Digital Commons Network^™

Fall 2025 Full Issue, Undergraduate Research

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

No abstract provided.

Spiny Orb Weaver, Jasmine M. Roncevic

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

This scientific illustration depicts the spiny orb weaver spider (Gasteracantha cancriformis), a distinctive arachnid known for its characteristic hardened, spiny abdomen. Spiny orb weaver spiders enjoy warm, tropical, and subtropical environments and are primarily found in the Southeastern U.S., the Caribbean, and South America. They live in wooded areas, citrus groves, and shrubby gardens. I’ve encountered spiny orb weaver spiders in my food forest where they like to set up their orb-shaped webs and feast on flies, mosquitoes, and moths.

This scientific illustration depicts the spiny orb weaver spider (Gasteracantha cancriformis), a distinctive arachnid known for its characteristic …

Darkling Beetle, Jasmine M. Roncevic

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Darkling beetles (Tenebrio molitor) are holometabolic insects. Darkling beetle is the common name of the large family of beetles Tenebrionidae which has more than 20,000 species. The T. molitor species gets its name from the yellowish appearance of the larvae. During its lifespan, a darkling beetle experiences a complete metamorphosis in four distinct stages: Egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The eggs hatch within 4 to 19 days after the female oviposits. It takes about 3 – 4 months for an egg to develop into an adult, or the beetle stage.

During the adult stage, the beetles are initially whitish and …

Horseshoe Crabs, Jessie M. Roncevic

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are fascinating animals known as “living fossils.” Older than dinosaurs, horseshoe crabs are arthropods, closely related to spiders and scorpions. Many shorebirds, including red knot, depend on the eggs of horseshoe crabs during migration. Horseshoe crabs are captured and bled alive for their blue blood. Rich in limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), their blood is used for the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test, which is used worldwide to detect bacterial toxins in pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

Horseshoe crabs have an intricate anatomy, so I spent a lot of time researching it before I started drawing them. When …

Papernest Media: A Collaborative Multimedia Research Project, Susie V. Mabry

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Papernest Media is a collaborative multimedia research project that contextualizes the history and contemporary status of insect commodities as traditional food, tourist fare, and natural dye in Oaxaca, Mexico. Our interdisciplinary team of Anne E. Pfister, PhD in Applied Medical Anthropology, Alex Kledzik, BA in Sociology and Susie Mabry, UNF International Studies, came together in 2024 to produce a short film accompanying the exploratory phase of a larger ethnographic investigation. In July 2024, we traveled to Oaxaca during a peak season and the annual Guelaguetza festival to investigate the touted sustainability of edible insects in a region known for its …

Rewilding The Built Environment: Navigating Economic, Political, And Social Barriers To Urban Ecological Restoration, Carly E. Smith

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Urban rewilding offers a nature-based approach to restoring ecological processes in cities while advancing climate resilience, biodiversity, and public well-being. Unlike conventional green infrastructure, rewilding allows ecosystems to develop with minimal intervention, emphasizing succession, complexity, and long-term adaptability. This paper examines the political, economic, and social factors that frame how rewilding is understood and implemented in urban planning. Governmental frameworks often prioritize order, predictability, and short-term results, making it difficult to accommodate the uncertainty and ecological complexity that rewilding requires. Economic models struggle to capture its long-term value, frequently overlooking ecosystem services or reconciling competing land uses. Social perceptions of …

Listening To Wrong Beliefs: Being A Virtuous Agent In Contexts Of Disparity, Madison K. Mendiola

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Using the concept of intellectual humility (IH) described by Whitcomb et al. (2021) and their application of IH in contexts of disparity, I will be furthering the discussion of the importance of IH when engaging with the other side. Although there are intellectual harms associated with being too open-minded, and moral concerns about being a listener to harmful ideas, I argue that epistemic agents risk committing an intellectual error when they don’t try to understand the beliefs of the in-the-wrong party. Even in contexts of disparity, you should be able to understand the other party’s belief-forming methodologies, which is compatible …

Analysis Of Mct-1 Expression In Mouse Neural Retina In Response To Chronic Inflammation, Ian W. Ronson

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Chronic inflammation is a current public health concern as it is linked to the etiology and symptoms of numerous diseases, for example diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the case of DR, inflammation leads to dysregulation of the blood retina barrier causing retinal hemorrhage and macular edema leading ultimately to irreversible vision loss. MCT-1 is critical for the survival of photoreceptor cells because MCT-1 forms protein complexes with Basigin, a cell-cell adhesion protein, that enables Müller glial cells to efficiently provide lactate as a high energy fuel source. Previous studies have shown chronic inflammation reduces Basigin expression in the retina and that …

A Descriptive Study Of Black College Students’ Perceptions Of Law Enforcement After Police Brutality, Alisia L. Collins

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Police brutality is a social issue that has tormented the mental health of the Black community for decades. Seeing brethren battered and bruised countless times has taken an emotional toll on the relationship of the Black community with the American justice system and the officers meant to uphold it. Previous research has shown that the Black community primarily has a negative perception of law enforcement because of factors like police brutality, unjustified shootings, and legal policies within the justice system. Compounding experiences can occur for people with disabilities within the Black community. Specifically, autistic people have a higher risk of …

Marking Their Sacrifice: Headstones And History For Usct Veterans In Jacksonville, Florida, Christian Merkley

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

This research project investigated the unmarked graves of United States Colored Troops (USCT) veterans buried in Jacksonville, Florida. Despite their critical role in securing Union victory and advancing Black freedom during the Civil War, these soldiers were often denied pensions and formal recognition, including headstones. In collaboration with the University of North Florida and the Local Initiatives Support Corporation, the project involved archival research, military record verification, and cemetery documentation to confirm the service and burial sites of sixteen USCT veterans. Using resources such as Fold3, Works Progress Administration (WPA) grave registries, and institutional archives, the project resulted in the …

A Note From The Executive Editor, Judith D. Ochrietor

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

No abstract provided.

Popularising Semiotics (Continued)

Communication Research Trends

In the previous issue of Communication Research Trends (Vol. 11, No. 2), Keyan Tomaselli and Arnold Shepperson from the Centre for Cultural and Media Studies, University of Natal, surveyed the tangled vines of the field of semiotics and explained how, following one of the many paths through this 'forest of symbols', they are trying to develop semiotics into an instrument of social and cultural criticism and reform.

In the present number (11/3) of Communication Research Trends the same discussion is continued through a series of individual book reviews contributed by both senior and junior members of the same Centre. Again, …

Estimating Inclusiveness Of Growth In Sub-Sahara African Countries: A Var Approach, Kehinde Kabir Agbatogun, Sunday Idowu Oladeji, Adewale Abiodun Adegboye

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

The study examined the interaction among income inequality, economic growth, and poverty with a view of assessing the extent of inclusiveness of growth in selected African countries. Using a dataset from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Standardized World Income Inequality Dataset (SWIID), the study adopted Vector AutoRegression (VAR) method in its econometric analysis. Its findings show that only "West" African countries exhibit partial traits of inclusiveness of growth. Thus, the study recommends the provision and implementation of distributional and growth-oriented macroeconomic policies, as well as investment in public infrastructure to spread the benefits of growth to all in African countries.

Exploring Education Gini On A Smaller Scale: How Education Inequality Differs Among Districts, Nenny Hendajany, Deden Rizal Riyadi, Nor Aznin Abu Bakar

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Decentralization creates a need to discuss education inequality on a smaller scale to formulate a better development policy. This study aims to give insights on how education inequality can vary across districts depending on the characteristics attributed to the said region. By calculating education Gini indices, we found that regencies and agricultural districts tend to experience worse education inequality than municipalities and non-agricultural districts. Adding to that, using panel data regressions, we also found that the data shows the opposite of education Kuznets curves, contradicting some of the previous studies. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance …

Analyzing The Characteristics Of Highly Educated Unemployment In Indonesia’S Capital City, Febrim Leksiando Sipayung, Andy Fefta Wijaya, Fadillah Putra, Natsumi Aratame

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Indonesia’s capital city, Jakarta, is facing a problem of highly educated unemployment, a phenomenon that has become a very serious issue as Indonesia's population continue to increase facing the demography dividend. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of highly educated unemployment in Jakarta. The logistic regression model is used to analyze the labor force associated to important aspects such as highly educational attainment, age, gender, marital status, and status in the household. This study finds that being less-educated, young, male, single, and member of the household respectively increase the probability of being unemployed. However, it also finds that total …

Will Demographic Changes Affect Monetary Policy With Interest Rate Shocks In Indonesia?, Ciplis Gema Qori'ah, Catur Sugiyanto, Amirullah Setya Hardi

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Changes in the demographic structure and its impact on the economy are becoming interesting issues in almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Until 2030, the working age group dominates almost 60 percent of the total population in Indonesia. This phenomenon is a valuable asset which should be used optimally. Moderate adjustment of interest rate policy is an effort applied by Bank Indonesia to maximize the access to credit and public savings. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of demographic aspects and the real sector on the effectiveness of monetary policy in the presence of interest rate …

The Effect Of Fiscal Decentralization On Economic Development Performance In Indonesia, Muhamad Armawaddin, Wali Aya Rumbia, Ahmad Ahmad

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on Indonesia's development performance using a structural equation model. This type of data uses panel data from thirty-four provinces and five-year series (2015-2019), bringing the number of observations to 180. Data is sourced from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis uses a structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) with Smart-PLS 3. The evaluation results of the external model conclude that all indicators of fiscal decentralization variables and economic development performance variables are valid. The most powerful indicators that reflect …

Impacts Of Off-Farm Income On Technical Efficiency Of Rice Farming: Correction To Bias, Harmini Harmini, Harianto Harianto, Feryanto Feryanto, Netti Tinaprilla, Maryono Maryono

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Most of Indonesia's rice farming households are small-scale, with farming income equivalent to below the poverty line. Sources of income from outside the farm can be a complement to the low income obtained from farming. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of off-farm income on the technical efficiency of rice farming. This study employed secondary data and analyzed using the stochastic production frontier model, with corrections for the bias associated with the observed and unobserved variables first. This study showed that the education level of the head of the household had a significant positive effect on …

Technical Efficiency Analysis Of Msmes Fashion Offline And Online In Surabaya, Atik Purmiyati, Tamat Sarmidi, Reza Pradipta

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

The main purpose of this study is analyzing the level of technical efficiency of MSMEs fashion offline with offline and online in Surabaya, examine the differences between offline with offline and online, and determine the factors that affect technical efficiency. This study uses purposive sampling method with primary data. Non-parametric and parametric approach used with Data Envelopment Analysis, Independent sample T-Test and Tobit Regression. First, the results showed the average level of technical efficiency of offline MSMEs fashion was 65 percent with 8 efficient businesses. Meanwhile, the average level of technical efficiency of online and offline MSMEs fashion is 77.1 …

Impact Of Monetary Policy On Consumption And Investment In Indonesia, Tiara Nirmala, Catur Sugiyanto, M.Edhie Purnawan

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Monetary policy transmission mechanism has a complex process since its implementation it involves changes on banking sector, economic actors, the length of time in implementing policies, as well as changes in monetary policy transmission channels according to economic condition of the country. This study aims to examine how consumption and investment respond to monetary shocks that occur in Indonesia. These results indicate that the impact of monetary policy on consumption due to changes in interest rates is larger and more sensitive than investment, according to the impulse response test. The main channel of the effect of policy shocks obtained from …

Human Capital And Environmental Quality In Cameroon, Neba Cletus Yah, Henri Ndame Makembe

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of human capital, notably education, on environmental quality in Cameroon. Used is made of ARDL bound testing techniques to analyze annual data spanning the period 1971-2019. The data was obtained from the World Development Indicators published by the World Bank website. The results show a positive impact of human capital development on environmental quality. Also, evidence was found to support the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in the context of Cameroon. These results indicate that the government of Cameroon can improve on its environmental quality by developing the human …

Growth, Ideals And Scarcity: The Complexity Of Financing The Twin Oaks Community, Rahima Schwenkbeck

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

The Maverick: Woodstock’S Bohemian Art Colony, John P. Murphy

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

“A Place, A Spirit, A Ministry”: The Persistence Of Koinonia Farm In The Post-Jordan Years, Ryan Geockner

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Green Energy Solutions Through Pemfc: A Comprehensive Review Of Modeling, Efficiency, Performance Metrics, And Future Opportunities, Elaf N. Mahrous, Ahmad Jamal, Muhammad Saleem

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a promising technology for clean and efficient energy production. PEMFC was initially developed for the space programs in the 1960s, but today, it finds its application in numerous engineering applications. Growing concerns about fossil fuel depletion and global warming, along with recent advances in renewable energy and the hydrogen economy, have further supported its development. This comprehensive review consolidates modeling approaches, performance analyses, thermal management strategies, and future prospects of PEMFC technology. The analysis of the characteristics of Voltage-Current (V-I) and subsequent examination of the fuel cell’s efficiency include the evaluation of thermal …

Energy-Cost And Grid-Aware Scheduling Of Computational Tasks On Hardware Accelerators, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The technology described in this paper relates to scheduling large-scale computational tasks, such as those related to large language models (LLMs), on specialized hardware accelerators. The technology utilizes a decision engine that dynamically evaluates external energy market data, utility grid status, and renewable generation forecasts concurrently with internal task characteristics, including service level objectives (SLOs). By employing a multi-factor cost function, the technology seeks to balance adherence to task deadlines against minimization of operational electricity costs and reduction of strain on the power grid. This allows for high-priority, low-latency requests to be processed immediately, while delay-tolerant batch requests are strategically …

Novel Crystalline Form Of 4-[3¬ Chloro-4-(N’-Cyclopropylureido)Phenoxy]-7-Methoxyquinoline-6-Carboxamide Paratoluenesulfonate And Its Process For The Preparation, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Kammari Balraju, Kamutam Sathish, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center.

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a novel crystalline form of 4-[3­ chloro-4-(N’-cyclopropylureido)phenoxy]-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide paratoluene sulfonate which is represented by the following structural formula-1b, which is referred to as Lenvatinib paratoluene sulfonate.

Formula-1b

The present disclosure also relates to a process for the preparation of novel crystalline form of 4-[3­ chloro-4-(N’-cyclopropylureido)phenoxy]-7-methoxy quinoline-6-carboxamide paratoluenesulfonate of formula-1b.

Solid State Forms Of {(2s)-4-[7-(8-Chloronaphthalen-1-Yl)-2-{[(2s)-1-Methyl Pyrrolidin-2-Yl]-Methoxy}-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropyrido[3,4-D] Pyrimidin-4-Yl]-1-(2-Fluoroprop-2-Enoyl) Piperazin-2-Yl} Acetonitrile And Their Processes For Preparation Thereof, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Kammari Bal Raju, Abhijit Garai, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad, India.

Defensive Publications Series

Abstract:

The present disclosure relates to solid dispersions comprising {(2S)-4-[7-(8-chloronaphthalen-1-yl)-2-{[(2S)-1-methyl pyrrolidin-2-yl]-methoxy}-5,6,7,8-tetra hydropyrido[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4-yl]-1-(2-fluoroprop-2-enoyl) piperazin-2-yl} acetonitrile of formula-1 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and processes for preparation thereof. The structure of formula-1 is shown as below:

Formula-1.

Do Household Financial Behaviors Affect Poverty In Indonesia?: Evidence From Indonesian Family Life Survey, Adhitya Wardhono, M. Abd. Nasir

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be measured by variety of approaches. The measurements of poverty based on consumption levels are not sufficient to explain various shortcomings faced by the poor. Household financial behavior that tends to be dynamic will indirectly affect household income patterns. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5, this study aimed to identify the impact of household financial behavior on poverty in Indonesia. The results of analysis using Tobit Regression showed that the levels of financial vulnerability, financial literacy, education level, arisan or the rotating economy of savings and credit associations …