Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Law (362239)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (129571)
- Arts and Humanities (102101)
- Education (62310)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (39988)
-
- History (35343)
- Life Sciences (35226)
- Constitutional Law (35092)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (32528)
- Business (29884)
- Engineering (26617)
- Sociology (24341)
- Communication (22998)
- International Law (22853)
- Religion (21829)
- Criminal Law (20657)
- Higher Education (20099)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (17593)
- Political Science (17366)
- United States History (15475)
- Psychology (14038)
- Courts (12606)
- Intellectual Property Law (12271)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (11995)
- Library and Information Science (11555)
- State and Local Government Law (11281)
- Accounting (11248)
- Journalism Studies (11101)
- Environmental Law (10868)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (10811)
- Institution
-
- University of New Mexico (37078)
- Brigham Young University Law School (30174)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (28406)
- University of Mississippi (21449)
- University of South Florida (19005)
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (18997)
- University of Colorado Law School (16871)
- University of Michigan Law School (16370)
- University of Montana (16150)
- Fordham Law School (13109)
- UC Law SF (12006)
- University of New Hampshire (11547)
- University of Kentucky (11455)
- University of Chicago Law School (10186)
- Southern Methodist University (10150)
- Brigham Young University (9886)
- San Jose State University (9636)
- Louisiana State University (9550)
- Duke Law (9478)
- University of Central Florida (9394)
- UIdaho Law (9228)
- University of Denver (9122)
- William & Mary Law School (9048)
- University of South Carolina (9044)
- Eastern Illinois University (9031)
- University of North Dakota (8917)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (8667)
- Murray State University (8351)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (8092)
- Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law (7827)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (16162)
- Student newspaper (7465)
- Education (7070)
- History (6824)
- Newspapers (6049)
-
- EIU (5441)
- United States (5398)
- Law (5294)
- Spartan Daily (4490)
- Latin America (4437)
- Humans (4177)
- Bowling Green State University (4051)
- Spanish (4021)
- Pennsylvania (3891)
- Constitutional law (3890)
- University of New Mexico (3841)
- Eastern Illinois University (3831)
- Higher education (3815)
- UNM (3794)
- LADB (3792)
- LAII (3792)
- Latin American and Iberian Institute (3792)
- Daily Eastern News (3758)
- BG News (3696)
- Collegeville (3643)
- Politics (3322)
- Supreme Court (3268)
- N.M. (3259)
- Student newspapers (3188)
- Periodicals (3185)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (22641)
- 2025 (30294)
- 2024 (32687)
- 2023 (29226)
- 2022 (32366)
-
- 2021 (32076)
- 2020 (31253)
- 2019 (30716)
- 2018 (31169)
- 2017 (32222)
- 2016 (32923)
- 2015 (32858)
- 2014 (31681)
- 2013 (31576)
- 2012 (33109)
- 2011 (27176)
- 2010 (25836)
- 2009 (24426)
- 2008 (22486)
- 2007 (20260)
- 2006 (20514)
- 2005 (18676)
- 2004 (17685)
- 2003 (15807)
- 2002 (14549)
- 2001 (14537)
- 2000 (13868)
- 1999 (12632)
- 1998 (12791)
- 1992 (12435)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (18295)
- Faculty Scholarship (15933)
- Faculty Publications (12447)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (10296)
- Articles (10036)
-
- Michigan Law Review (8430)
- Dissertations (7321)
- Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All (5567)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006) (5390)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (through 1995) (5275)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (5177)
- Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 (5005)
- Utah Supreme Court Briefs (1965 –) (4915)
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (4788)
- North Carolina Law Review (4554)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (4297)
- Fordham Law Review (4293)
- Theses (4252)
- Louisiana Law Review (4178)
- Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (4145)
- Masters Theses (4116)
- St. John's Law Review (4050)
- Session Laws 2001-Present (4038)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (4027)
- Master's Theses (3979)
- University of Chicago Law Review (3957)
- Denver Law Review (3842)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (3712)
- Indiana Law Journal (3615)
- Faculty Articles (3484)
- Publication Type
Articles 21931 - 21960 of 1194367
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Cecil Maxwell Deason Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Cecil Maxwell Deason Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Manuscript Collections
This collection contains personal papers and photographs from Alabama state trial court judge and assistant solicitor Cecil Maxwell Deason from his times serving in the Pacific theatre of WWII, on the bench in Jefferson county, and in the solicitor's office.
Photographic Holdings, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Photographic Holdings, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Manuscript Collections
The Photographic Holdings of the Bounds Law Library include several thousand photographic prints and negatives. More than 1000 images are stored in the Special Collections vertical files.
Howell Thomas Heflin Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Howell Thomas Heflin Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Manuscript Collections
The Howell Thomas Heflin Collection documents Heflin's years as legal reformer and Alabama State Supreme Court Chief Justice, as well as his tenure as United States Senator through press clippings, scrapbooks, speech files, audiotapes, videotapes, press releases and statements, newsletters and various printed materials, photographs, negatives, campaign materials, and memorabilia.
Mirza Anwer Beg Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Mirza Anwer Beg Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Manuscript Collections
This collection consists of a large number of books, files, photographs, and notebooks on topics ranging from Islam and Islamic/Arabic themes to poetry and art as well as topics on law, diplomacy, history, and philosophy.
Jay Wesley Murphy Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Jay Wesley Murphy Collection, University Of Alabama School Of Law
Manuscript Collections
The Jay Wesley Murphy Collection is comprised of personal and professional papers, including arbitration case files, audiotapes, notes, transcripts of classroom presentations and discussions, and books.
Preserving Large-Scale Railroad Infrastructure Sites: The Louisville And Nashville Ravenna Yard As A Case Study, Zachary Jones
Preserving Large-Scale Railroad Infrastructure Sites: The Louisville And Nashville Ravenna Yard As A Case Study, Zachary Jones
Graduate Final Projects
This project consists of a draft National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) nomination for the Ravenna Louisville and Nashville Railyard, located in Irvine, Kentucky. Developed in the early twentieth century as the operational center of the L&N Railroad’s Eastern Kentucky Division, the rail yard played a significant role in the transportation of coal and other natural resources while contributing to the growth of the towns of Ravenna and Irvine. Through the review of historical resources, field documentation, and examination of preservation scholarship, this project evaluates the historical significance and integrity of the surviving rail yard resources and argues for their …
Dred Scott By Any Other Name: The New War Over Abortion And The Right To Travel After Dobbs, Wesley Mark Kimler
Dred Scott By Any Other Name: The New War Over Abortion And The Right To Travel After Dobbs, Wesley Mark Kimler
SPARK Symposium Presentations
After the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford and the Fugitive Slave Acts, slave states could effectively undermine the laws of free Northern states and deny African Americans the constitutional right to travel. Today, the denial of that right is faced by a different group. Where once the right to travel was denied to African Americans, it is now being denied to women and pregnant people. In addition to banning abortion, several states have enacted so-called "abortion trafficking" laws which make it a crime to assist a minor in procuring an abortion, even if that abortion is to take place …
The Two-Step Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Is Associated With Excellent Engraftment, Improved Survival And Low Nonrelapse Mortality In Patients With Myelofibrosis, Xia Bi, Shaik Rashid, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara, Joseph Van Galen, William O'Hara, John L. Wagner, Dolores Grosso, Neal Flomenberg, Usama Gergis
The Two-Step Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Is Associated With Excellent Engraftment, Improved Survival And Low Nonrelapse Mortality In Patients With Myelofibrosis, Xia Bi, Shaik Rashid, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara, Joseph Van Galen, William O'Hara, John L. Wagner, Dolores Grosso, Neal Flomenberg, Usama Gergis
Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers
Myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder primarily affecting older adults, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment option. However, HSCT for myelofibrosis presents significant challenges, including high nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and an increased risk of graft failure. In this 20-year retrospective study, we evaluated outcomes for 32 myelofibrosis patients who underwent HSCT at our institution, with particular focus on a two-step transplant approach designed to optimize T-cell dosing by separating the lymphoid and myeloid graft components, with cyclophosphamide administered after the lymphoid infusion and before infusion of CD34-selected stem cells. Eighteen patients underwent transplantation using …
No Shelter: The Criminalization Of Homelessness And The Gaps In Constitutional Protections If Robinson Is Overruled, Shelby Stansbury
No Shelter: The Criminalization Of Homelessness And The Gaps In Constitutional Protections If Robinson Is Overruled, Shelby Stansbury
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Statutory Interpretation In The Oklahoma Supreme Court: Making The Case For Modified Textualism, Mahak H. Merchant
Statutory Interpretation In The Oklahoma Supreme Court: Making The Case For Modified Textualism, Mahak H. Merchant
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Clinical And Community-Based Recovery Models: The Focus On How They Can Be Better Together, Alicia Wilder
Clinical And Community-Based Recovery Models: The Focus On How They Can Be Better Together, Alicia Wilder
Graduate Research Papers
Two of the main pathways for individuals to access recovery services are clinical and community-based. The clinical model focuses on medical stabilization and treatment, followed by community-based care that provides peer-driven support and sustainability through connection. The purpose is to examine how recovery models aim to support those in recovery and pinpoint the ways they can integrate medical and social systems to meet client needs. Comparing the two will allow us to understand how each model supports sustained recovery and overall well-being. The question that will be researched in this study is: How do acute clinical treatment and community- based …
Hardwiring Hercules?, Courtney M. Cox
Hardwiring Hercules?, Courtney M. Cox
Faculty Scholarship
It is time to reorient the debate over the right to a human decision. Within that debate, the strongest arguments in favor of human decisionmakers are Arguments from Explanation: AI technology is increasingly and necessarily opaque, and so machines should not replace human decisionmakers because machines cannot give the required explanations. Or so the humanist argument goes. Meanwhile, machinists argue that most humanist principles have been deflated by the Better Decision Argument, which reframes such principles as grounding not a right to a human decision, but merely to a “better” decision— whether by human or machine.
This Article turns that …
Should Statutory Interpretation And Contract Interpretation Be Harmonized?, Ethan J. Leib
Should Statutory Interpretation And Contract Interpretation Be Harmonized?, Ethan J. Leib
Faculty Scholarship
This paper develops four case studies about how states have harmonized or separated their statutory interpretation regimes and their contract interpretation regimes. After exploring the choices of Texas, Alaska, New York, and Alabama—all of which take different approaches to their lumping or splitting—the paper seeks to make state courts more aware of what their options are; to help states think about whether their commitments to formalism or contextualism make sense to apply in both domains; and to help them evaluate their meta-choices about whether to bring their interpretive regimes closer together or further apart.
Trump V. Cook And The American Rule Of For-Cause Removal, Jane Manners, Lev Menand
Trump V. Cook And The American Rule Of For-Cause Removal, Jane Manners, Lev Menand
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Risky Business, Atinuke O. Adediran
Risky Business, Atinuke O. Adediran
Faculty Scholarship
Corporate law scholarship and doctrine have largely operated on the assumption that corporate shareholders are interested in financial goals, while corporate stakeholders—such as employees, consumers, and local communities—are interested in social and environmental goals, like diversity and inclusion and climate change. Because of this assumption, the law largely requires a corporation to disclose information it considers to be “financially material” to shareholders—that is significant enough to impact the company’s financial position—including factors it considers to be financially risky.
Financial materiality is so embedded in corporate law doctrine that even if an issue is about social and environmental concerns, financial materiality …
Outside Counsel Guidelines: Power, Ideology, And The Evolution Of The Corporate Bar, Bruce A. Green, Eli Wald
Outside Counsel Guidelines: Power, Ideology, And The Evolution Of The Corporate Bar, Bruce A. Green, Eli Wald
Faculty Scholarship
Outside Counsel Guidelines (“OCGs”), terms of the lawyer–client relationship imposed by corporations, are a significant development in the practice of law by large corporate law firms (“BigLaw”). Among the most controversial OCGs are those that expand on law firms’ fiduciary obligations, thereby restricting their future clientele. The organized bar maintains that rules of professional conduct should restrict lawyers’ acquiescence to these OCGs because they limit clients’ access to legal services and undermine lawyers’ independence without advancing corporate clients’ legitimate interests.
This Article shows why the bar’s effort has (very recently) deservedly failed: corporate clients have a legitimate interest in demanding …
The Regulation Of Technological Innovation In Financial Services: A Comparative Approach With Respect To Digital Assets And Artificial Intelligence, Howell E. Jackson, Katja Langenbucher
The Regulation Of Technological Innovation In Financial Services: A Comparative Approach With Respect To Digital Assets And Artificial Intelligence, Howell E. Jackson, Katja Langenbucher
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Memory And Authority Of Failed Constitutional Amendments, Julie C. Suk
Memory And Authority Of Failed Constitutional Amendments, Julie C. Suk
Faculty Scholarship
When the original public meaning of any constitutional provision is enforced, guarantees of rights that were adopted before women were included in legal rights may appear illegitimate and inadequate for a 21st-century democracy. Originalists have long pointed to Article V amendment as the legitimate path to changing the Constitution. Jack Balkin’s Memory and Authority points to the importance of expanding American constitutional memory if women and minorities are to be included in the transhistorical “We the People.” This Essay illustrates how the memory and authority of failed constitutional amendments can challenge originalists’ reliance on amendment as the path to democratically …
Pragmatic Conceptualism, Public Nuisance, And The American Opioid Litigation, Benjamin C. Zipursky
Pragmatic Conceptualism, Public Nuisance, And The American Opioid Litigation, Benjamin C. Zipursky
Faculty Scholarship
Public nuisance as a part of American tort law has been as high profile in the first decades of this century as products liability law was in the last several decades of the 20th century. The American opioid litigation over the past decades is a spectacular example, filling headlines and generating billions of dollars of settlements. There is a plausible argument, however, that the doctrinal core of the opioid litigation is meritless because there simply is no “interference with public right” as required by public nuisance law. The first aim of the article is to articulate and assess that argument. …
Tennessee Archivist 45, No. 1, Society Of Tennessee Archivists
Tennessee Archivist 45, No. 1, Society Of Tennessee Archivists
Tennessee Archivist newsletters
Winter 2026 issue of the Tennessee Archivist, a newsletter produced by the Society of Tennessee Archivists.
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 62, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Ana Cienfuegos-Silvera
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 62, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Ana Cienfuegos-Silvera
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Contents
Creating “Buy-in” for Juvenile Restorative Justice Programs: Lessons from Nebraska’s Community Mediation Centers, Kristen M. Blankley, Lisa M. PytlikZillig, and Ashley M. Votruba
Consensus and Conflict Over Context: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2024-25 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Elena Schultz
In the Shadow of Trauma: Opportunities and Obstacles of Restorative Justice with Young People Who Offend, William R. Wood
Restorative Transitional Justice: The Judicial Role in Colombia’s Peace Tribunal, Gabriel Rojas-Andrade
Editor’s Note: Restorative Justoce: Repairing Harm, Rebuilding Community, Eve Brank
Thoughts from Canada: Restorative Justice Through Prohibition on Arrest, Wayne K. Gorman …
Improving Middle School Students’ Scores On Math Word Problems Through Reading Comprehension, Diane M. Burgess
Improving Middle School Students’ Scores On Math Word Problems Through Reading Comprehension, Diane M. Burgess
Theses and Dissertations
This applied dissertation was designed to address the poor performance of middle school students on math word problems attributed to the lack of reading comprehension skills. A review of standardized math assessments for middle school students confirmed that the greater proportion of questions is made up of word problems. Despite having strong mathematical skills, middle school students are likely to fail to find the correct solutions for math word problems. In the middle school classroom, the development of reading comprehension skills and mathematical abilities are tasks required of different teachers. Math teachers at a middle school in Florida did not …
Preferred Practices For A Student Support Services Program To Improve Retention Of African-Caribbean Students Enrolled In U.S. Universities, Jean F. Edouard
Preferred Practices For A Student Support Services Program To Improve Retention Of African-Caribbean Students Enrolled In U.S. Universities, Jean F. Edouard
Theses and Dissertations
The problem addressed in this research was the high attrition rate of African-Caribbean students enrolled in U.S. universities. This study aimed to ascertain preferred practices in student support services programs to improve the retention of African-Caribbean students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions. African-Caribbean students come to the United States with premigration experiences (e.g., language, cultural differences, and financial constraints). This generic qualitative study used semistructured Zoom interviews lasting 45–60 minutes with 12 African-Caribbean students who left their country of origin after age 12; interviews offered insight into their lived experiences and perceptions of U.S. higher education institutions. This study …
The Investigating Factors Affecting Teacher Retention In Rural Areas, Lajada Robinson
The Investigating Factors Affecting Teacher Retention In Rural Areas, Lajada Robinson
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigated the factors influencing teacher retention in Mississippi's rural communities. The purpose of this study was to identify the specific variables that contribute to teacher retention in rural areas within Mississippi and to investigate strategies for improving teacher recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction. A mixed-methods research design was utilized, which included quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with teachers, administrators, and education stakeholders in rural Mississippi.
By conducting a mixed-methods research design incorporating quantitative and qualitative interviews, the study sought to collect comprehensive data from teachers, administrators, and education stakeholders in rural Mississippi. The study explored key factors such …
The Perceptions Of Parents, Teachers, And Administrators On The Transition Of Latino Migrant Students Into Colleges, Sylma Samuel Ferreira
The Perceptions Of Parents, Teachers, And Administrators On The Transition Of Latino Migrant Students Into Colleges, Sylma Samuel Ferreira
Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative case study examined the perceptions of Latino migrant parents, teachers, and school administrators regarding barriers affecting Latino migrant students’ transition to higher education in rural Mississippi Delta schools. Guided by achievement goal theory and culturally responsive pedagogy, the study explored how structural, cultural, and institutional factors shape students’ educational pathways. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, including parents, teachers, and administrators.
Findings revealed that Latino migrant students face interconnected barriers to higher education, including financial constraints, language barriers, family responsibilities, and limited access to college preparation resources and transportation. Participants emphasized the influence of family …
A Qualitative Study Of Teacher Perceptions Of Reading Proficiency, Latia Tyler
A Qualitative Study Of Teacher Perceptions Of Reading Proficiency, Latia Tyler
Theses and Dissertations
This applied qualitative dissertation was constructed to provide insight into the experiences of teachers who provide reading instruction for third grade students at the target school. Seven teachers engaged in semi structured interviews that sought to examine their perceptions on their abilities in teaching reading instruction, their perception on school supports, their perceptions on reading proficiency and factors that contribute to it. Additionally, comprehensive reading plans, published by the state of Florida, were examined to further understand the perceptions of teachers alongside district intended approach for reading instruction.
Thematic analysis of data revealed eight key themes including gaps in foundational …
The Continuity And Fluidity Between Emergent Literacy Skills And Literacy Acquisition, Shiesha D. Otokina
The Continuity And Fluidity Between Emergent Literacy Skills And Literacy Acquisition, Shiesha D. Otokina
Theses and Dissertations
This research study was undertaken because emergent literacy skills are crucial in helping children develop their reading abilities. Research suggests that early intervention is a key strategy for closing the achievement gap, and that early literacy skills develop as early as when children begin to communicate verbally and nonverbally. Studies show that the larger a child's vocabulary is, the quicker they learn to read.This study examined the significance of reading development and a child’s ability to acquire reading skills across the stages of reading acquisition.
This study compared student scores in the experimental and control groups to determine whether the …
Higher Order Affordances For Serve Reception In Volleyball, Danilo G. Arruda, Bethany Freeman, Jeffrey B. Wagman, Thomas A. Stoffregen
Higher Order Affordances For Serve Reception In Volleyball, Danilo G. Arruda, Bethany Freeman, Jeffrey B. Wagman, Thomas A. Stoffregen
Faculty Publications – Psychology
Using a head-mounted virtual reality system, we investigated the ability of skilled volleyball players to perceive virtual volleyball serves, and to use such information to control their actions in receiving serves. We compared shorter and taller groups of competitive players, and we varied the height of incoming serves. In two experiments, we found that, with very rare exceptions, participants used either an overhead or underhand technique to receive serves. Technique selection was reliably related to serve height, such that the overhead technique was used for higher serves and the underhand technique for lower serves. In Experiment 1, participants were free …
Integrated Seismic And Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis Of The Abu Madi Formation, Baltim Field, Nile Delta, Egypt, Nouran Mostafa Eissa, Mostafa Toni, Alhussein Adham Basheer, Amr Talaat, Amir Ismail
Integrated Seismic And Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis Of The Abu Madi Formation, Baltim Field, Nile Delta, Egypt, Nouran Mostafa Eissa, Mostafa Toni, Alhussein Adham Basheer, Amr Talaat, Amir Ismail
Trends in advanced sciences and technology
Despite the economic significance of the Messinian Abu Madi Formation as a primary gas reservoir target in the Nile Delta Basin, a high-resolution, field-scale integration of seismic sequence stratigraphy with quantitative petrophysical characterization remains lacking for the Baltim area. This study addresses this gap by presenting an integrated seismic sequence stratigraphic and petrophysical analysis of the Upper Miocene Abu Madi Formation within the prolific Baltim gas fields, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. The objectives are to characterize its depositional architecture, delineate reservoir distribution, and assess hydrocarbon potential. The workflow synthesizes well log data from five key wells with a grid of …
Neuroprotective Effects Of Flaxseed And Purslane Extracts Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Modulation Of Apoptotic, Neurotrophic, And Neurotransmitter Signaling, Fatma M. Attia, Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim, Rehab E. El-Hennamy, Inas S. M. Elsayed, Gehad E. Elshopakey, Nabil A. El-Yamany
Neuroprotective Effects Of Flaxseed And Purslane Extracts Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Modulation Of Apoptotic, Neurotrophic, And Neurotransmitter Signaling, Fatma M. Attia, Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim, Rehab E. El-Hennamy, Inas S. M. Elsayed, Gehad E. Elshopakey, Nabil A. El-Yamany
Trends in advanced sciences and technology
Background: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious pathological condition that leads to permanent neurological impairment. Plant-derived bioactive compounds are gaining attention as promising neuroprotective therapeutic alternatives with relatively low adverse effects. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of flaxseed extract (FE) and purslane extract (PE) on I/R injury in rats.
Methods: Seventy adult male rats were divided into seven groups: control, sham, I/R model, FE, FE-pretreated I/R, PE, and PE-pretreated I/R. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 60 min, followed by 120 min reperfusion. Rats were treated orally with …