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Elements Of Context In Speech On The Youtube Channel Podcasts: Cyberpragmatics Perspective, Dewi Puji Lestari, Anang Santoso, Gatut Susanto May 2023

Elements Of Context In Speech On The Youtube Channel Podcasts: Cyberpragmatics Perspective, Dewi Puji Lestari, Anang Santoso, Gatut Susanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to describe the elements of context in speech in a cyberpragmatics perspective. This research approach is qualitative with virtual ethnographic type research. The research data is in the form of snippets of dialogue/conversations in podcasts. Meanwhile, the data source is a transcribed video podcast. The data was collected using the free-to-talk method and tapping techniques. This study uses Miles and Huberman's theory of activity flow data analysis and uses Dell Hymes' SPEAKING theory. This study found eight elements of context in the speech data. The elements are setting and scene, participants, purpose, act sequence, …


Examining Dose Frameworks To Improve Aphasia Rehabilitation Research, Sam Harvey, Miranda L. Rose, Emily Brogan, John E. Pierce, Erin Godecke, Sonia L. E. Brownsett, Leonid Churilov, David Copland, Michael Walsh Dickey, Jade Dignam, Natasha A. Lannin, Lyndsey Nickels, Julie Bernhardt, Kathryn S. Hayward May 2023

Examining Dose Frameworks To Improve Aphasia Rehabilitation Research, Sam Harvey, Miranda L. Rose, Emily Brogan, John E. Pierce, Erin Godecke, Sonia L. E. Brownsett, Leonid Churilov, David Copland, Michael Walsh Dickey, Jade Dignam, Natasha A. Lannin, Lyndsey Nickels, Julie Bernhardt, Kathryn S. Hayward

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The effect of treatment dose on recovery of post-stroke aphasia is not well understood. Inconsistent conceptualization, measurement, and reporting of the multiple dimensions of dose hinders efforts to evaluate dose-response relations in aphasia rehabilitation research. We review the state of dose conceptualization in aphasia rehabilitation and compare the applicability of 3 existing dose frameworks to aphasia rehabilitation research—the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) principle, the Cumulative Intervention Intensity (CII) framework, and the Multidimensional Dose Articulation Framework (MDAF). The MDAF specifies dose in greater detail than the CII framework and the FITT principle. On this basis, we selected the MDAF …


Silent Hunger: A Community Needs Assessment Of Food Insecurity, Farah Chaus, Kimberley Miller, Haider Attarwala, Megan Stock, Judith Gravdal, Patrick Piper May 2023

Silent Hunger: A Community Needs Assessment Of Food Insecurity, Farah Chaus, Kimberley Miller, Haider Attarwala, Megan Stock, Judith Gravdal, Patrick Piper

Advocate GME

No abstract provided.


Agendamelding And Covid-19: The Dance Of Horizontal And Vertical Media In A Pandemic, J. Benjamin Taylor, Milad Minooie, Chris J. Vargo May 2023

Agendamelding And Covid-19: The Dance Of Horizontal And Vertical Media In A Pandemic, J. Benjamin Taylor, Milad Minooie, Chris J. Vargo

Faculty Articles

How are attitudes formed in the 21st Century, and who sets the agenda for initial COVID-19 coverage in the United States? We explore these questions using a random sample of 6 million tweets from a population of 224 million tweets collected between January 2020 and June 2020. In conjunction with a content analysis of legacy media such as newspapers, we examine the second-level agendamelding process during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The findings demonstrate that in the early weeks of the pandemic, public opinion on Twitter about the virus was distinctly different than the coverage …


Cover, Foreword, And Editor Note, Nancy Pullen-Hoalst, Mark W. Patterson May 2023

Cover, Foreword, And Editor Note, Nancy Pullen-Hoalst, Mark W. Patterson

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 64-1 Cover, Forewords, Table of Contents, and Note from the Editors


Impacts And Perceptions Of Climate Variability On Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa) And African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) In Burkina Faso, Joseph Yaméogo, Isidore Pawendkisgou Yanogo May 2023

Impacts And Perceptions Of Climate Variability On Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa) And African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) In Burkina Faso, Joseph Yaméogo, Isidore Pawendkisgou Yanogo

The Geographical Bulletin

This article examines manifestations of climate variability and its impacts on tree species (shea, African locust bean) in agricultural fields through an analysis of the opinion of the field managers. The Likert-type survey form was prepared for this purpose for the collection of primary data in the field. A sample of 110 households out of a total of 480 was selected, and secondary data (rainfall, temperature and wind) were also collected through Burkina Faso’s national meteorological agency. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the primary data collected. The study revealed that 90% of agroforestry parkland managers perceive climate variability through …


Comparison Of Satisfaction With Penile Prosthesis Implantation In Patients With Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy Versus Radical Prostatectomy, Justin P Mehr, Kyle A Blum, Travis Green, Skyler Howell, Stephen Palasi, Andrew T Sullivan, Benjamin Kim, Christopher Kannady, Run Wang May 2023

Comparison Of Satisfaction With Penile Prosthesis Implantation In Patients With Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy Versus Radical Prostatectomy, Justin P Mehr, Kyle A Blum, Travis Green, Skyler Howell, Stephen Palasi, Andrew T Sullivan, Benjamin Kim, Christopher Kannady, Run Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Penile prosthesis surgery (PPS) is a commonly used treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), either as first-line therapy or in cases refractory to other treatment options. In patients with a urologic malignancy such as prostate cancer, surgical interventions like radical prostatectomy (RP) as well as non-surgical treatments such as radiation therapy can all induce ED. PPS as a treatment for ED has high satisfaction rates in the general population. Our aim was to compare sexual satisfaction in patients with prosthesis implantation for ED following RP versus ED following radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Methods: A retrospective chart review from our …


The Impact Of Technological Innovation On Labor Structure: Evidence From Vietnam Smes, Dam Duc Le May 2023

The Impact Of Technological Innovation On Labor Structure: Evidence From Vietnam Smes, Dam Duc Le

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

To examine the technological innovation and labor structure nexus at micro level in Vietnam, this paper depends on a comprehensive dataset retrieved from the Vietnam SME Survey (VSMES) between 2005 and 2015. After accounting for endogeneity and firm heterogeneity, this study finds that technological innovation exhibits significantly positive impact on total labor of Vietnam’s SMEs. Moreover, technological innovation adoption is associated with higher rate of skilled labor while lowering the rate of unskilled labor in firms. The same results are discovered for manufacturing firms; however, the employment effect of technological innovation seems only significant in low-technology sectors.


The Dynamic Of Indonesia’S Sectoral Economic Cycles, Monica Karina Anastasia, Pahmi Utamaraja Ginting, Risqia Fadhilah Syahrir, Oki Hermansyah, Muhamad Shiroth May 2023

The Dynamic Of Indonesia’S Sectoral Economic Cycles, Monica Karina Anastasia, Pahmi Utamaraja Ginting, Risqia Fadhilah Syahrir, Oki Hermansyah, Muhamad Shiroth

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

The purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic of Indonesia’s economic cycles for six main sectors. In constructing the cycles, we use quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) for six Indonesian sectors over the period 2000-2021. We obtain the economic cycles for each of the six sectors using Hodrick-Prescott filter and Christiano-Fitzgerald filter techniques. We find evidence that five of six sectors have relatively strong correlation with the aggregate GDP growth cycle. Additionally, by using the concordance index, we further conclude that three sectors are pro-cyclical with the aggregate GDP growth cycle.


The Economics Of Startup Business Finance: An Investigation Through The Lens Of Financial Growth Cycle Theory, Yesubabu Konga, Kasilingam Ramaiah May 2023

The Economics Of Startup Business Finance: An Investigation Through The Lens Of Financial Growth Cycle Theory, Yesubabu Konga, Kasilingam Ramaiah

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

The provision of finance is the key to the survival and success of new firms. The current paper examines the startup firms' finance acquisition through the viewpoint of financial growth cycle theory. We used chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests to examine our hypotheses. Our study uses data for 386 Indian startup entrepreneurs over the period 2019 – 2021. Our results show that the startups access angel finance significantly in the initial years and the venture capital, banks and NBFCs in their later stage of life.


Race-Free Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation In Kidney Transplant Recipients: Development And Validation Study, Marc Raynaud, Solaf Al-Awadhi, Ivana Juric, Gillian Divard, Yannis Lombardi, Nikolina Basic-Jukic, Olivier Aubert, Laurence Dubourg, Ingrid Masson, Christophe Mariat, Dominique Prié, Vincent Pernin, Moglie Le Quintrec, Timothy S Larson, Mark D Stegall, Boris Bikbov, Piero Ruggenenti, Laurent Mesnard, Hassan N Ibrahim, Marie Bodilsen Nielsen, Arthur J Matas, Brian J Nankivell, Stan Benjamens, Robert A Pol, Stephan J L Bakker, Xavier Jouven, Christophe Legendre, Nassim Kamar, Byron H Smith, Hani M Wadei, Antoine Durrbach, Flavio Vincenti, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Carmen Lefaucheur, Andrew J Bentall, Alexandre Loupy May 2023

Race-Free Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation In Kidney Transplant Recipients: Development And Validation Study, Marc Raynaud, Solaf Al-Awadhi, Ivana Juric, Gillian Divard, Yannis Lombardi, Nikolina Basic-Jukic, Olivier Aubert, Laurence Dubourg, Ingrid Masson, Christophe Mariat, Dominique Prié, Vincent Pernin, Moglie Le Quintrec, Timothy S Larson, Mark D Stegall, Boris Bikbov, Piero Ruggenenti, Laurent Mesnard, Hassan N Ibrahim, Marie Bodilsen Nielsen, Arthur J Matas, Brian J Nankivell, Stan Benjamens, Robert A Pol, Stephan J L Bakker, Xavier Jouven, Christophe Legendre, Nassim Kamar, Byron H Smith, Hani M Wadei, Antoine Durrbach, Flavio Vincenti, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Carmen Lefaucheur, Andrew J Bentall, Alexandre Loupy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of a newly developed race-free kidney recipient specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equation with the three current main equations for measuring GFR in kidney transplant recipients.

DESIGN: Development and validation study SETTING: 17 cohorts in Europe, the United States, and Australia (14 transplant centres, three clinical trials).

PARTICIPANTS: 15 489 adults (3622 in development cohort (Necker, Saint Louis, and Toulouse hospitals, France), 11 867 in multiple external validation cohorts) who received kidney transplants between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2021.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was GFR, measured according to local practice. …


Reinvest In Us: Reimagine The Role Of Police In The U.S., Jamil Davis May 2023

Reinvest In Us: Reimagine The Role Of Police In The U.S., Jamil Davis

College Honors Program

In America, we must question and understand what is “law and order.” Over centuries, America developed a racialized slave-class politically and socially through power and force. Police are the foot soldiers of maintaining law and order as Slave Patrols evolved into the State Police. In my thesis, I discuss how their efforts in traffic enforcement enable a dominant class to target and enslave the oppressed class. Traffic control leads to 18 million interactions a year which is 34 people a minute. The numbers of interactions along with persistent practices regarding discrimination cause police to be a social liability. When bad …


Classical Influences On Anti-Federalism In Late18th-Century America: An Analysis Of References To The Roman Republic, “Cato,” And Caesar In The Anti-Federalist Papers, Anastasia Kaliabakos May 2023

Classical Influences On Anti-Federalism In Late18th-Century America: An Analysis Of References To The Roman Republic, “Cato,” And Caesar In The Anti-Federalist Papers, Anastasia Kaliabakos

College Honors Program

As a classics major, connecting antiquity to the modern era has always been important to me. Studying the past as a way to inform our perspective on the present is often valuable: as Patrick Henry said, “I know of no way of judging the future but by the past.” Relating classics with the founding and constitutional periods of the United States of America is particularly revealing in one’s endeavor to explain the ideas and decisions from that time. A group of figures undoubtedly influenced by Greek and Roman antiquity was the Anti-Federalists. The Anti-Federalists were, in short, opposed to the …


Angels Of Many Houses: Reconciling Domesticity In 19th-Century Victorian Literature, Amanda Vierra May 2023

Angels Of Many Houses: Reconciling Domesticity In 19th-Century Victorian Literature, Amanda Vierra

College Honors Program

The rise of the Victorian middle class is known for solidifying a separation of gender roles, with women operating in the private, domestic sphere and men in the public sphere. This historical value placed on domesticity is reflected in the rise of domestic fiction, the dominant genre of Victorian literature, which commonly depicts young, middle-class women making their way in the world. The plot of these narratives revolves around women perfecting or contending with their place in the domestic sphere through courtship, marriage, and family. Scholars on domestic fiction have continued to argue over whether domestic fiction reflected the oppressive …


Trolley Problems, Private Necessity, And The Duty To Rescue, Laura A. Heymann May 2023

Trolley Problems, Private Necessity, And The Duty To Rescue, Laura A. Heymann

San Diego Law Review

Laidlaw v. Sage is generally, at best, an oddity in Torts casebooks today. A case that captured the imagination of New York newspaper readers at the time, Laidlaw involved an explosion that, William Laidlaw argued, the wealthy Russell Sage survived only because, at the last moment, he pulled Laidlaw in front of him to absorb the brunt of the blast. As taught in Torts classrooms, Laidlaw is either a case about the intent requirement for battery or a case about causation. But the case, assuming the plaintiff’s story was true, also provides an interesting window into what would seem to …


Former Gang Members And The Particular Social Group Standard: Why America's Highest Court Should Green Light The Killing Of The Bia's Three-Prong Test, Téa Antonino May 2023

Former Gang Members And The Particular Social Group Standard: Why America's Highest Court Should Green Light The Killing Of The Bia's Three-Prong Test, Téa Antonino

San Diego Law Review

This Comment establishes why the Supreme Court should clarify the elusive definition of “[m]embership in a particular social group” to resolve confusion amongst the circuit courts. Part II provides an overview of the historical context and legal basis for former gang members seeking asylum and withholding of removal. Part III explores the circuit courts’ disagreement behind the reasonableness of the BIA’s three-prong test for establishing a PSG claim: immutability, particularity, and social distinction. Part IV explains why the current three-prong PSG test is not entitled to Chevron deference, while Part V proposes the Supreme Court reimplement the Acosta factors—based on …


Consumer Welfare Of The Future: Harm To Innovation As An Antitrust Injury, Brenton Gutkowski May 2023

Consumer Welfare Of The Future: Harm To Innovation As An Antitrust Injury, Brenton Gutkowski

San Diego Law Review

This Comment will discuss pertinent background information regarding American antitrust jurisprudence. Second, this Comment will define Big Tech and discuss its rise to a dominant market position in the American economy. Third, this Comment will break down the District of Columbia District Court’s decision in United States v. Microsoft Corp. and will discuss how the courts’ reasoning can establish a new standard of harm to innovation under the consumer welfare standard. Fourth, this Comment will discuss two different situations in which the harm to innovation standard works to espouse antitrust goals. In summation, this Comment will address objections to …


Soccer Heading Drills And Concussion-Related Deficits In High School Female Athletes, Brent Harper, Adrian Aron, Rahul Soangra May 2023

Soccer Heading Drills And Concussion-Related Deficits In High School Female Athletes, Brent Harper, Adrian Aron, Rahul Soangra

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Repetitive head impacts from soccer heading may result in concussions in female athletes. Problem Statement: Concussion assessments exist with efforts to limit headers. Heading drills performed in different environments have conflicting results regarding influences on assessments. Approach: To evaluate, within an ecological realsetting environment with unpredictable conditions reflective of game situations, a heading drill’s effect on the King-Devick (K-D) and Biodex Biosway Balance Assessment (CTSIB-M). Preseason and post-heading metrics were taken for eleven female high school varsity soccer players (16 ± 1.4 years old) using K-D and CTSIB-M. K-D and CTSIB-M tests were repeated following a heading drill …


Audubon 27, Llc V. Serrata May 2023

Audubon 27, Llc V. Serrata

All Decisions

No abstract provided.


Boswell V. 706 Condominium May 2023

Boswell V. 706 Condominium

All Decisions

No abstract provided.


Schaer V. Park Terrace Realty, Llc May 2023

Schaer V. Park Terrace Realty, Llc

All Decisions

No abstract provided.


Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach Update, May 31, 2023, Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach May 2023

Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach Update, May 31, 2023, Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach

Office of Research, Economic Engagement and Outreach

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Digital Literacy And Word Choice Mastery On Students' Writing Skills, Aveny Septi Astriani, Dea Silvani, Sitti Syakira May 2023

The Effect Of Digital Literacy And Word Choice Mastery On Students' Writing Skills, Aveny Septi Astriani, Dea Silvani, Sitti Syakira

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims to investigate the effect of digital literacy skills and word choice mastery on students' writing skills. This descriptive qualitative research used survey in the form of questionnaires, multiple choice items, and writing practice as the data collection techniques. The obtained data were analysed by calculating the scores of digital literacy skills, word choice mastery, and writing skills practice, and then calculating the effect of those variables using multiple linear regression tests. The data were then processed through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The sample of this study were 55 college students who …


The Development Project Based-Learning Food Microbiology E-Module Based On The Study Of Kombucha Fermentation, Lianto Lianto, Sri Rahayu Lestari, Hendra Susanto May 2023

The Development Project Based-Learning Food Microbiology E-Module Based On The Study Of Kombucha Fermentation, Lianto Lianto, Sri Rahayu Lestari, Hendra Susanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research is research and development based on Lee and Owens’ design that aims to develop a valid and practical food microbiology electronic module based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL). The research and development consisted of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The validity of e-module was assessed by content expert, media and teaching material expert, and biology education practitioner. The practicality of e-module was assessed by The State University of Malang students who had joined food microbiology course. The instruments of this research were validation sheets of content expert, media and teaching material expert, biology education practitioners, and …


Misogynoir And The Public Woman: Analog And Digital Sexualization Of Women In Public From The Civil War To The Era Of Kamala Harris, Cecilia Cerja, Nicole D. Nave, Kelly L. Winfrey, Catherine Helen Palczewski, Leslie A. Hahner May 2023

Misogynoir And The Public Woman: Analog And Digital Sexualization Of Women In Public From The Civil War To The Era Of Kamala Harris, Cecilia Cerja, Nicole D. Nave, Kelly L. Winfrey, Catherine Helen Palczewski, Leslie A. Hahner

Faculty Publications

This essay identifies how the very conception of public woman is infused with the opprobrium hurled against a wanton woman–a sexualized figure who has lost claims to moral standing or social worth. Our analysis begins diachronically by using thin description to trace the historical conflation of public woman in general, and Black woman in particular, with prostitute to outline the contours of the trope of public woman that have solidified across time. We document how the public woman became equated with prostitute, and then how the label prostitute was affixed to women in public to situate them as promiscuous or …


Earthbound In The Anthropocene: Spirituality, Collective Identity, And Participation In The Direct Action Climate Movement, David Alan Osborn May 2023

Earthbound In The Anthropocene: Spirituality, Collective Identity, And Participation In The Direct Action Climate Movement, David Alan Osborn

Dissertations and Theses

Climate change, as part of a broader ecological crisis, is becoming an ever more potent event structuring human societies and planetary ecosystems. As the climate crisis deepens, climate change is unsettling core human identities, as well as the ontologies that define and situate concepts of "human" and "nature." And as social movements act to challenge and mitigate the catastrophes arising in the Anthropocene era, the question of how to sustain participation is critical. This dissertation explores these dynamics through a study of spirituality, collective identity, participation, and ontology in a subset of the climate movement. The research questions were: (1a) …


Marketing, Personal Branding, And Positioning: Cosplay On Steroids!, Ruby Daniels May 2023

Marketing, Personal Branding, And Positioning: Cosplay On Steroids!, Ruby Daniels

Marketing Faculty Publications (Archived)

No abstract provided.


Reports Of Negative Interactions With Healthcare Providers Among Transgender, Nonbinary, And Gender-Expansive People Assigned Female At Birth In The United States: Results From An Online, Cross-Sectional Survey, Elizabeth M. Inman, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Sachiko Ragosta, Jen Hastings, Jasmine Berry, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, Ari Stoeffler, Zubin Dastur, Heidi Moseson May 2023

Reports Of Negative Interactions With Healthcare Providers Among Transgender, Nonbinary, And Gender-Expansive People Assigned Female At Birth In The United States: Results From An Online, Cross-Sectional Survey, Elizabeth M. Inman, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Sachiko Ragosta, Jen Hastings, Jasmine Berry, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, Ari Stoeffler, Zubin Dastur, Heidi Moseson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Over one million people in the United States are transgender, nonbinary, or gender expansive (TGE). TGE individuals, particularly those who have pursued gender-affirming care, often need to disclose their identities in the process of seeking healthcare. Unfortunately, TGE individuals often report negative experiences with healthcare providers (HCPs). We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 1684 TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States to evaluate the quality of their healthcare experiences. Most respondents (70.1%, n = 1180) reported at least one negative interaction with an HCP in the past year, ranging from an unsolicited harmful opinion …


Integrating Ocean Observations Across Body‐Size Classes To Deliver Benthic Invertebrate Abundance And Distribution Information, Henry A. Ruhl, Brian J. Bett, Jeroen Ingels, Adrian Martin, Andrew R. Gates, Andrew Yool, Noëlie M.A. Benoist, Ward Appeltans, Kerry L. Howell, Roberto Danovaro May 2023

Integrating Ocean Observations Across Body‐Size Classes To Deliver Benthic Invertebrate Abundance And Distribution Information, Henry A. Ruhl, Brian J. Bett, Jeroen Ingels, Adrian Martin, Andrew R. Gates, Andrew Yool, Noëlie M.A. Benoist, Ward Appeltans, Kerry L. Howell, Roberto Danovaro

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Invertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both the feasibility and impact of establishing Benthic Invertebrate Abundance and Distribution as a Global Ocean Observing System—Essential Ocean Variable, including: (1) quantifying individual body size, (2) identifying the well‐quantified portions of sampled body‐size spectra, (3) taking advantage of (semi‐)automated information processing, …


The Role Of Trees In Reducing The Urban Heat Island Effect On The New Jersey Institute Of Technology Campus, Newark, Nj, Dahlia Mansour May 2023

The Role Of Trees In Reducing The Urban Heat Island Effect On The New Jersey Institute Of Technology Campus, Newark, Nj, Dahlia Mansour

Theses

Every year, an estimated 12.3 million tons of glass are generated in the United States. Of all glass generated, only 3.1 million tons are recycled. Despite the near endless recyclability of glass waste, recycling rates in the United States remain low. This is primarily due to the lack of color separation and presence of non-recyclable materials associated with single-stream curbside collection used in many municipalities throughout the country. These factors make recycled glass unusable for many glass bottle manufacturers, causing the majority of glass placed in a recycling bin to eventually be landfilled. The purpose of this research is to …