Digital Commons Network^™

Circuit-Specific Vulnerability In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Samuel Brunwasser

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between brainwide functional decline and accumulation of pathological protein aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complex and not well understood. A set of highly interconnected cortical regions known as the Default Mode Network (DMN) exhibits selective vulnerability to both functional decline and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in early AD. One possibility is that early Aβ accumulation in the DMN drives vulnerability. However, it is unknown whether there is something intrinsic to neuronal projections within the DMN that biases these circuits towards dysfunction. In this dissertation, I describe the development of a multisite in vivo electrophysiology pipeline for chronic …

A Subset Of Senescent Myofibroblasts Orchestrates Immunosuppression In Pancreatic Cancer., Jad Belle

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal solid malignancy with a 12% 5-year survival rate. Most tumors are detected at metastatic stages that are extremely resistant to therapy. PDAC recalcitrance is driven by a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) comprising dense collagenous fibrosis embedded with an abundance of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and infiltrating leukocytes. Preclinical studies have indicated that PDAC CAFs can have both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. This is likely owed to CAF phenotypic heterogeneity which was recently uncovered by single cell transcriptomics. Three major CAF subpopulations have been identified in mouse and human PDAC thus far: myofibroblastic …

Sirt6 Deficiency Promotes Senescence And Age-Associated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Mice, Pranay Ramteke, Bahiyah Watson, Mallory Toci, Victoria A Tran, Shira Johnston, Maria Tsingas, Ruteja A Barve, Ramkrishna Mitra, Richard F Loeser, John A Collins, Makarand V Risbud

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major risk factor contributing to chronic low back and neck pain. While the etiological factors for disc degeneration vary, age is still one of the most important risk factors. Recent studies have shown the promising role of SIRT6 in mammalian aging and skeletal tissue health, however its role in the intervertebral disc health remains unexplored. We investigated the contribution of SIRT6 to disc health by studying the age-dependent spinal phenotype of mice with conditional deletion of Sirt6 in the disc (Acan

Young-Onset Diabetes Poses A Greater Risk Of End-Stage Kidney Disease Than Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study Of Uk Biobank (Ukb), Debasish Kar

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Phytosynthesis Of Magnetite Nanoparticles From Piper Betle (L.) Var. Mysore And Evaluation Of Anti-Microbial Properties, Ravikant Shekhar, Sushma T, Madhusudhan Mc, Prakash Hs, Geetha N

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: Piper betle L., is a well-known herb in Asia, popular for its fragrance and mouth-refreshing properties. With more than 100 varieties, it has a number of medicinal and socio-economic benefits. Its phenolic constituents have been displayed to treat oral anaerobes, animate lipase action, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Magnetite nanoparticles, with their novel properties, are utilized in different applications, and amalgamating with plant sources, increases the efficacy of the nanoparticles to many folds.

Methods: In this study, biogenic synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out using aqueous solutions of Ferric Chloride and Ferrous Sulphate in a ratio of 2:1 …

Awareness Of Symptoms And Risk Factors Of Ovarian Cancer Among Healthy Women Aged 18 Years And Above: A Narrative Review, Surabhi Sai P Raghavendra, Mackwin Kenwood Dmello, Neevan Dsouza

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is often termed a "silent killer" due to its late presentation and poor prognosis. Awareness of its symptoms and risk factors is crucial for early healthcare intervention, which can significantly increase survival rates. This review article focuses on awareness of ovarian cancer, the risk factors, symptoms and factors influencing awareness among women.

Methods: Articles published in English between 2009 and 2024 were included, focusing on awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors among healthy women aged 18 years and above in a community-based or facility-based study setting.

Results: Overall, awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms …

Development And Assessment Of Liposomal Nasal Spray For The Treatment Epilepsy, Sayali Dongare, Sushmaji Sontakke, Gopal Lohiya, Shoeb Syed, Rohit Sarda

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Abstract:

Background: Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidine class antiepileptic drug mainly used to treat epilepsy and seizures.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to synthesize a liposomal nasal spray incorporating levetiracetam for nose to brain delivery in epilepsy.

Materials and methods: The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare liposomes loaded with levetiracetam with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations. The liposome formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency. Finally, the prepared liposomes were converted into nasal spray and characterized for drug content, pH, viscosity, in vitro release profile, clarity, Ex-vivo permeation study. …

Exploring The Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms: Implications For Disease Susceptibility, Thrupthi Rai, Sushma M, Jadeppa G, Suma M N, Swetha Nk

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

The Vitamin D endocrine system, comprising of Vitamin D, its receptor (VDR), and metabolic enzymes, coordinates essential physiological functions influencing skeletal metabolism, immune response, and various diseases including osteoarthritis, cancer, and obesity. Understanding the impact of genetic variations, particularly the VDR gene, on disease susceptibility is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Vitamin D metabolism, deciphering how the VDR gene works and understanding how different versions of the gene impact complex diseases. It provides a brief overview of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms in inflammatory disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, coronary artery disease, asthma, cancer, and infectious diseases. …

A Comprehensive Review Of Ethical Guideline On Biomarker Application And Research, Nurjamal Hoque

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background:

Biomarker research is essential for personalized medicine, providing insights into disease causes, diagnostics, and treatment methods. However, informed consent, privacy, data protection, and vulnerable population impacts are major ethical considerations in this quickly developing profession.

Method

This thorough overview analyzes existing legal frameworks, such as HIPAA and GDPR, and assesses growing ethical criteria for biomarker research and implementation. A examination of case studies, ethical considerations, and regulatory rules examines how biomarker research has handled sensitive data and protected participant rights.

Result

Key results indicate that informed consent is a significant issue in biomarker research owing to its complexity and …

Conservation, Policy And The Role Of Counsel, David J. Halperin

Maine Law Review

The conservation interests in the State of Maine have been roused to a furor by the decision of Maine's highest court in State v. Johnson. The case, in substance, holds that Maine's Wetlands Act is unconstitutional when applied to prohibit the filling of a specific segment of salt water marsh. While both the decision and the underlying statute are of considerable substantive interest, the case deserves particular study for the light it sheds on the role of counsel in helping the legal process accommodate new policy concerns. A note of caution must, of course, be sounded before seeking to generalize …

Constitutional Dilemmas Posed By State Policies Against Marine Pollution - The Maine Example, Daniel Wilkes

Maine Law Review

The physical fact about coastal pollution is that, since many of its harms are irreversible, it must be prevented and not just dealt with as it arises. The legal fact about coastal pollution is that legislation which aims to prevent pollutants must survive attacks under the due process, equal protection, commerce, and privileges and immunities clauses of the federal Constitution if we are not to lose entirely the enjoyment of our coastal waters. As the following discussion of the "Environmental Protection Package" passed by the First Special Session of the 104th Maine Legislature and the earlier Wetlands Act shows, judicial …

Assessing Variability In Exercise Energy Expenditure Measurements: A Pilot Study, Philip W. Eng

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

GNYACSM Original Research Abstract

Assessing Variability in Exercise Energy Expenditure Measurements: A Pilot Study

PHILIP ENG MS; KATHRYN WHYTE, PHD RDN

New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine,

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York City, NEW YORK

Category: Graduate

Advisor / Mentor: Whyte, Kathryn ([email protected])

ABSTRACT

Whole-room indirect calorimetry (WRIC) serves as the gold standard for measuring human energy expenditure (EE) including 24hr EE and its components. It has been applied to multiple research fields to determine EE in energy balance studies. Due to response times in WRIC, for exercise …

A State Approach To Effluent Charge, Orlando E. Delogu

Maine Law Review

Although the concept of effluent charge as a means of dealing with water pollution has been widely discussed in this country for more than a decade and widely used with documented success in parts of Europe for over fifty years, there is a surprising lack of specific material on methods of implementation. We are, after all, a complex society with overlaying levels of government and close working relationships between the public and private sectors of the economy. Furthermore, the statutory, constitutional, and institutional framework of the federal government and that of each state government are different in varying degree from …

Genetic Associations With Heart Failure Across Ancestries: An Analysis Of The All-Of-Us Nih Database., Marisela Benitez, Thomas J. Last

Research Day

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently. This can be significantly influenced by genetic factors. Genetic predisposition varies across ancestries, which can impact disease susceptibility. This study identifies ancestry-specific and shared genetic variants associated with HF.

Methods

We analyzed the “All by All” genome-wide association study (GWAS) result tables within the All-of-Us NIH Database using phenotype code CV_424 for HF. Heart failure (HF) patients were stratified into American (AMR), African (AFR), and European (EUR) ancestry groups. The analysis of GWAS identified significant ancestry-specific variants, followed by a meta-analysis to …

Enhancing Academic Success And Efficiency (E.A.S.E.) Program At Pcom South Georgia, Justice A. Dove, Anthony Dove Jr, Robert Walker

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: First-year medical students face many challenges as they begin their educational journey. Programs like the E.A.S.E. (Enhancing Academic Success and Efficiency) program aims to address these challenges by fostering academic confidence, peer support, and improved comprehension of didactic material. Through peer-led support sessions and academic workshops, the program helps students build a solid foundation for success. Peer teaching, a core component of such initiatives, offers additional benefits, enhancing learning for both the teacher and the learner. It fosters a collaborative environment where students can share experiences and provide mutual support, ultimately improving academic performance and engagement.

OBJECTIVES: The primary …

A Case Report: Goblet Cell Carcinoma Of The Appendix, Krupesh G. Patel, Asim Shabbir

Research Day

Introduction:

Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) is a rare subtype of appendiceal neoplasm characterized by both glandular and neuroendocrine features. It accounts for less than 5% of appendiceal tumors, often presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its aggressive behavior.

Case Presentation:

This case report discusses a 62-year-old female patient who presented with diffuse abdominal pain and distension. Imaging revealed a large bowel obstruction in the sigmoid colon, pneumatosis of the ascending colon, and pneumoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy was significant for large bowel obstruction at sigmoid colon, proximal transverse colon perforation with carcinomatosis involving small bowel, large bowel and ovary. A subtotal …

Addressing The Effects Of Stress On Menstrual Cycle Regularity And Symptoms: A Review Of Contributing Factors, Racial Disparities, And Lifestyle Interventions, Nahimie Louissaint, Saron Araya, Embre Martin, Jennifer Mitchell

Research Day

Introduction: Menstrual health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, yet many individuals experience cycle irregularities influenced by psychological and physiological stressors. Research suggests that both acute and chronic stressors can impact hormonal regulation, leading to menstrual disturbances. Despite growing evidence of this relationship, gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions.

Objective: This literature review aims to examine the relationship between stress and menstrual irregularities by analyzing physiological mechanisms, psychological and lifestyle influences, and potential mitigation strategies.

Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and meta-analyses published in the past two decades was conducted using …

Contributors, Diamond Line Editors

Diamond Line Undergraduate Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Diamond Line - Spring 2025, Diamond Line Editors

Diamond Line Undergraduate Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Case Studies Of Racism As A Force Of Ruin, Bassie Chin

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

The connection between racism and the physical environment can be seen in the segregation, disenfranchisement, discrimination, and fear which, as culturally defining attitudes, become baked into where, why, and when cities develop. Strict neighborhood boundaries from previous redlining, decaying infrastructure from a waning tax base, and entire villages which have been wiped out speak to racism’s extreme power as a force of corrosion. This paper discusses how racism contributes to the creation of ruins as a method of artificial decay.

In order to examine the effects of racism on infrastructure in different contexts, case studies of three different American cities …

Fall Incidences, Risk Factors, And Health Effects Among Early- And Middle-Aged Elderly People In Rural Areas Of Border Provinces In Southern Thailand, Phnom Sukchan, Tapanan Prateepko, Arinda Ma-A-Lee, Kruawan Hounkong, Penporn Sujiwattanarat, Gornganok Piboonpol

Journal of Health Research

Background: Elderly individuals with physical and psychological challenges face a high risk of falls. This study aimed to assess the incidence, health effects of, and risk factors for falls among those aged 60-79 years old in Thailand's three southern border provinces.

Methods: A community cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and September 2022. Questionnaires were administered though verbal face-to-face conversations. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were used.

Results: A total of 419 elderly participants were recruited, while 374 participated in the study. The incidence of falls was 37.4% with an average of 1.7 …

Performance Of Lasso And Ridge Regression For Variable Selection In Genome-Wide Association Studies Of Maize Flowering Time, Dipok Deb

Data Science and Data Mining

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are instrumental in identifying genetic variants linked to complex traits, providing valuable insights into trait heritability and biological mechanisms. This study applies GWAS to investigate flowering time in maize, a critical adaptive trait, using a diverse dataset of 5,000 recombinant inbred lines across eight environments. Traditional GWAS methods often encounter challenges in high-dimensional datasets due to the presence of multiple small-effect genetic loci. To address this, we compared two penalized regression methods—LASSO and Ridge regression—to perform variable selection and regression analysis within a GWAS framework. LASSO effectively reduced the number of predictors by selecting the most …

A National Environmental Policy: Now You See It, Now You Don't, Edward S. Muskie, Eliot R. Cutler

Maine Law Review

The National Environmental Policy Act was born with a fanfare of rhetoric. Suddenly sensitive to the urgency of the environmental crisis, Congress passed the bill quickly, and President Nixon seized the opportunity to sign it on the first day of the new decade. During its early years, NEPA was hailed by environmental activists as nothing short of a panacea; the environmentalists were nearly unanimous in singing its praises. At the same time, industrialists warned that NEPA's provisions could stop growth and progress in their tracks. But in recent months the battle lines have begun to shift. When the subject of …

Dismissals For Pregnancy In Government Employment, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

For those who litigate sex discrimination cases, the most difficult problems theoretically are those which involve characteristics that are not common to both sexes. Discrimination on the basis of pregnancy is the most obvious example and is probably the most difficult to attack. Male employers, judges and even obstetricians are outsiders to the experience of pregnancy, and to many of them the process verges on the mysterious. Masculine attitudes toward pregnancy range from protectiveness to contempt, but they are seldom neutral. Because counsel for women plaintiffs contesting pregnancy employment regulations work in a sensitive area, they should be especially careful …

Does Stress Physiology Mediate Disease Resistance In The Arizona Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma Mavortium Nebulosum)?, Megan Zerger

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Amphibian biodiversity has greatly diminished in recent years due to panzootic pathogenic fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the cause of the deadly disease chytridiomycosis (chytrid). The pathogenesis of chytrid is still unclear, as certain species and individuals within a species are differentially affected. Susceptibility and mortality of Bd are influenced by prolonged corticosterone activity. When produced in excess, this glucocorticoid deleteriously affects many of the same physiological processes as Bd infections. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship of corticosterone variation and Bd spore load in wild Arizona tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium nebulosum). …

Nigeria's Retirement Pension System And Elderly Poverty, Tonyesima Furro

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study examines the nature of Nigeria's contributory retirement pension system. It shows that the government took monthly payroll deductions from the incomes of retirees and deposited in said retirement funds. Prior to retirement, retirees would receive a severance package of a lump-sum payment of a few months to a few years' earnings. They were assured that their regularly scheduled monthly disbursement would be remitted to their designated bank accounts. But due to the cumbersome bureaucratic procedures, many pension claimants were unsuccessful in receiving their benefits before death. The study reveals that the nation's pension administration system is characterized by …

A National Environmental Policy: Now You See It, Now You Don't, Edward S. Muskie, Eliot R. Cutler

Maine Law Review

The National Environmental Policy Act was born with a fanfare of rhetoric. Suddenly sensitive to the urgency of the environmental crisis, Congress passed the bill quickly, and President Nixon seized the opportunity to sign it on the first day of the new decade. During its early years, NEPA was hailed by environmental activists as nothing short of a panacea; the environmentalists were nearly unanimous in singing its praises. At the same time, industrialists warned that NEPA's provisions could stop growth and progress in their tracks. But in recent months the battle lines have begun to shift. When the subject of …

Reproductive And Sexual Autonomy In Hillary Jordan’S When She Woke, U. H. Ruhina Jesmin

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper uses the content analysis method and theory of reproductive politics to explore how state-sponsored reproductive policy criminalizes reproductive rights and erodes sexual autonomy in Hillary Jordan’s 2011 dystopian novel When She Woke. The novel depicts a future world in which abortion is criminalized and a genetic technology called “melachroming” is used by the federal government to violate the human rights of the main character, Hannah Payne. The fundamentalist interpretations of religion, coupled with political agenda and public policy, equate abortion with genocide, thus criminalizing the act and punishing women with a genetic alternation of skin color. These …

Female Embodiment And Corporeality In Sanskrit Prognostication: A Study Of The Bṛhatpārāśarahorā Śāstra, Tara Sheemar

Journal of International Women's Studies

The connection between traditional Indian knowledge systems of astrology, medicine, and drama has been noted by scholars. Of particular concern for gender analysis is the reading of lakṣaṇas (bodily marks) that developed in astrology. The coded knowledge of astrology—the sharing of fundamental meanings with other Sanskrit knowledge systems—became a significant tool for gendered prognostication, which buttressed normative gender roles for men and women. In this paper, I attempt to unravel the code of lakṣaṇas given in the Bṛhatpārāśarahorā Śāstra, a text composed between the 7th and 9th centuries CE. The focus will be on the sections of the text …

Sylvia J. Wynter’S Concept Of The Over-Representation Of Man And Its Relevance To Gender And Global Development In The 21st Century, Tina Renier

Journal of International Women's Studies

This essay critically examines Sylvia J. Wynter’s (2003) concept of the “overrepresentation of Man” (p. 263) and its profound implications for gender and global development in the 21st century. I examine Wynter’s critique of “Man” as the universal subject of knowledge and power through a Caribbean-transnational, decolonial, and intersectional feminist lens. My reflection challenges the historical reduction of the human experience to a singular, patriarchal notion and highlights the voices and contributions of previously excluded marginalized voices and women scholar-activists. In the context of global development, the overrepresentation of Man undergirds the continued dominance of Western, patriarchal ideologies that shape …