Digital Commons Network^™

Predictive Policing, Emily Musgrove

Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics

Currently, machine learning and artificial intelligence are still somewhat new to the world of law enforcement, however, they appear to be rapidly gaining traction for their usefulness in a variety of manners. In this paper, I will examine how technically useful machine learning-based predictive policing is, the ethical conundrums that come with its practical uses, and how to mitigate the risks of its use.

Minutes, April 2024, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences

Documents of the College of Arts and Sciences Academic Affairs Committee

Minutes from organizational meeting for Academic Affairs Committee

Criminal Justice Update - April 2024, Delaney Rabenold

Criminal Justice Updates

The Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania's courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.

Contents:

• Updates from PA Governor's Office (no updates this month)
• Updates from the PA Legislature
• Updates from the Courts
• U.S. Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
• PA Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
• PA Superior Court: Criminal Law & Procedure

Too Young To Suspend: Ending Early Grade School Exclusion By Applying Lessons From The Fight To Increase The Minimum Age Of Juvenile Court Jurisdiction, Peggy Nicholson

Belmont Law Review

In many respects, the evolution of juvenile court reform and school discipline reform follow similar trajectories. This Article begins by tracking those respective evolutions. Part I outlines the evolution of the juvenile court system in the United States and focuses on the fledgling system’s distinction of children from adults and its “rehabilitative ideal” that children could outgrow challenging behavior if given the right treatment and services. After a long period of “adultification” of the juvenile court in response to rising crime rates, more recent reform efforts have focused on returning to the early court’s rehabilitative model, including policies that would …

The Need For States To Implement Trauma-Informed Care Policies, Teodora-Maria Uglean

School of Professional Studies

Currently, one of the biggest struggles of both the U.S. government and its population is the high percentage of youth and adults who have mental illness which causes several drawbacks where it concerns the economy, but also, one of the main leading causes of death, and incarceration. This research paper demonstrates the advantages of implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) policies at a state level for public organizations such as Social Care, Schools., and Criminal System Justice. TIC is a recent approach that focuses on addressing the impact of early traumatic experiences in an individual’s life.

Results: The results found in this …

An Analysis Of The Feasibility Of An Overdose Prevention Center In The City Of Worcester, Adam Cohen, Pieter Vanderbrug, Gus Hoy, Blake Leasure

School of Professional Studies

The opioid epidemic raging across the United States is causing overdose deaths to skyrocket, prompting policy-makers across all levels of government to embrace non-traditional and sometimes controversial means of combating the worsening crisis. Overdose prevention centers (OPCs) represent one such method rapidly gaining prominence. Only emerging in North America relatively recently, these centers offer clients a supervised environment where they can use pre-obtained drugs, spaces designed to mitigate the risk of fatal overdose and increase access to other health services. This study investigates both the capacity of OPCs to reduce opioid-related overdose deaths and their derivative impacts as well as …

An Interstate Analysis Of The Opioid Epidemic: Understanding Best Practices, Strategies, And Policy Responses To Address The Opioid Crisis On A National Scale, Sarah Zambrano

School of Professional Studies

While most research involves the individual relationship in the opioid crisis, this paper examines the multi-faceted nature of the opioid epidemic. It argues that comprehensive policies are imperative, specifically ones that target systematic drivers of the issue. This includes pivotal areas such as employment, investing in poverty-stricken communities, housing, comprehensive mental health services, and changes to prescription distribution practices. This paper begins with an analysis of the neurobiology of addiction and highlights the historical context of the opioid crisis. The socio-ecological framework of the opioid crisis is discussed at great length and provides the guiding lens for the research conducted …

Use Of Artificial Intelligence-Based Tools By Lawyers In Criminal Advocacy, Jamie Bernstein

Hofstra Law Student Works

No abstract provided.

I Called For Help, And No One Answered: How Government Attorneys Still Lack Ethical Protection In Whistleblowing Loyalist-Adversarial Political Prosecutions, Robert Harry Saylor Iii

Hofstra Law Student Works

No abstract provided.

The Place Of Artificial Intelligence In Sentencing Decisions, Kieran Newcomb

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a feature of human life. Technology infiltrates nearly every domain of our society, and the legal field is no exception. In the United States, some judges already employ AI-infused statistical programs to predict chances of recidivism for criminal offenders and use this information to inform prison sentences. Some people hope that this will bring a sense of scientific objectivity to the process. However, many also find this to be a disturbing, dystopian development.

I argue that our economy and justice system are structured such that in the coming years AI is likely to seize …

Advocacy And Amendments For Jillian's Law, Julie Hanse, Jalen All, Ashton Jones, Taylor D. Sanderson, Megan Stephens

[Archive] Belmont University Research Symposium (BURS)

In response to the fatal shooting of 18-year-old Jillian Ludwig, Tennessee lawmakers have advanced HB 1640 and SB 1769 through the legislature, garnering wide-reaching bipartisan and public support. The bill, dubbed Jillian’s Law, would prohibit the purchase or possession of a firearm by individuals deemed incompetent to stand trial, providing a much-needed piece of gun reform in a state with little to no restrictions. However, Jillian’s Law has raised concerns among disability advocates due to its punitive effect on people with disabilities. If passed, the law would streamline the process of involuntarily committing an individual who has been convicted of …

Northeast Reintegration Center Leisure Program, Jessica Mravec

Occupational Therapy Doctoral Student Capstone Posters

Occupational therapists have the opportunity to develop programming for inmates to increase skills and engagement in meaningful leisure activities, and to help inmates successfully reintegrate into the community. Through the collection of data from my needs assessment, I created a 12-leisure program outline to educate the women on types of leisure and how leisure participation can be impacted by different barriers, with the ability to participate in a variety of leisure activities. Also, I created a Community Resource Guide that will allow the women to have access to resources in their community upon release to become stable and independent.

Occupational Therapy In The U.S. Criminal Justice System: Assessing Leisure Engagement And Parental Roles Within The Criminal Justice Setting, Kelly Dezsi

Occupational Therapy Doctoral Student Capstone Posters

In collaboration with Northeast Reintegration Center, this capstone examined the effects of leisure engagement on nurturing relationships between incarcerated mothers and their children. Furthermore, it advocated for occupational therapy services in the criminal justice setting by identifying critical needs and educating incarcerated women on the importance of engaging in healthy leisure activities to enhance their parental roles.

A Case For Changing The Age Of Majority From 18 To 22 Years Of Age In Massachusetts, Gabriella M. Barbuto

Social Work Student Work

The age of majority is when a person is considered legally responsible and culpable for their actions (Cox et al., 2022). Since the advent of the legal system, there seems to be no consensus regarding the ideal age of majority. This is demonstrated by the age varying from state to state and nationally. In the United States, the age of majority has been as low as 14 years old. Until the 19th century, 14-year-olds could be processed in the adult justice system as well as sentenced to the death penalty. As of 2019, 38 of the 50 states, including North …

Spring/Summer 2024, Seattle University

Seattle University Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Leniency Offers In Correcting Wrongful Convictions, Lee Ann Masters

Hofstra Law Student Works

No abstract provided.

Leveling The Playing Field: Addressing The Crisis In Indigent Defense Through Resource Parity, Evan Itzkowitz

Hofstra Law Student Works

No abstract provided.

Unblocked Re-Imagining Incarceration By Restructuring The Cell Block, Carlee Castle

Interior Design Capstones

Prison cell blocks, often overlooked as monolithic structures of confinement, conceal a rich tapestry of complex social environments. This study delves into the interplay between the architectural and interior design of cell blocks and the individuals who reside within them, highlighting the profound impact of built elements on the promotion of privacy, independence, and collaboration among cellmates.

Incarceration, by its nature, places inmates in close proximity, fostering interactions that range from cooperation to conflict. However, the prison environment is not equivalent in different countries, and the layout of cell blocks varies widely. By examining these variations, it becomes evident that …

The Psychological Effects Of Solitary Confinement On Incarcerated Individuals: A Systematic Literature Review, Lara Z. Parkes, Jonathan C. Dowers

Selected Student Publications

This systematic literature review looks at previous research that explores the possibility of a correlation between solitary confinement and the presence of mental illness within those isolated inmates. Twenty percent of prison inmates experience isolation for up to twenty-two hours per day with restricted social interaction and limited amenities (Hagan et al., 2018; Ryan & DeVylder, 2020). Certain inmate demographics are more likely to be sent into isolation in an effort to protect themselves or others, including members of the LGBTQIA+ community, the developmentally impaired, and the mentally ill. However, this practice often has the opposite of its intended effect. …

Helms School Of Government Newsletter- Spring 2024, Liberty University

The Helms School of Government Newsletter

Helms School of Government Newsletter- Spring 2024

Taking Our Position: Repairing The Breach In The Pipeline To The Legal Profession By Transforming The Impact Of Bias Against Black Girls In Student Discipline, Hon. Tiffany W. Brewer

Belmont Law Review

This Article implores the legal profession to intervene in promoting accountability in remediating implicit bias and discrimination in school discipline decisions disproportionately impacting Black girls’ educational outcomes, given their significant impact in disrupting the pipeline to the legal profession. The lack of accountability for disparate school discipline policies has resulted in little progress in decreasing the school-to-prison pipeline for Black girls. As a result, failures to eradicate implicit bias and discrimination in educational systems threaten the pipeline of future Black women law students, lawyers, and judges. This Article contends that if the bias in current school discipline policies toward Black …

Classified Information: The Newsletter Of The Lloyd Sealy Library, Lloyd Sealy Library, Cuny John Jay College Of Criminal Justice

Reports and Publications from John Jay College

Classified Information was a publication that informed the College about Library services, personnel, upcoming events, new technologies, and available resources.

Democratic Policing, Building Trust, And Willingness To Call 911: Examining The Relationship Between Law Enforcement Legitimacy And Calling The Police, Kyle Mclean, Brian Lee Miller, Andrew S. Pyle, Olivia Bauwens

Publications

Recent debates over policing have centered on the proper role of policing in society. Using the lenses of democratic policing and police legitimacy, we suggest that individuals’ willingness to call the police is one method for understanding the public’s consent to be policed and their view of the appropriate role of policing. This simple relationship is further complicated by differential relationships between willingness to cooperate with the police and four typologies of police legitimacy: trustworthiness, normative alignment, obligation to obey, and traditional legitimacy. Using the pretest and posttest of a survey vignette, we show that (1) individuals who legitimate the …

Race, Racial Bias, And Imputed Liability Murder, Perry Moriearty, Kat Albrecht, Caitlin Glass

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Beyond Bars: Rethinking Substance Use Criminalization In Federal Supervised Release, Emilia E. Mcmanus

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Interpretable Machine Learning And Causal Inference In Medicine And Public Health, Colleen Elise Chan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Machine learning (ML) methods have seen rapidly increasing prevalence and adoption across many industries due to their ability to learn complex patterns from large amounts of data with high accuracy. However, these models often lack transparency, operating as opaque ``black boxes’’, which is especially concerning in high-stakes domains. Two key avenues to improve transparency and user trust are 1) developing interpretable ML models that explain their reasoning to users and 2) developing causal methods to estimate the effects of interventions from observational data when randomized controlled trials are infeasible. This dissertation addresses challenges and advances methods in interpretable ML and …

2024-2025 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog, Boise State University Office Of The Registrar

University Catalogs

This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State.

2024-2025 Boise State University Graduate College Catalog, Boise State University Office Of The Registrar

University Catalogs

The purpose of the Boise State Catalog is to provide current, articulate and accurate information about Boise State University for guidance of prospective students, for faculty and administrative officers, for students currently enrolled, and for other education or allied agencies.

The Legality Of Second Chances: Employment For The Formerly Incarcerated, Ella Paligo

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

The United States has one of the highest incarceration and recidivism rates globally. This is largely attributed to the fact that a large number of employers reserve the right to not hire those with a criminal record. To combat this, cities and states have enacted “Ban the Box” legislation which prohibits employers from inquiring about criminal history before the interview round. However, with this decision being left up to local and state officials, marginalized individuals are left open to employment discrimination. This paper explores how federal protection, like “Ban the Box” laws, must be implemented to avoid recidivism and reimprisonment.

Suffolk University Alumni Magazine, Spring 2024, Suffolk University

Suffolk University Magazine

No abstract provided.