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Incidence And Risk Factors Of Metabolic Syndrome In Track And Field Throwing Athletes, Taylor Browning, Samuel Headley, Elizabeth M. Mullin, Margaret T. Jones, Andrew R. Jagim, Jennifer Fields Oct 2025

Incidence And Risk Factors Of Metabolic Syndrome In Track And Field Throwing Athletes, Taylor Browning, Samuel Headley, Elizabeth M. Mullin, Margaret T. Jones, Andrew R. Jagim, Jennifer Fields

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 1199-1211, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/HOKT7948 Track and field (T&F) throwers are a prominent subgroup of athletes that may be at risk for the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) and other cardiometabolic disease conditions. However, limited research exists examining the prevalence of MetSyn in these athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of MetSyn and associated risk factors in collegiate throwers. Collegiate Division I men (n=17) and women (n=4) T&F throwers participated in a single day of lab assessments, which included anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, a venous blood draw, and aerobic …


Influence Of Social Identity And Industry Role On Implicit Biases In Fitness Professionals, Shayna J. Guerra, Katie Mcpherrin, Kellie A. Walters, Leilani Madrigal, Alison Ede, Amber Johnson Oct 2025

Influence Of Social Identity And Industry Role On Implicit Biases In Fitness Professionals, Shayna J. Guerra, Katie Mcpherrin, Kellie A. Walters, Leilani Madrigal, Alison Ede, Amber Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(4): 1228-1251, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/SQUH3795 Implicit biases are unconscious, internally held beliefs shaped by cultural norms, societal structures, and personal experiences and are often related to societal constructs such as race, gender, age, body shape, and ability. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between social identity, industry role, and implicit biases in fitness professionals. Participants (n=296) were randomly assigned two implicit association tests (IATs): disability, weight, gender, skin-tone, or age. IATs measured implicit bias through word and pictorial associations and timed response to word/picture stimuli. Interviews (n=25) were conducted to further examine …


The Effect Of Mental Training On Psychological Hardiness And Selected Personality Traits Among Adolescent Male Volleyball Players, Moneer Fadel Ali Hassan, Omar Waleed Abdulkareem Oct 2025

The Effect Of Mental Training On Psychological Hardiness And Selected Personality Traits Among Adolescent Male Volleyball Players, Moneer Fadel Ali Hassan, Omar Waleed Abdulkareem

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(4): 1186-1198, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/MQUH7716 This study was to examine the effect of a mental training program, including a combination of autogenic training and imagery, on a number of mental skills and on the development of personality traits - psychological hardiness as well as conscientiousness, openness to experience, and neuroticism - in Adolescent male volleyball players. 60 adolescent male volleyball players (aged 15–17) participated in a two-group, pretest-posttest design. The experimental group (n = 30) completed 8-week mental skills training program, including imagery, self-talk, attention control, and relaxation, while the control group (n = 30) followed …


Upper Extremity Asymmetries In Collegiate Tennis Players Compared To An Athletic Control Of Runners, Elizabeth A. Cafferty, Dale R. Wagner, Brennan J. Thompson Oct 2025

Upper Extremity Asymmetries In Collegiate Tennis Players Compared To An Athletic Control Of Runners, Elizabeth A. Cafferty, Dale R. Wagner, Brennan J. Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 1151-1165, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/MDRK9289 Previous research on limb asymmetries of athletes participating in dominant-sided sports lacks an athletic control group. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of upper limb asymmetries in dominant-sided athletes (tennis players) compared to nondominant-sided athletes (cross-country runners). Men and women university athletes (10 tennis, 11 cross-country) participated. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and lean mass (LM) of the whole body, upper extremities, and forearms. Circumference measurements were taken at mid-biceps and widest part of the forearms. Bony breadth of …


Digital Entrepreneurship Is Redefining Entrepreneurship, Llandis G B Barratt-Pugh Prof, Fang Zhao Prof, Yuli Suseno Prof, Janice Redmond A Prof, Peter Standen A Prof Oct 2025

Digital Entrepreneurship Is Redefining Entrepreneurship, Llandis G B Barratt-Pugh Prof, Fang Zhao Prof, Yuli Suseno Prof, Janice Redmond A Prof, Peter Standen A Prof

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

This paper provides empirical evidence to conceptualize how digital technologies reconfigure entrepreneurship. Taking an inductive theory-building approach, we first examined the extant literature. Our research study utilised case studies and surveys. More than forty extensive interviews were conducted with experienced digital entrepreneurs (DEs). The analysis followed an iterative grounded theory approach. These Australasian findings indicated that a continuum exists as traditional ventures migrate towards digital operations, forming hybrid models that reflect both the characteristics of traditional entrepreneurism and DE. But, while the motivation of DEs and traditional entrepreneurs were similar, their modes of developing products and ventures differed in terms …


The Rise Of E-Commerce And Digital Marketplaces: Implications For Consumer Engagement And Market Efficiency, Fatai Kayode Wahab, Tajudeen Idera Abdulmajeed Oct 2025

The Rise Of E-Commerce And Digital Marketplaces: Implications For Consumer Engagement And Market Efficiency, Fatai Kayode Wahab, Tajudeen Idera Abdulmajeed

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

E-commerce and online marketplaces have witnessed remarkable growth over the past twenty years, transforming consumer behaviour and global business practices. This paper examines the factors contributing to the rise of e-commerce, focuses on its implications for consumer behaviour, and the business performance. The study employed a descriptive research design and utilised a survey method to gather data from fifty SMEs operating online businesses in Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to business owners and managers to gain insight into their operational strategies, digital marketing adoption, and perceived challenges facing the e-commerce and online marketplaces in Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive …


Exploring The Obstacles And Enablers Of Female Entrepreneurs In Pakistan's Service Sector: A Pathway To Gender Equality, Social Inclusion, And Sustainability, Syed Aamir Alam Rizvi, Dr. Muhammad Azeem Qureshi Associate Professor, Dr. Junaid Ansari Associate Professor Oct 2025

Exploring The Obstacles And Enablers Of Female Entrepreneurs In Pakistan's Service Sector: A Pathway To Gender Equality, Social Inclusion, And Sustainability, Syed Aamir Alam Rizvi, Dr. Muhammad Azeem Qureshi Associate Professor, Dr. Junaid Ansari Associate Professor

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

The research investigates women's motivation, and challenges in business, focusing on gender equality and social inclusion's impact on female entrepreneurs in the service industry. This is qualitative research. Phenomenology served as the research design. The semi-structured interviews were employed for interviews from eighteen entrepreneurs after acquiring ethical approval. Thematic analysis was employed as a data analysis approach. Multiple methods assured rigor. The study's outcome addressed several themes, suggesting that Women's entrepreneurship may increase social inclusion, and gender equality, and lessen poverty. Nevertheless, Pakistani women entrepreneurs experience hurdles such as social and cultural restraints, discrimination, and gender inequities. Despite these hurdles, …


Playing Surface Impacts Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level 1) Performance And Validity Of Indirect Vo2max Estimation, Gianna Ferigne, Kloe Martin, Charlie Ottinger, Lauren Biscardi Oct 2025

Playing Surface Impacts Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level 1) Performance And Validity Of Indirect Vo2max Estimation, Gianna Ferigne, Kloe Martin, Charlie Ottinger, Lauren Biscardi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 1142-1150, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/PGPL8156 This study compared performance on the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIR1) and the agility t-test between two playing surfaces, artificial turf and natural grass. This study also assessed agreement between estimated VO2max from the YYIR1 on artificial turf and natural grass with laboratory measured VO2max. Male collegiate soccer players completed three experimental sessions on separate days: YYIR1 and t-test on artificial turf, YYIR1 and t-test on natural grass, and a laboratory VO2max test. The validated Bangsbo et al. equation was used to estimate VO2max from YYIR1 distance. Participants covered …


Effects Of A Quadricep-Dominant Vs. Functional Training Program On Activities Of Daily Living, Functional Performance, And Motor Unit Recruitment In Older Adults, Brittany Followay, Tamera Holland, Larissa Rowley Oct 2025

Effects Of A Quadricep-Dominant Vs. Functional Training Program On Activities Of Daily Living, Functional Performance, And Motor Unit Recruitment In Older Adults, Brittany Followay, Tamera Holland, Larissa Rowley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 1096-1113, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/YHYC9630 The study investigated the effects of a quadriceps-dominant (QD) versus functional (FX) training program on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), activities of daily living (ADLs), and motor unit (MU) recruitment of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF). Twenty-six older adults (68.9 + 5.1yrs) were randomly assigned to a 6-week QD or FX training program. Participants completed ADLs, FMS, and three closed-kinetic chain exercises (CKCs): front lunge (FL), side lunge (SL), and bilateral squat (BLSQ), pre and post-intervention. Electromyography was recorded from the VL and BF during maximal voluntary isometric …


Physical And Mental Benefits Of Chair Yoga For Older Adults: A Case Series, Justin Smith, Anna Buessing, Carson Pierce, Payton Hybarger, Taylor Antonowich, Wyatt Akins, Barbara Smith Oct 2025

Physical And Mental Benefits Of Chair Yoga For Older Adults: A Case Series, Justin Smith, Anna Buessing, Carson Pierce, Payton Hybarger, Taylor Antonowich, Wyatt Akins, Barbara Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 1166-1174, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/COQS7170 Fitness and rehabilitation professionals commonly use yoga training for improving balance, flexibility, and mental health in populations of all ages. However, little is known about how chair yoga, a specific form of yoga, would impact physical and mental health in older adults. The purpose of this case series was to explore the feasibility and benefits of an 8-week chair yoga class for older adults in an independent living facility. Four participants (ages 77-92 years) performed chair yoga interventions once a week for 8 weeks. Interventions included, but were not limited to, …


Where Is The Power In A Power Analysis?, Kevin D. Dames, Zoe Climenhaga, Jared Rosenberg Oct 2025

Where Is The Power In A Power Analysis?, Kevin D. Dames, Zoe Climenhaga, Jared Rosenberg

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(2): 1114-1120, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/AVGK2063 Strategic planning of research involves predicting the number of replications of the experiment needed to detect an expected effect. The power analysis to determine sample size for the proposed experiment requires known or estimated characteristics of existing distributions. When used well, power analysis reduces the risk of statistical errors, wasted efforts, and temptations to twist ensuing analyses to eke out a ‘significant’ result after data collections conclude. This editorial highlights some examples of how this process goes awry. Sections are dedicated to the role of researchers, the case for ‘pilot’ studies, …


An Example Analysis For A Gender-Inclusive Approach In Sport And Exercise Science Research Using Fitbit Outcomes From The All Of Us Research Program Dataset, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Jafra D. Thomas, Whitley J. Stone Oct 2025

An Example Analysis For A Gender-Inclusive Approach In Sport And Exercise Science Research Using Fitbit Outcomes From The All Of Us Research Program Dataset, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Jafra D. Thomas, Whitley J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(1): 1133-1141, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/HRNQ4501 Prevalence studies with wearable devices are used to understand disparities in health-related physical activity behaviors and whether interventions are efficacious. However, studies have been limited to a binary definition of sex. This example analysis aimed to demonstrate how researchers can investigate differences in data beyond the sex-gender binary. Using a cross-sectional analysis of the All of Us Research Program dataset, participants' self-identified gender was categorized into Cisgender Female (n = 10,401), Additional Options (n = 27), Non-binary (n = 84), Transgender (n = 17), and Cisgender Male …


Ethnic Differences In Health-Related Quality Of Life, Physical Activity, And Health Locus Of Control, Kimberly Feiler Oct 2025

Ethnic Differences In Health-Related Quality Of Life, Physical Activity, And Health Locus Of Control, Kimberly Feiler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 1072-1085, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/STUM6367 This research aimed to better understand the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL: general health, physical functioning), physical activity (PA), and health locus of control (HLOC: internal, external-chance, external-powerful others, God) among various ethnic groups. The study’s sample included 185 individuals, 22 - 81 years of age, who were attending or employed by one of three religiously-affiliated higher education institutions during the 2020-2021 academic year. Participants voluntarily answered questions about their ethnic identity, HRQoL, PA level, and HLOC. To analyze the interaction of HRQoL, PA, and HLOC, a multiple regression …


Hemodynamic And Autonomic Modulation In Response To Additive Sympathetic Stressors In Young, Healthy Individuals, J. Derek Kingsley, Anthony G. Pinzone, Gretchen E. Elsey, Stacie M. Humm Oct 2025

Hemodynamic And Autonomic Modulation In Response To Additive Sympathetic Stressors In Young, Healthy Individuals, J. Derek Kingsley, Anthony G. Pinzone, Gretchen E. Elsey, Stacie M. Humm

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 1047-1060, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/WWDK4926 Isometric handgrip (IHG) coupled with post-exercise muscular ischemia (PEMI) and the cold pressor test (CPT) have been demonstrated to increase measures of hemodynamics and to reduce vagal tone. However, little is known about how acute resistance exercise (RE) alters these responses. The purpose was to evaluate an acute bout of RE in conjunction with a single- or dual-stressor task on hemodynamics and autonomic modulation in resistance-trained individuals. Ten resistance-trained individuals (Mean ± SD; Age: 23 ± 3 years) completed a single- (SS: IHG + PEMI only) or dual-stressor (DS: IHG + …


The Effect Of Ankle Bracing On Athletic Performance Variables In Healthy Young Adult Athletes, Penny L. Head, Kurt Neelly, Karen Furgal, Sydney Graves, Meredith Jordan, Mackenzie Polston, Zach Powars, Hailey Shuttleworth, Daniel Smalling Oct 2025

The Effect Of Ankle Bracing On Athletic Performance Variables In Healthy Young Adult Athletes, Penny L. Head, Kurt Neelly, Karen Furgal, Sydney Graves, Meredith Jordan, Mackenzie Polston, Zach Powars, Hailey Shuttleworth, Daniel Smalling

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 1086-1095, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/XPTX6116 Acute ankle sprains are common in sports and carry a significantly increased risk of recurrence after an initial injury. Bracing has been shown to reduce injury recurrence; however, athletes may decline this prophylactic measure due to fear of negative effect on athletic performance. Previous research examining the impact of bracing on performance has demonstrated conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bracing on choice reaction time and foot speed in healthy, young adults using computerized agility testing. Twenty-eight healthy athletes aged 18-25 years completed the …


Effect Of Velocity-Based Training On Vertical Jump Performance By Beach Volleyball Players, Filipe Aquino, Igor Nasser, Wladymir Külkamp, Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira, Diego Viana Gomes, Everton Crivoi Do Carmo, Walace Monteiro, Eduardo Latari Oct 2025

Effect Of Velocity-Based Training On Vertical Jump Performance By Beach Volleyball Players, Filipe Aquino, Igor Nasser, Wladymir Külkamp, Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira, Diego Viana Gomes, Everton Crivoi Do Carmo, Walace Monteiro, Eduardo Latari

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 1061-1071, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/DFMZ2015 The aim of this study was to examine variations in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance after two velocity-based training (VBT) protocols in the half-squat exercise. Sixteen male beach volleyball athletes performed CMJ tests before and after three experimental sessions on the half-squat exercise. The two VBT protocols were performed in three sets, at a mean propulsive velocity (~ 0.49 m•s−1) associated with relative intensity (~ 85% 1RM), with three minutes interset recovery. In the VL0-10 session, the participants stopped their sets upon reaching a velocity loss (VL) threshold of 10%. …


Blowing In The Wrong Direction? United States V. Osage Wind, Llc, Aubrey Thomas Oct 2025

Blowing In The Wrong Direction? United States V. Osage Wind, Llc, Aubrey Thomas

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Fault Lines In Fossil Fuel Policy: The Ripple Effect On Mineral Rights And Regulatory Taking Implications, Myles Meyring Oct 2025

Fault Lines In Fossil Fuel Policy: The Ripple Effect On Mineral Rights And Regulatory Taking Implications, Myles Meyring

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Analyzing The Invocation Of The Force Majeure Clause Defense In Natural Gas Contract Dispute, Lindsay Kirkland Oct 2025

Analyzing The Invocation Of The Force Majeure Clause Defense In Natural Gas Contract Dispute, Lindsay Kirkland

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Walking On Sunshine: A Survey Of Oklahoma Concurrent Land Use Law And How Accommodation Can Fill In Gaps Revealed By Emerging Solar Energy, Nick Halbroeder Oct 2025

Walking On Sunshine: A Survey Of Oklahoma Concurrent Land Use Law And How Accommodation Can Fill In Gaps Revealed By Emerging Solar Energy, Nick Halbroeder

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


The Clash Between Oklahoma’S Oil Industry And Overriding Royalty Interests: Why Legislative Action Is Needed, Bryce Cormack Oct 2025

The Clash Between Oklahoma’S Oil Industry And Overriding Royalty Interests: Why Legislative Action Is Needed, Bryce Cormack

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Not All That Glitters Is Black Gold: Using Stranded Gas To Mine Cryptocurrencies And The Public Regulation Of Waste, Emily Burns Oct 2025

Not All That Glitters Is Black Gold: Using Stranded Gas To Mine Cryptocurrencies And The Public Regulation Of Waste, Emily Burns

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Digital Gold: The Impact Of Bitcoin Mining On Texas Surface Owners’ Rights, Kenney Broadnax Oct 2025

Digital Gold: The Impact Of Bitcoin Mining On Texas Surface Owners’ Rights, Kenney Broadnax

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.


Online Stair Rug Measurement: Remote Geometry-Based Sizing, Design, And Manufacturing Method (Trapezoidal, Triangular, Spiral,Polygonal And Different Shapes Etc.), Durmuş Günsür Oct 2025

Online Stair Rug Measurement: Remote Geometry-Based Sizing, Design, And Manufacturing Method (Trapezoidal, Triangular, Spiral,Polygonal And Different Shapes Etc.), Durmuş Günsür

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents a fully online measurement, design, and manufacturing workflow for irregularly shaped stair treads — including rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, polygonal, spiral, wedge, and semicircular forms.
The method converts customer-provided photographs into measurable geometric data using digital calibration (planar homography and scaling), computes step dimensions via geometric derivation and tolerance management, applies parametric edge clearances for safety and aesthetics, adapts rug patterns seamlessly across varied shapes, and finally enables non-slip, pile-free rug production.
The process eliminates on-site measurement and enables completion in approximately 1 day for measurement, 1 day for production, and 3–7 days for global delivery …


Controlling Evpn Load Balancing And Aliasing Per Mac Address, Anonymous Oct 2025

Controlling Evpn Load Balancing And Aliasing Per Mac Address, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Ethernet VPN (EVPN) is a standards-based technology that uses the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) control plane to provide scalable Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services over IP or Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks, supporting multi-homing for redundancy and load balancing through default aliasing across Provider Edge (PE) devices sharing a common Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI). While effective for resiliency, current EVPN standards lack the ability to disable aliasing for specific Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, limiting deterministic traffic steering in scenarios such as security or analytics functions that require all traffic for a given MAC to traverse a single …


Women In The Construction Skilled Trades: Career Progression, Challenges, And Motivational Factors, Richard Hannah, Andrew Parzyck, Andrea Janzen, Amanda Portinari Oct 2025

Women In The Construction Skilled Trades: Career Progression, Challenges, And Motivational Factors, Richard Hannah, Andrew Parzyck, Andrea Janzen, Amanda Portinari

Engaged Management ReView

Women remain significantly underrepresented in the construction industry, particularly in the skilled trades. Through qualitative exploratory interviews with six women, this study investigates the career trajectories, worksite barriers, and motivational influences shaping women’s experiences in the construction skilled trades. The research is framed using Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space theory and expectancy-value theory (EVT) to explore how career stages and career value affect women’s experiences. Participants described gender bias, limited mentorship, and restricted advancement opportunities as primary challenges. This study highlights the need for industry-led initiatives to increase early exposure to trades, improve mentorship and sponsorship programs, and create structured pathways …


Examining Ethical Implications Regarding Biologically Assigned Males At Birth Participating In Athletics With Biologically Assigned Females At Birth: Transgender Sport Through The Lens Of Macintyre's Three Rival Versions Of Moral Enquiry, Jana J. Espy M.S., Kirk G. Mensch Phds Oct 2025

Examining Ethical Implications Regarding Biologically Assigned Males At Birth Participating In Athletics With Biologically Assigned Females At Birth: Transgender Sport Through The Lens Of Macintyre's Three Rival Versions Of Moral Enquiry, Jana J. Espy M.S., Kirk G. Mensch Phds

Journal of Religion and Business Ethics

This article investigates transgender participation in athletics and the ethical implications of competing in sport emphasizing divergent categories regarding biological sex at birth in comparison to arguments based on gender identity preference. We examine this topic utilizing MacIntyre’s Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry, highlighting competing and often incommensurate narratives within collegiate sport. We also elucidate concerns about the possibility of increased risk related to Bandura’s Moral Disengagement and associated harmful effects that could result in athletes and others who might disengage from their own moral self-sanctions to conform to a narrative or opinion incommensurate with their philosophical or …


Cover Panel And Bracket Strategy For Under Ip Electronic Modules, Anonymous Oct 2025

Cover Panel And Bracket Strategy For Under Ip Electronic Modules, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

When having electronic modules its physical location is a significant consideration, for the under IP (Instrument Panel) module, it is installed in the dash and cowl zone, an area that positions it within the "kick zone" of the co-pilot's foot. This exposure creates vulnerability, as the module could be inadvertently impacted or damaged. New Approach This new solution was driven by several key objectives: primarily, to ensure the robust protection of the module from potential damage due to its exposed location. Additionally, the design aimed to simplify the installation process and enhance the overall serviceability of the module, making maintenance …


Modular Input/Output Port Adapter For Electronic Module, Manigandan Boopalan, Prashanth Pavithran, Joel Richard Goergen Oct 2025

Modular Input/Output Port Adapter For Electronic Module, Manigandan Boopalan, Prashanth Pavithran, Joel Richard Goergen

Defensive Publications Series

A modular input/output port adapter is presented herein that provides for the ability to offload an input/output port from an electronic module, such as a router, to improve the use of physical space of the electronic module, balancing functional requirements with operational efficiency and customer value. In particular, the modular input/output port adapter leverages an underutilized input/output port to enhance port density and system performance of the electronic module.


Comparing Hbs Haplotypes Identified With Different Sets Of Snps: An Analysis In A Sample Of Hbas And Hbss Individuals From São Tomé E Príncipe, Licínio Manco, Inês Salgado, Sara Miguel Almeida, Celeste Bento Oct 2025

Comparing Hbs Haplotypes Identified With Different Sets Of Snps: An Analysis In A Sample Of Hbas And Hbss Individuals From São Tomé E Príncipe, Licínio Manco, Inês Salgado, Sara Miguel Almeida, Celeste Bento

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) occurs in individuals who are homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) allele. The haplotypes of the HbS alleles can be traditionally ascertained through the analysis of five to eight informative restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the HBB gene cluster, defining the five major HbS haplotypes, commonly referred to as Bantu or Central African Republic (BAN/CAR), Benin (BEN), Cameroon (CAM), Senegal (SEN), and Arab-Indian (AI). In a recent study, it was suggested that four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—rs3834466, rs28440105, rs10128556, and rs968857—are sufficient to characterize most of the HbS haplotypes. In the present study, we investigated the …