Digital Commons Network^™

Open Secrets, Robin C. Feldman, Vaughn Goehrig

Faculty Scholarship

Patents and trade secrets were never intended to meet, but in the world of biologic drugs, they've become as thick as thieves. Patent law's disclosure requirement has demanded far too little of biologics manufacturers-allowing them to keep vital manufacturing details under trade secret lock and key. This intellectual property patchwork has been devastating for drug affordability: Because the most critical manufacturing information remains hidden, makers of follow-on biologics (called biosimilars) are often stuck reinventing the wheel, even after the original patents have expired.

This Article makes two principal contributions to illuminating this problem. First, it presents, for the first time …

Prevention Beyond Deterrence, Benjamin A. Barsky

Faculty Scholarship

This Article reconceptualizes preventive justice—the public safety paradigm that seeks to prevent harm before it occurs. Scholars have long documented how cities have advanced this paradigm through largely punitive measures, notably variants of broken windows policing, which posit that aggressive misdemeanor enforcement deters more serious crime. Yet in the aftermath of the 2020 George Floyd protests, and as underscored recently in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, these measures have faced a legitimacy crisis—prompting calls for nonpunitive responses to nonviolent incidents.

This Article establishes a preventive justice approach that advances health and safety without emphasizing crime deterrence. It draws on …

From Moral Majority To Constitutional Majority: How 1980 Recast The First Amendment Through White Evangelical Politics, A J. St. Pierre

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

The 1980 election marked a constitutional turning point in the relationship between religion and American law. Prior to 1980, the First Amendment was largely interpreted through a neutrality framework in which the state could not privilege a particular religious worldview over another. With the ascent of the White Evangelical political movement, particular organizations such as the Moral Majority––a political advocacy group founded in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christians in electoral politics––this balance shifted: religious claims were reframed as constitutional claims, and cultural disputes were relitigated as questions of fundamental rights. This paper argues that the rise of the Moral Majority …

Limited Liability And Veil-Piercing: Precedent And Application, Ethan Larsen

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

The tension between promoting economic growth and ensuring proper corporate formalities lies at the very core of veil-piercing. When assets are not available to be seized in a possible suit, limited liability leaves tort victims and creditors without compensation. This lack of compensation reveals the gaps of precedent in limited liability and the protection of actors committing wrongdoing behind the façade of a corporate name.1 A clear baseline statutory capitalization requirement is needed to ensure creditors’ confidence. The extent to which piercing the veil is applied, and its testing, is examined for tort and contractual cases. This article examines the …

Civil Malpractice Vs. Criminal Negligence In Medicine: The Conrad Murray Trial, Tanvi Desai

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

This article examines the legal distinctions between civil medical malpractice and criminal negligence clarified by People v. Conrad Murray, the high-profile prosecution of Michael Jackson’s personal physician Conrad Murray for involuntary manslaughter. Traditionally, medical malpractice is addressed through civil tort law, which focuses on compensating patients for injuries that were a result of departures from established standards of care. Contrarily, civil negligence is typically reserved only for extreme circumstances of reckless and intentional wrongdoing. Murray’s administration of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic meant for surgical procedures, in a private residence rather than a controlled medical setting, his departure from the room …

Restoring Justice: Evaluating The First Step Act's Legal Framework For Rehabilitation And Recidivism Reduction, Bryana Hamilton

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

The First Step Act of 2018 represents a significant congressional effort to steer the federal criminal justice system towards rehabilitation and recidivism reduction. By requiring evidence-based programming and incentivizing inmates’ participation in rehabilitative programs, Congress aimed to integrate restorative justice principles into federal incarceration and inmate reentry policy. While this act was intended to promote rehabilitative justice, implementation by the Bureau of Prisons remains inconsistent, resulting in many of the Act’s rehabilitative goals being unachieved. This paper examines the legislative intent, fundamental construction, and judicial interpretation of the First Step Act to assess whether the Act effectively creates enforceable rehabilitative …

The New York Times Company V. Microsoft Corporation Et Al.: Reforming The Fair Use Doctrine, Riya Dusara

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

On December 27, 2023, The New York Times filed a complaint against OpenAI, one of the fastest growing artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. Due to allegations of copyright infringement, OpenAI, alongside its primary investor, Microsoft, has faced significant backlash in recent years for “stealing” articles from the New York Times. While facing this backlash, OpenAI and Microsoft responded by arguing that their use of the New York Times’ articles falls under fair use. The fair use doctrine, throughout its existence, has been a defining factor in many cases of copyright infringement. However, the doctrine has not yet been …

Beyond Metrics: A Decade Of Building Critical Scholarship At The Interface Of Forest And Society, Muhammad Alif K. Sahide, Nurhady Sirimorok, Micah R. Fisher

Forest and Society

This editorial reflects on the first decade of Forest and Society by examining how scholarly journals can be understood beyond bibliometric indicators and ranking systems. While metrics remain influential in contemporary academic publishing, they offer only a partial account of how knowledge is produced, evaluated, and sustained. Drawing on a decade of editorial practice, the editorial foregrounds the intellectual, pedagogical, and institutional dimensions through which critical scholarship at the interface of forests and society has been cultivated. Beyond its role as a publication outlet, Forest and Society has evolved as part of a broader scholarly community, most notably through the …

Memoryart: Enhancing Llms Via Multi-Memory Models With Adaptive Resonance Theory For Healthcare Agents, Renke Dai, Hebin Hu, Jiahui Zhang, Yilin Kang, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Though promising in healthcare consultation applications, large language models (LLMs) face critical limitations in retaining and utilizing long-term memory across multiturn interactions. In particular, existing memory enhancing paradigms are constrained by limited context windows and embedding-based retrieval, often failing to maintain task relevance and still suffering from memory prototype collapse in multi-turn healthcare consultation. To address these challenges, we propose a cognitively-inspired memory framework named MemoryART, which is grounded in Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)—a cognitive and learning theory of how humans and animals adapt to dynamic environments. MemoryART employs three memory modules—working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory to support …

Paid Search Marketing Vs. Search Engine Optimization: Analytical Models Of Search Marketing Based On Search Engine Quality, Kai Li, Chunyang Shen, Mei Lin, Zhangxi Lin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

As search engines are leading revenue growth in online marketing, search marketing has become a popular area of academic research. Although search engine advertising has interested researchers for decades and much has been learned, one thing that puzzles scholars is why search engine optimization companies are tolerated rather than excluded from the market, even though they capture a significant share of the advertising market. In this paper, we shed light on this phenomenon and establish an analytical model based on organic search quality. Through analysis of the model, we were able to draw several intriguing conclusions. First, there is no …

Hybrid Learning And Optimization Methods For Solving Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, Monit Sharma, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We propose a hybrid quantum–classical framework for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that integrates the Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM) with deep reinforcement learning (RL). Directly solving CVRP via Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) requires a slack-based QUBO formulation, where converting inequalities to equalities greatly increases the qubit count. To circumvent this, we employ an ALM-based reformulation that enforces constraints through Lagrange terms instead of slack variables, drastically reducing quantum resource demands. An RL agent, trained with Soft Actor–Critic, adaptively tunes the Lagrange penalties to improve convergence and feasibility. Experiments show that RL-Q-ALM outperforms static-penalty and plain VQE baselines in both …

Escaping The Crash? The Protective Power Of Liquidity In The Pakistan Stock Market, Sana Saleem, Muhammad Usman, Amna Rafique

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

This study investigates the effect of stock liquidity on the risk of stock price crashes, taking sample of non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, from 2009 to 2024. A two-step system GMM estimation is applied to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that greater stock liquidity significantly reduces crash risk, whereas illiquidity amplifies it. Two underlying channels explain this relationship; first, liquidity strengthens block holders’ capacity to intervene, discouraging managerial tendencies to withhold adverse information, second, liquidity enhances price informativeness, limiting managerial discretion to manipulate prices through delayed disclosure of bad news. The findings imply that liquid stocks …

Pedagogical Readiness And Adaptability In Higher Education In Egypt: An Exploration Of Generational Disparities In Ai Adoption., Maha Ahmed Zaki Dajani, Israa Lewaa, Hadia Fakhreldin

Business Administration

ABSTRACT

Dajani, M., LewaaElhamd, I., & FakhrEldin, H. (2025). Pedagogical readiness and adaptability in higher education in Egypt: An exploration of generational disparities in AI adoption. In Conference proceedings for the Annual Conference of Business, Economics and Politics in the Middle East (BEP-ME) 2025 (pp. 96,116). The British University in Egypt.

This study investigates generational differences in the adoption of AI tools in Egyptian higher education, examining how pedagogical readiness and adaptability influence engagement among students and educators. It addresses a key gap in the literature—the lack of an integrated pedagogical framework combining Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and Constructivist …

Educational Interventions To Prepare Undergraduate Students For Out-Of-Hours Practice As A Newly Qualified Doctor In The United Kingdom: A Scoping Review, Alex Gordon, Molly Parkinson, Rosanna Watts, Kamal El-Badawi, Erin Dawson, Rohan Chiktara, Lorna Burns, Nicola Brennan

Peninsula Dental School

Background: In the United Kingdom (UK), newly qualified doctors are routinely responsible for out-of-hours (OOH) care, often managing acutely unwell patients with limited supervision. Despite national recommendations encouraging OOH experience during medical school training, there is no formal curriculum for OOH practice. Objectives: This scoping review aimed to identify the range of educational interventions designed to prepare UK medical students for OOH clinical responsibilities and assess their reported effects on perceived and actual preparedness. Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a systematic search of seven databases and grey literature sources was conducted. Eligible studies involved UK-based medical students and reported …

Crowd Discrimination In The Digital Workplace: How Ai And Platforms Translate Public Bias Into Employment Practices, Tammy Katsabian

SMU Law Review

In today’s digital workplace, employment decisions are increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence (AI) and social media platforms, embedding societal biases into managerial practices and undermining traditional legal safeguards. This Article introduces the concept of crowd discrimination, which arises when biases originating from customers, algorithms, or online communities influence employment outcomes, thus threatening workers’ right to equality. Specifically, it argues that platform-based work, AI-driven management tools, and online shaming systematically transform crowd biases into employment decisions regarding hiring, dismissal, wages, and working conditions.

Crowd discrimination is not incidental. It results from both technological design and the limitations of existing laws, which …

The Right To Seek Joy, Tyler Rose Clemons

Faculty Publications

Within the past three years, roughly half of American states have restricted access to gender-affirming medical treatment for children. In this article, I argue that these bans violate transgender children’s right to liberty guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. I do so by excavating the Framers’ understanding of liberty as the right to seek joy. Rooted in the philosophies of John Locke and Epicurus, the Framers understood liberty as the right to make important life decisions according to one’s subjective preferences without undue interference from the government. Based on this understanding, I develop a new framework for substantive …

Abuse Of Contract: A Proposal For A New Cause Of Action, Miriam A. Cherry

Faculty Publications

With the growth of online commerce and the platform economy, many companies are including provisions in their online terms and conditions that extend far beyond what reasonable consumers would expect. Some terms and conditions purport to bind customers to separate contracts in future transactions that have little to do with the first contract. Other boilerplate purports to cover family members of the customer who created an account. Some retailers have argued that people shopping in their brick-and-mortar stores are subject to terms and conditions because those shoppers had at some point previously created an online account. For example, Disney argued …

Private Prosecution And The State, Anna Arons

Faculty Publications

The modern family regulation system is paradigmatically public. In the common account, the state plays a monopolistic role. It decides which families to investigate and which to prosecute, which families to surveil and which to separate, and which services and benefits to provision for families entangled in the system. Yet, this public family regulation paradigm obscures the role of private prosecution. Nearly half of states permit private individuals to initiate dependency prosecutions. In these cases, private prosecutors allege that parents have neglected or abused their children and seek state intervention on the fundamental right to family integrity.

This Article surfaces …

Prevalence Of Diabetic-Nephropathy In Children And Adolescents With Type-One- Diabetes Mellitus: A Recent Perspective, Randa Mohamed Darwish, Ayat Ibrahim Ghanem, Jehan Ibrahim Altohamy, Dina Mahmoud Khalifa

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Among the most important microvascular complications in Type-one-Diabetes Mellitus (T-1-DM) in adolescents and children, Diabetic-nephropathy (DN) stands high. Early detection is crucial to prevent its progress to chronic kidney disease. Objective This study was designed aiming at the elaboration of an updated prevalence for Diabetic-nephropathy and to identify the risk factors among pediatric patients age group with T-1-DM . Methods The present cross-sectional-study was conducted starting from September 2023 to September 2025 including a group of 100 cases of adolescents and children with T-1- DM (aged 5–16 years) and 100-matched age and sex healthy control group. Clinical evaluation included …

Ottoman Wikālas In Cairo: Islamic Architecture Beyond The Mosque, Yumna Moussa

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis traces one of the largest architectural typologies in Cairo: the wikāla, a type of urban caravanserai unique to Egypt. Estimated to have reached more than five hundred buildings by the 18^th century, the wikāla was the building of choice for most patrons in Ottoman Cairo. This study initially investigates the evolution of commercial architecture within the Islamic city. It then explores the defining architectural features of Cairene wikālas built between the 16^th and 18^th centuries—their plans, decorative/iconographic programs, and urban distribution—based on waqfiyyas, chronicles, travelers’ accounts, and photographic archives. Since many of …

On The Reasonableness Of Religious Belief According To W. James' "The Will To Believe" With Reference To Alvin Plantinga's “The Nature Of Necessity”, Maria Gadelrad Shenouda Nakhla

Theses and Dissertations

Analytically, I follow William James's approach in his paper "The Will to Believe" to demonstrate that holding a religious belief is reasonable and it is not incompatible with being a philosophy scholar. I do this through explaining the way James addressed the main obstacle that Clifford puts against belief (in general) which is ‘the lack of sufficient evidence’. Clifford claims that belief cannot be accepted without evidence on it.

James breaks apart this obstacle through many steps. First, analyzing the nature of belief itself, showing that belief cannot be attained based on intellectual grounds alone (which needs sufficient evidence), but …

Trajectories Of Egyptian Women In The Us, Sageda A. Tagen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis aimed at studying and analyzing the experiences of highly skilled Egyptian migrant women living in the US both who migrated as adults and those who migrated as children with their families. It analyzed their backgrounds prior to the migration decision, the migration decision and their legal status, the role of the family in their journey and their challenges within the social context of their workplaces. The study utilized a qualitative ethnographic lens. The study is based on ethnographic interviews with 15 highly skilled women living in the US, most of whom are concentrated in Indiana and Michigan. The …

Library Support For Massive Open Online Courses (Moocs) In The Philippines: The Case Of American Corners, Princess Grace Wooden, Darin Jan Tindowen

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study examined the role of libraries in supporting Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the Philippines, with particular focus on American Corners as library-based learning spaces. Grounded in the increasing demand for flexible and accessible education, the study aimed to assess the readiness of American Corner libraries and determine the extent of MOOC implementation, as well as examine the relationship between these variables. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 28 American Corner staff composed of directors and librarians from 14 participating institutions. Data were collected using a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed through frequency, percentage, weighted mean, …

Uncovering The Disciplinary Pulse Of Library And Information Science Through Large-Scale Topic Modelling Of Openalex Scholarly Literature, Sailendra Malik, Sukumar Mandal

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Library and Information Science is among the oldest and intellectually pluralistic scholarly disciplines but the inner thematic structure has not been established. The article develops a systematic and data intensive mapping of the field by the Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modelling to 7,824 articles in the English language indexed in OpenAlex in the year 2000 to 2025. A ten topic solution is an optimised solution that identifies a group of readable and sensible thematic domains including information literacy digital libraries scientometrics archives and scholarly communication. The analysis of temporal trajectory reveals that there have been consistent expansion at the emergent …

Pie Chart Overview And Tenure And Promotion, Melissa L. Rethlefsen

PIE CHART

This presentation gives an overview of PIE CHART and additional material relating to open science in tenure and promotion. Materials included in this project were supported by the National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number RC2NS138557. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Stimuli Development To Measure Parafoveal Contrast Sensitivity In Age-Related Macular Degeneration At Varying Luminance Levels, Joao Alhada Lourenco

School of Health Professions Theses

Age-related macular degeneration is a common ocular condition in the older adult population, being the leading cause of visual impairments in industrialised countries. The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration is expected to increase along with increased life-expectancy. The early stages of age-related macular degeneration often present no noticeable symptoms; however, visual function may be impaired, particularly under low light conditions. An initial impairment tends to occur in the parafoveal region where rod photoreceptors are denser, as these photoreceptors were shown to be more prone to dysfunction than cone photoreceptors in early stages of age-related macular degeneration. Therefore, testing for this …

Antigypsyism: Foundations Of An Ideology Of Hatred Towards Roma, Fernando Ruiz Molina, Zoë James

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

Roma communities represent the largest ethnic minority in Europe (European Parliamentary Research Service, 2021), dating their presence from the fourteenth century onwards (Council of Europe [CoE], 2012a; CoE n.d.-a; End, 2012).¹Accord-ing to the Council of Europe, it is estimated that the population of Roma citizens living currently in Europe is around 10 to 12 million (CoE, 2012a). Despite their long-standing presence in European countries, Roma are hated within their own countries. From Eastern to Western Europe, animosity towards Roma centres on public acceptance of stereotypes of their criminality and lifestyles, leading to this minority group experiencing the most bias-motivated crime …

A Historical Analysis Of The Squatter Settlements (Sukumbasi) In Nepal And The Role Of Smart Settlements, Keshav Bhattarai, Ambika P. Adhikari

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

In Nepal, landless populations can broadly be categorized into two groups: urban squatters and rural landless families. Each group can further be distinguished by its level of political connection and access to power.

Among urban squatters, politically connected groups often occupy open public spaces in cities with some degree of protection or tolerance from political parties. In contrast, less powerful urban squatters usually settle on public land because they cannot afford formal housing. These settlements are commonly located in unsafe or marginal areas, such as riverbanks, flood-prone zones, and unused public spaces. Despite these risks, many remain in urban areas …

Cobalt's Climate Paradox: Global Ambitions For A Greener Future Rely On Blood-Stained Hands, Ashleigh Wootton

Natural Resources Journal

The global effort to mitigate climate change increasingly relies on widespread electrification, with lithium-ion batteries at its core and the key minerals required for their production concentrated in countries uniquely vulnerable to exploitation. Lithium-ion battery production relies heavily on cobalt, a critical mineral primarily sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which supplies approximately 70 percent of the world’s cobalt. As demand for cobalt is projected to rise sharply, the DRC has become indispensable to the global clean energy transition. Cobalt extraction in the DRC is closely linked to severe human rights abuses, including forced labor, child labor, …

Comparison Between Central Corneal Thickness Measured By Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography And Pentacam, Osama Ramadan Mahmoud, Rabab El Araby Lawash, Hanan Mohamed Abdel Hamid Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is crucial in ophthalmic practice helping diagnosis and management of various conditions such as glaucoma, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, contact lens use and proceeding refractive procedures assessment. A lot of non-contact modalities are currently available for CCT evaluation including anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and the Pentacam systems so we are in need of determining the degree of agreement between these instruments to establish an accurate clinical interpretation. Aim: To test correlation between corneal thickness measurements obtained using Pentacam and AS-OCT. Patients and Methods: Our comparative observational study included 50 eyes. CCT was measured in …