Restoring Federal Parole, Honorable Chief Judge C.J. Williams

Washington and Lee Law Review

The current federal sentencing scheme is a patchwork quilt of provisions that grant judges virtually unfettered and unreviewable discretion imposing sentences on the front-end and in granting compassionate release on the back end. It was not designed in the beginning to be this way. The advisory-only sentencing guidelines scheme we have now resulted from the Supreme Court’s finding that mandatory guidelines violated the Constitution. The recent sentencing reform movement—of which compassionate release is a significant part—has sought to find ways of ameliorating what is seen as the draconian result of the war on drugs. The question is whether granting Article …

Women, Life, And Freedom: The Changing Landscape Of Iranian Women’S Movements Before And After The Islamic Revolution, Emily Snyder

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

Iranian women’s movements, both pre- and post-Islamic Revolution, have continually adapted to the repressive tactics of those in power to advocate for women’s rights in an authoritarian environment. With the introduction of social media, Iranian feminists have been able to counter political suppression and successfully organize against the regime. In this paper, I analyze how Iranian women’s movements have changed before and after the Islamic Revolution, and how social media has allowed modern women’s movements to succeed amidst state surveillance and political violence at the hands of the regime. I determine that social media has been a crucial factor in …

Education First Year Seminar, Edf101 Fall 2025: Syllabus, Givanni Ildefonso-Sánchez

Open Educational Resources

The Education First Year Seminar (EDF 101) is required of all new students majoring in Education. Its goals are to introduce students to the liberal arts, campus culture, and the education field. The course also aims to develop a better understanding of the learning process and acquire essential academic skills. Taught by ELA faculty and supported by Peers Advisors and co-curricular professionals, this course addresses issues related to contemporary college life and to the field of education (birth through 12th Grade).

Entering college marks the beginning of a journey towards greater knowledge, the discovery of a new identity as a …

A Holistic Look At Swiss Primary Education In The 1870s-80s, As Reflected In Johanna Spyri’S Heidi, Hazel Handy

Mountains and Modernity

Education is a cornerstone theme in Johanna Spyri’s treasured novel Heidi, which tells the story of a young girl living in the Swiss Alps with her grandfather. Heidi has many triumphs throughout her youth, but these are not without hardship with regard to educational attainment. This paper examines how the educational experiences described in Heidi fits into its historical context, having been set in the 1870s-80s in Switzerland and Germany. Legal precedents, labor relations, and a mountainous environment set the stage for educational access and success for both Heidi and her friend Peter. Heidi depicts how the emotional experiences of …

Toward The Human Right To Water For Vulnerable Communities: The Effectiveness Of Stakeholder Processes To Control Regional Shallow Groundwater Contamination By Nitrates, Iris Stewart, John Dialesandro, Samantha Lei, Lilah Foster

Environmental Studies and Sciences

Nitrate contamination in shallow drinking water wells is an urgent and persistent concern for agricultural regions and disadvantaged communities worldwide. As viable options for the large-scale removal of nitrates from groundwater remain elusive, greater emphasis has been placed on stakeholder-based integrative approaches, yet few have been developed, and fewer evaluated for their effectiveness. The Central Valley in California is one of the most important intensive agricultural regions globally, where such a stakeholder-based process (CV-SALTS) has been initiated, and which is poised to serve as a model for controlling nitrate contamination elsewhere. Based on the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program …

Case Global: A Winning Tradition, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law, The Frederick K. Cox International Law Center

Case Global Newsletter

Volume 17, No. 1 (2025)

• CWRU once again ranked among the best in 2025 PreLaw magazine and US News & World Report rankings of International Law Program...
• Case Western Journal of International Law Tackles the Need to Update the Geneva Conventions
• Building on a Winning Tradition
• CWRU Launches New International Development Law Lab
• CWRU Establishes Spring Break in the Hague Program
• Professor Michael Scharf leads Team to Prepare Ukrainian Judges and Prosecutors to Try Environmental War Crimes
• Professor Rapp teaches Comparative Law to Saudi Administrative Judges in Riyadh
• Yemen Accountability Project publishes two new White Papers
• Immigration Clinic Builds Momentum …

(Si15-113) Augmenting Cryptographic Security Through Inventive Application Of The Kharrat-Toma Transform Algorithm, Prabakaran Raghavendran, Tharmalingam Gunasekar, K. Sakthivel, Kamalendra Kumar, Shalini Gupta

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper introduces a cryptographic technique combining the Kharrat-Toma Transform and congruence modulo operators to improve the security of message encryption. The proposed model uses the mathematical properties of the Kharrat-Toma Transform and its inverse for direct scrambling and unscrambling processes while embedding sufficient complexity to resist modern cryptanalytic attacks. The model is subjected to experimental tests, including encryption quality analysis, Shannon entropy, and NIST randomness tests, in order to prove the strength of the model. Through encryption quality analysis, symbol frequencies in the ciphertext are masked heavily from having much correlation between plaintext and ciphertext. Entropy values indicate near-theoretical …

Gender And Tax Scholarship As Critical Method, Bridget J. Crawford

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Part I of this Essay offers an overview of the legal scholarship that laid the intellectual foundation for the field of gender and tax scholarship. Part II briefly recaps the organization of the symposium and the work presented. The collective work arising from the symposium reflects both the breadth and complexity of contemporary thinking on gender and taxation. In many cases, the symposium essays push the boundaries of the field in new and generative directions. Part III then turns toward the future, identifying areas of inquiry that remain underexplored, with an eye toward paths for continued research. This Essay closes …