Digital Commons Network^™

Two Is Not Always Better Than One: Concurrent Jurisdiction In Indian Country And The Withering Of Tribal Sovereignty Following Mcgirt And Castro-Huerta, Marina Berardino

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

There is a violence epidemic plaguing the Native American population across the country. Native women are disproportionality victimized by both sexual and non-sexual violence--over eighty-five percent of Native women are expected to be victims of intimate partner violence, stalking, or sexual violence at some point in their life. Most often, the perpetrators are non-Native, which creates jurisdictional issues. In most states, the only sovereign with the authority to prosecute non-Indian-on-Indian crimes is the federal government. Yet, federal law enforcement often does not investigate these crimes, and federal prosecutors ultimately decline to prosecute many sexual assault and domestic violence crimes in …

Artificial Intelligence In Airport Security: How Ai Can Increase Airport Safety?, Carlos Diaz Moreno

Senior Honors Theses

Artificial Intelligence has boomed in recent years. There have been a lot of various implementations that different fields implemented to their advantage. In its nature, aviation is a field in which security is required. One of the ways it is more visible for passengers is while transiting through airports. From the Transportation Security Administration, also known as TSA, to different immigration controls, the sense of security and protocols are latent. The more technology advances, the more opportunities there are for artificial intelligence to help improve the process and the way airport security works and increase air travel safety by making …

The Perception Of Sexual Violence On Swarthmore College Campus, Fatima Mar , '24

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

No abstract provided.

Clinical And Sociodemographic Characteristics As Predictors For Quality Of Life In Transmasculine And Transfeminine Individuals Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, Saloni U. Lad, Jacob Sinopoli, Britt Conroy, Adam T. Perzynski, Juan P. Del Rincon

Faculty Scholarship

Healthcare systems and providers have increasingly acknowledged the role and impact of social determinants in overall health. However, gender-diverse individuals face persistent health disparities due to their identities. There is limited research on the impact of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics on mood and quality of life (QoL) for transgender (TG) individuals. Our study aims to understand and better elucidate social and clinical characteristics of transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) individuals and their impact on quality of life and depressive symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 298 TF and TM individuals on gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) were surveyed about their demographic characteristics …

Use Of Force In Policing: Do Female Police Officers Use Unjustifiable Force As Often As Male Officers?, Carma Dobson

Theses

Use of force (UOF) is a common practice in policing. My study focuses on the disposition of the use of unjustifiable force in policing. Utilization of pre-existing data with 5,771 use of force incidents from the New Orleans, Louisiana police department in the years of 2016-2021 produces an answer to the research question: Do female police officers use unjustifiable force as often as male officers? The chi-square test of independence results in my study indicates that there is no statistical difference between males and females.

The Impact Of Household Preparedness And Work-Family Conflict On Medic-Firefighter Ability And Willingness To Respond For Duty In A Disaster, Joshua S. Simmons

Dissertations

There is a general assumption in disaster planning that emergency responders will respond for duty in any emergency or disaster. Role abandonment by medic-firefighters could impede an organization’s ability to effectively manage the impact of a disaster. This study investigated household preparedness and work-family conflict levels, identified as primary variables affecting ability and willingness to respond in the literature. The aim was to determine if these factors impacted the ability and willingness of medic-firefighters in a coastal Virginia fire department to respond during disaster scenarios. The results showed that emergency preparedness levels were low, and that there were moderate levels …

Responses To Sexual Assault Survivors And Sexual Assault Evidence Kits, Loganne Ditter, April N. Terry

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Sexual assault and rape in the U.S. are an ongoing public health issue. While approximately one-fifth of individuals will experience a sexual assault or rape in their lifetime, responses to survivors continues to be problematic. Many law enforcement agencies lack training specific to interact with sexual assault survivors, which can result in victim-blaming and oversight of trauma-informed responses. For sexual assault evidence kit (SAEK) completion, nurses can receive expert certification for this examination; however, in rural areas where all services are limited, survivors may not have access to such professionals. These struggles may result in SAEK issues in addition to …

Network Level Detection Of Iot Attacks Via Time Series Shape Mining, Srijani Basu

Masters Theses

This research proposes a method, for detecting intrusions in the Internet of Things (IoT) realm. This approach was specifically tested using datasets containing both benign, and attacks on smart home devices like the Belkin Wemo Power Switch, Lifx Smart Bulb, Amazon Echo, and Netatmo Welcome Camera. These attacks consist of specification-compliant volumetric DDoS attacks, which can be both direct and reflective, with very low traffic volumes implemented in an ON-OFF pattern. Here, the ON-OFF pattern can be referred to as a pulse attack strategy.

We combined non-linear statistical moving averages, and Dynamic Time Warping into a single framework that can …

A Narrative Review On The Impact Of Online Health Misinformation On Patients’ Behavior And Communication, Shih-Han Lan, Sara Mahmoud, Kari L. Franson

Pacific Faculty Work

Objectives: Online health information is readily available and can be a favored by patients as a source of information for convenience. Despite the positive belief on the availability of information, it does not improve health outcomes. Online information can be false and complicated, leading to anxiety and excessive dissemination of misinformation. The objective of this study is to provide a review on the current evidence about the various perspectives on online health misinformation. Methods: This is a meta-narrative systematic review developed based on the RAMESES publication standards. We classified reviewed articles into 5 main categories: patient and healthcare professionals’ perspective, …

Week Of April 1, 2024, Student Life

College, School and Department Newsletters, Magazines, and Journals

Your weekly hub for events, resources and updates.

Legislating Courts, Michael C. Pollack

Articles

No abstract provided.

Cybersecurity Education And Continuous Learning Towards Uae Ncsp Fulfilment, Saleh Hamad Aldaajeh

Dissertations

This dissertation delves into enhancing cybersecurity education by aligning academic curricula with national cybersecurity strategic plan (NCSP) objectives, emphasizing the crucial role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in developing a skilled cybersecurity workforce. Analyzing ten NCSPs, it identifies strategic themes and gaps between national goals and HEI offerings. The study reviews NCSP guidelines, international cybersecurity indices, and literature, including the NICE-NIST framework, to develop a framework that bridges the educational gap, improving learning outcomes and arming students with vital skills, knowledge, and competencies. Furthermore, it introduces a platform for continuous cybersecurity learning, employing micro-credentials, blockchain technology, and AI-driven systems. Based …

Rethinking Federal Inducement Of Pretext Stops, Farhang Heydari

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Few topics in policing have received more attention than pretextual traffic stops—traffic stops made for crime-fighting purposes. Community leaders, legislators, police executives, and even presidents have recognized that the overuse of pretext stops has deleterious effects, including racially disparate enforcement, needless death, and degraded public trust in law enforcement. The result is a growing movement at the state and local level to roll back the widespread use of this tactic.

As promising as these developments are, most discussions of pretext stops largely omit a key player that drives the problem: the federal government. Presidents from Bush to Biden have decried …

Voxart: Handcrafting Vocal Audio Effects, Samuel Stephen, Anthony Ryan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Senior Theses

Musicians, specifically vocalists, need new ways to integrate artistic expression into their craft. VoxArt is a system utilizing hand movements to control digital audio effects. Giving artistic expression into the hands of the vocalist as a conductor is to an orchestra emphasizing vocals with hand movements will have new meaning for vocalists. The development of the project aimed to use simple, easy to use off the shelf hardware such as a sensor on a glove to measure hand angle positions and in effect, alter audio effect parameters using a closed loop control system. Research and development has led to the …

I Saw Guns And Sharp Swords In The Hands Of Young Children: Why Mental Health Courts For Juveniles With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Fetal Alcohol Spectrum/Disorder Are Needed, Michael L. Perlin, Heather Ellis Cucolo, Deborah Dorfman

Articles & Chapters

In this article, we offer – we believe for the first time in the scholarly literature -- a potentially (at least partially) ameliorative solution to the problems faced by persons with autism(ASD) and fetal alcohol syndrome/disorder (FAS/FASD) in the criminal justice system: the creation of (separate sets of) problem-solving juvenile mental health courts specifically to deal with cases of juveniles in the criminal justice system with ASD, and with FAS/FASD. There is currently at least one juvenile mental health court that explicitly accepts juveniles with autism, but there are, to the best of our knowledge, no courts set up specifically …

Disability, Race, And Health Beyond The Carceral State, Benjamin A. Barsky, Craig Konnoth, Michael Ashley Stein

Michigan Law Review

A review of Embodied Injustice: Race, Disability, and Health. By Mary Crossley.

The Legislations And Regulations Of Social Media- A Study Of 2 Countries – United States, Canada, Laura Mircea

Research Papers

In today’s society, social media is widely popular to use for many different reasons such as communicating, marketing, networking etc. However, with social media rapidly expanding and the usage growing exponentially, it can become dangerous. Some of these dangers include privacy exposure, invasion of privacy, cyberbullying, harassment, exploitation etc. One of the bigger challenges faced is protecting children and minors on social media, and preventing false news and rumors from circling. While some countries have stricter social media laws and rules implemented by the government, other countries rely on the social media platforms themselves to regulate and protect users from …

Addressing The Opioid Crisis Through County-Widen Public Safety Agencies’ Post-Overdose Outreach Programs, Julia Keane

School of Professional Studies

The opioid epidemic not only kills thousands every year but sees thousands survive overdoses only to overdose again in a continuous cycle. Massachusetts is no stranger to this epidemic, with numbers and patterns mirroring national rates. Newer changes to the drug supply, with fentanyl becoming increasingly used, sold, and cut with other drugs., have been on the rise and impact current opioid overdoses rates. Preventative measures are needed to address this public safety and public health crisis, not only bettering the current rates but decreasing future ones. This paper will first look at the methodology and literature used to understand …

Multi-Aspect Rule-Based Ai: Methods, Taxonomy, Challenges And Directions Towards Automation, Intelligence And Transparent Cybersecurity Modeling For Critical Infrastructures, Iqbal H. Sarker, Helge Janicke, Mohamed A. Ferrag, Alsharif Abuadbba

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Critical infrastructure (CI) typically refers to the essential physical and virtual systems, assets, and services that are vital for the functioning and well-being of a society, economy, or nation. However, the rapid proliferation and dynamism of today's cyber threats in digital environments may disrupt CI functionalities, which would have a debilitating impact on public safety, economic stability, and national security. This has led to much interest in effective cybersecurity solutions regarding automation and intelligent decision-making, where AI-based modeling is potentially significant. In this paper, we take into account “Rule-based AI” rather than other black-box solutions since model transparency, i.e., human …

The College Sexual Violence Epidemic: Examining Prevention And Response Procedures, Casey Buonocore

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

A 2019 survey conducted by the Association of American Universities reported the prevalence rate of college sexual violence at approximately 13%. Additional college sexual violence research has found that there is often a significant discrepancy between rates of sexual violence and usage rates of post-assault resources (Stoner & Cramer, 2019). Given previous statistics on college sexual violence and emerging statistics on intimate partner violence, the COVID-19 pandemic likely exacerbated this existing discrepancy. Prior college sexual violence research has found that students are much more likely to access sexual violence resources if they have already received comprehensive information about those resources …

Say Her Name: A Phenomenological Study On Black Women’S Experiences With Fearful Encounters With The Police, Marilyn Shantey Buford

Dissertations

Police violence is a historical, systemic issue that continues to plague the Black community to this day. Research discussing the systemic oppression of police violence on Black people has seen an increase over the past decade. However, little has been discussed on the effects of police violence on Black people’s health and wellness, particularly their mental health. The research that exists surrounding police violence and mental health is largely concentrated on the experiences of Black men. Little is known about how Black women personally experience police violence or how these experiences impact their mental, emotional, and physical health. Not exploring …

Why Citizens Engage In Co-Production: A Theoretical Framework And Experimental Evidence, Seulki Lee, Chongmin Na

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Co-production has been embraced as a robust strategy to improve service quality and create public value. Despite growing interest in citizens’ motivations to engage in co-production, there remain some major gaps in the literature. This study proposes a theoretical framework of factors that influence co-production and offers experimental evidence as to the effects of those factors from an online survey experiment with a sample of 1,297 Koreans. The findings show that public service motivation, driven by normative motivations, is associated with greater willingness to co-produce. We find little effect of monetary or non-monetary rewards, input legitimacy, or individual characteristics such …

Dynamic Soil-Structure Response And Failure Of Wood Utility Poles Under Hurricane-Force Wind And Non-Linear Cable Loads, Ramani Ayakannu

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation presents the outcome of a study of the dynamic soil-structure interaction response of tapered wood utility poles embedded in various foundation soils subject to quasi-static and dynamic wind loads. The study includes the effects of nonlinear soil behavior with varying quantities of moisture and nonlinear cable tension loads on a class H1 wood pole. The natural frequency response of the pole is determined using a finite element formulation. The dynamic response in the presence of wind-induced forcing function is studied using a SAP2000 finite element scheme with wind speeds up to 220 mph. The natural frequency of the …

Understanding The Role Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Resilience In Police Officers, Wayne F. Handley

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

Police officers are subject to a variety of stressors not only from job-related events resulting from direct or vicarious trauma exposure (Andersen & Papazoglou, 2014; Brown et al., 1999; Iversen et al., 2008) but also from family and personal concerns (Burke, 1998; Page & Jacobs, 2011), and administrative pressures originating from within their own agencies (Violanti et al., 2018; White et al., 2016). Prior to their careers as police officers, individuals may also be exposed to traumatic events early in life. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are described as negative events related to emotional, physical, or sexual abuse or neglect, exposure …

Public Service Motivation And Volunteer Firefighters In Rural Environments, Terina Chapin Brooms

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

Volunteer firefighters serve their communities by offering life and property protection without compensation. With over 700 million volunteer firefighters in the United States, this population remains largely underrepresented in the public administration literature along with understanding public service motivation (PSM) in protective service industries. Using a sample of South Dakota volunteer firefighters, the study tested the applicability of PSM across a volunteer-based public service, the volunteer fire service. Through factor analysis, a viable PSM measure was confirmed across the sample consisting of the self-sacrifice and commitment to public interest dimensions. Compassion was notably unable to be confirmed as a dimension …

Racial Disparities In New York City Civil Summonses, 2019-2022, Stephen Koppel, Anna Stenkamp

Publications and Research

The purpose of this study is to assess racial and neighborhood disparities in civil summonses issued by the New York City Police Department (NYPD) under the Criminal Justice Reform Act (CJRA). The report serves as a companion to a parallel study of criminal summonses. The New York City Council commissioned both reports in March 2021 as part of the Police Reform and Reinvention Collaborative Plan. The goals of this plan included increasing public safety, while reducing racial disparities in law enforcement and mitigating potential adverse effects of over-policing on low-income communities.

Predictive Analytics Of Road Traffic Incidents, A Machine Learning Approach, Maryam Essa Jaji

Theses

Traffic accidents rank among the world's most serious concerns due to the high number of deaths, injuries, and fatalities as well as the enormous financial losses they cause every year. Road travel is a necessary component of modern civilization, but because of the rise in traffic accidents, it costs the world economy billions of dollars and over a million deaths annually. Road accidents can be caused by a variety of elements. It can be possible to take action to lessen the severity and extent of the effects if these elements are better recognized and predicted. The goal of this project …

Radical Administrative Law, Christopher S. Havasy

Vanderbilt Law Review

The administrative state is under attack. Judges and scholars increasingly question why agencies should have such large powers to coerce citizens without adequate democratic accountability. Rather than refuting these critics, this Article accepts that in scrutinizing the massive powers that agencies hold over citizens, these critics have a point. However, their solution—to augment the powers of Congress or the President over agencies to instill indirect democratic accountability—is one step too quick. We should first examine whether direct democratic accountability of agencies by the citizenry is possible.

This Article excavates the nineteenth-century European intellectual history following the rise of the modern …

Mass Tort Bankruptcy Goes Public, William Organek

Vanderbilt Law Review

Large companies like 3M, Johnson & Johnson, Purdue Pharma, and others have increasingly, and controversially, turned from multidistrict litigation to bankruptcy to resolve their mass tort liability. While corporate attraction to bankruptcy’s unique features partially explains this evolution, this Article reveals an underexamined driver of this trend and its startling results: government intervention. Governments increasingly intervene in high-profile bankruptcies, forcing firms into insolvency and dictating the outcomes in their bankruptcy cases. Using several case studies, this Article demonstrates why bankruptcy law should subject such governmental actions to greater scrutiny and procedural protections. Governments often assume multiple incompatible roles in these …

Free Speech For Me But Not For Airbnb”: Restricting Hate-Group Activity In Public Accommodations, Sabrina Apple

Vanderbilt Law Review

As digital services grow increasingly indispensable to modern life, courts grow inundated with novel claims of entitlement against these platforms. As narrow, formalistic interpretations of Title II permit industry leaders to sidestep equal access obligations, misinformed interpretations of First Amendment protections allow violent speech and conduct to parade uninhibited. Within the mistreatment of these two established doctrines lies a critical distinction: the former is in desperate need of modernization to fulfill its original intent, and the latter is in desperate need of restoration for the same ends. This climate creates conditions ripe for doctrinal upheaval. This Note considers how the …