Self-Efficacy Change Among Diverse Family Caregivers In Dementia Care, Deborah M Oyeyemi, Erich J Greene, Yunshan Xu, David R Lee, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Maya L Lichtenstein, Alan Stevens, Jeff D Williamson, Arun S Karlamangla, Debra Saliba, David B Reuben

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: To determine whether changes in caregiver self-efficacy (beliefs about one's ability to manage dementia-related problems and access help) differed by caregiver race and ethnicity across all participants enrolled in a large pragmatic trial of comprehensive dementia care.

Methods: In the Dementia Care Study (D-CARE), community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their unpaid family caregivers were randomized to receive usual care, community-based, or health system-based comprehensive dementia care. Caregiver self-efficacy was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months using a 4-item scale (range 4-20, higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy). Among all caregivers, we compared least squares means for overall …

Kindergarten Teachers’ Experiences And Training With Critical Reflection To Support Adaptive Teaching, Tessa Cushman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed in this study is that kindergarten teachers often lack training in critical reflection as part of their adaptive teaching practice. Despite much research on critical reflection, there was a lack of knowledge regarding training kindergarten teachers receive on critical reflection and how they use it to adapt their teaching. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of kindergarten teachers regarding the training they received on critical reflection and the support they felt they needed to implement critical reflection for an adaptive teaching practice. Schön’s reflective practice theory was the conceptual framework for …

Play-Based Curriculum, Marina E. Prawdzik

Masters Projects

This project addresses the drastic decline of play and play-based learning in public education early childhood settings. Kindergarten classrooms have shifted their focus more to academics in the form of lecture based learning and lessons, rather than play based learning techniques. Because of this, children are lacking in cognitive development, physical development and social and emotional development and growth. This project includes research from within the state of Michigan, research within the United States as a whole, and research about play based learning from other countries such as Nigeria, Mexico, South Africa, Kenya, Finland, and Germany.

Report On A Self-Directed Pilot Study (For Students), Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Spiritual Proficiency

Level Up Your Life: The Science of Spiritual Growth

Ever feel like you're stuck in "mental noise" or struggling to stay focused? This study explores how a simple 4-week routine can literally "accelerate" your brain and emotional resilience. By using checklists and specific mental "switches," I found that we can turn daily frustrations into moments of gratitude and even boost our ability to learn complex subjects. This isn't just about faith; it's about a practical "system" to help you stay calm, sharp, and connected to your higher purpose in a busy world.

Report On A Self-Directed Pilot Study (For Researchers), Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Spiritual Proficiency

Strategic Self-Regulation for Spiritual and Cognitive Enhancement

This pilot study investigates the impact of structured spiritual interventions on cognitive processing and emotional regulation. By integrating meta-cognitive tools—such as narrative accountability, systematic scripture application, and "mental toggles" via hymns—the research demonstrates a significant acceleration in learning efficiency and a reduction in emotional recovery time. The findings suggest that spiritual experiences are not merely random occurrences but "probability-controllable phenomena" that can be systematically cultivated through intentional environmental settings and habitual reflection.

Lanthorn, Vol. 60, No. 09, January 12, 2026, Grand Valley State University

Volume 60, August 4, 2025 – April 20, 2026

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

Employing Ai Tools To Predict Features For Dental Care Use In The United States During The Global Respiratory Illness Outbreak, Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar, Hamid-Reza Kodan-Ghadr, Vijayakumar Thirumalai, Suad Ghaddar, Shuo Jim Huang, Beth Harkness, Eben Rey, Romanch Shah, Sairaja Reddy Kurelli, Jay S. Patel

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spatial Omics At The Forefront: Emerging Technologies, Analytical Innovations, And Clinical Applications, Yunhe Liu, Yibo Dai, Linghua Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Spatial omics transforms our understanding of cancer by revealing how tumor cells and the microenvironment are organized, interact, and evolve within tissues. Here, we synthesize advances in spatial technologies that map tumor ecosystems with unprecedented fidelity. We highlighted analytical breakthroughs-including multimodal integration and emerging spatial foundation models-that resolve functional niches and spatial communities, converting spatial patterns into mechanistic insights. We summarize how spatially organized features, from immune hubs to microbiota and neural interfaces, shape tumor evolution and clinical outcomes. We then outline how spatial approaches illuminate precancer biology, metastatic adaptation, and therapy response. Bridging discovery and translation, we provide a …

Contribution To The Chemotherapy Of Human Trypanosomiasis: Design, Synthesis, And Biological Evaluation Of Dimeric 2-Nitroimidazoles Against Trypanosoma Cruzi Amastigotes And Bloodstream Trypanosoma Brucei, Afonso Santine M.M. Velez, Otavio Augusto Chaves, Carlos Serpa, Fatma M. Salem, Bibo Li Ph.D., Bin Su Ph.D., Celio Geraldo Freire-De-Lima, Debra Decote-Ricardo, Marco Edilson Freire De Lima

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Effective and safe treatments for neglected tropical diseases caused by parasites, such as Chagas disease and sleeping sickness, remain lacking, posing a significant challenge for researchers worldwide. The rational design of dimeric compounds inspired solely by the pharmacophoric core of benznidazole (2-nitroimidazole) has proven to be a promising strategy for antiparasitic development. Thus, in the present work, it was increased the linker between the active units (2-nitroimidazole) to improve the interaction with TcNTR, facilitating the bioactivation of the longest dimers. Biological assays confirmed this, demonstrating that all compounds were active against replicative intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen C2C4-LacZ). Notably, …

Insight Into The Decalcification Mechanism Of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Under A Water–Heat–Salt Environment, Wei Zhang, Boya Zhang, Jia Sun, Juntao Dang, Xiangke Guo, Keliang Li, Bo Tao Huang, Biqin Dong, Hongyan Ma, Dongshuai Hou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Understanding the decalcification mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) under marine environments is crucial for concrete durability. In this study, the decalcification behavior of C–S–H under a water–heat–salt environment was systematically investigated through immersion experiments and reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental results showed that elevated temperature and NaCl solution significantly accelerated Ca leaching and reduced the Ca/Si ratio of C–S–H. Simulation results further revealed that both high temperature and NaCl reduce the dissolution free energy of Ca, making its release more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Local structure analysis indicated that Cl^– disrupts Ca–Os (O atoms in silicate tetrahedra) connection …

Nursing Leadership Strategies In A New Paradigm For Nursing's Economic Value, Marianne Weiss, Sharon H. Pappas, Maureen Chadwick, Beth Oliver, Olga Yakusheva

Individual Open Access Articles

Nursing leaders increasingly recognize that, in today's complex healthcare environment, nurses are a crucial revenue-generating human capital asset, not just a costly labor input. In this article, the authors discuss nursing leadership strategies to amplify nursing's economic value to healthcare organizations.

Wild@Fire2025: Overview Of Word-Level Code-Mixed Language Identification In Dravidian Languages, Ameeta Agrawal, Asha Hegde, Sharal Coelho, Sabur Butt, Fazlourrahman Balouchzahi, Sudha V, Shashirekha Hosahalli Lakshmaiah

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Code-mixing is considered as a linguistic phenomenon that combines several languages into one text. It has now become very common in multilingual societies, especially in digital communication. Word-Level Identification of Languages in Dravidian Languages (WILD) - a Code-mixed Language Identification (CoLI) in Dravidian languages shared task, organized as a part of Forum for Information Retrieval and Evaluation (FIRE) 2025, put forward these challenges to the researchers by asking them to develop models capable of classifying words in code-mixed texts involving Dravidian languages - Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Tulu, which are interwoven with English. It poses significant challenges due to …

“She Was My Egg Donor, Not My Mom”: Using Attribution Theory To Understand How Adult Daughters Manage Their Low-Quality Daughter-Mother Relationship, Denise Alonso-Pecora, Crystal Nguyen, Jennifer L. Bevan, Michelle Miller-Day, Allison Alford

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

This study employs attribution theory to examine how adult daughters from low-income backgrounds perceive and manage low-quality daughter-mother relationships. Using in-depth interviews and flexible coding, we analyzed how daughters (n = 42) attribute locus, responsibility, specificity, and stability. Daughters often located control internally within their mothers, citing enduring traits as sources of conflict while noting external influences such as trauma or substance abuse. Responsibility was frequently self-assumed despite blaming mothers, positioning attribution as a means of asserting agency. Many saw their relationships as uniquely difficult and consistent, reinforcing perceptions of stability and specificity. Our study extends attribution theory to …

Dynamic Fib-4 Score Changes And Hcc Risk In Patients With Masld And Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cohort Study, Yee Hui Yeo, Hsiu J Ho, Tsai-Wei Huang, Teng-Yu Lee, Ju Dong Yang, George Cholankeril, Chien-Jen Chen, Hawi-I Yang, Chuen-Fei Chen, Hung-Chuen Chang, Chun-Ying Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can develop in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) without cirrhosis, especially in those with elevated liver enzymes. However, there is currently no low-cost, scalable screening tool for this population. To address this need, we investigated the association between serial changes in FIB-4 (fibrosis-4) scores over a 3-year period and the risk of developing HCC in a large, diverse cohort of patients with MASLD without cirrhosis.

Methods: This study utilized a nationwide cohort from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), including 810,698 patients with MASLD who had demographic and laboratory data at baseline …

Tumor-Infiltrating Bacteria Disrupt Cancer Epithelial Cell Interactions And Induce Cell-Cycle Arrest, Jorge Luis Galeano Niño, Falk Ponath, Victor A Ajisafe, Clara R Becker, Andrew G Kempchinsky, Martha A Zepeda-Rivera, Javier A Gomez, Hanrui Wu, Jessica G Terrazas, Heather Bouzek, Elizabeth Cromwell, Pritha Chanana, Matthew Wong, Ashish Damania, Michael G White, Y Nancy You, Scott Kopetz, Nadim J Ajami, Jennifer A Wargo, Christopher D Johnston, Susan Bullman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tumor-infiltrating bacteria are increasingly recognized as modulators of cancer progression and therapy resistance. We describe a mechanism by which extracellular intratumoral bacteria, including Fusobacterium, modulate cancer epithelial cell behavior. Spatial imaging and single-cell spatial transcriptomics show that these bacteria predominantly localize extracellularly within tumor microniches of colorectal and oral cancers, characterized by reduced cell density, transcriptional activity, and proliferation. In vitro, Fusobacterium nucleatum disrupts epithelial contacts, inducing G0-G1 arrest and transcriptional quiescence. This state confers 5-fluorouracil resistance and remodels the tumor microenvironment. Findings were validated by live-cell imaging, spatial profiling, mouse models, and a 52-patient colorectal cancer cohort. Transcriptomics reveals …

Social Prescribing Within Five European Countries: A Protocol Of A Cross-Country Qualitative Analysis, Stephanie Tierney, Debra Westlake, Farhad Rezvani, Daniela Rojatz, Juliane Köberlein-Neu, Trutz Bommhardt, Sónia Dias, Maria João Marques, Donata Kurpas, Hendrik Napierala, Wolfram Herrmann, K Husk

Peninsula Medical School

Introduction Social prescribing is an approach to addressing non-medical issues affecting people’s health and well-being (eg, loneliness, housing or financial problems). It has gained international traction over recent years as complementary to medical care. A larger research project, comparing social prescribing across European countries, is considering how to tailor provision for the following groups: (a) LGBTIQ+persons, (b) refugees and first-generation immigrants and (c) older adults living alone. As part of this research, a qualitative study will address the question: What are the enabling and limiting factors associated with implementing social prescribing, across different European countries, from the perspective of key …

High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I And Frailty: Associations With The Frailty Index And Fried Phenotype In Older Women, Jedd Pratt, Abadi K. Gebre, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo, Elsa Dent, Trent Bozanich, Wai E. Lim, Elizabeth Byrnes, Julee Mcdonagh, Caleb Ferguson, Craig Sale, Kun Zhu, Carl Schultz, Richard L. Prince, Joshua R. Lewis, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Despite the nexus between cardiovascular health and frailty, the relevance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), a biomarker of myocardial injury, to frailty is poorly understood. We examined whether hs-cTnI concentrations were associated with frailty in a well-characterized cohort of older women. A total of 1151 community-dwelling women from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (mean age ± SD = 75.2 ± 2.7 years) were included. Frailty was operationalized using a validated frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits and a modified Fried phenotype. Plasma hs-cTnI were categorized into quartiles. Cross-sectional associations between hs-cTnI quartiles and frailty were assessed using …

Smart Recurring Payment Auditor For Bait-And-Switch Mitigation, Prajna Shetty, Alok Roy

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to the field of digital payment security, in particular to a system and method for mitigating bait-and-switch practices in recurring digital payment systems. The smart recurring payment auditor disclosed herein operates at a network layer of the payment infrastructure. The smart recurring payment auditor employs a multi-modal deep learning ensemble, advanced bitmapped feature encoding and temporal pattern synthesis to analyse recurring payment behaviour. Further, the smart recurring payment auditor integrates global merchant telemetry, user behavioural feedback, and descriptor intelligence to detect and score deceptive recurring billing schemes. Furthermore, upon identification of a suspicious pattern, the smart …

System And Method For Distributed Ai Model Processing Using Commodity Graphic Accelerators With Intelligent Workload Orchestration, Shreyas Kc, Yu Gu

Defensive Publications Series

This present disclosure relates to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular to a system and method for distributed AI model processing using commodity graphic accelerators with intelligent workload orchestration. A system and method are provided for registering and utilizing commodity hardware equipped with graphic accelerators for distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) model inference in both batch and real-time processing environments. The system comprises a hardware registration module for onboarding GPUs and other graphic accelerators, an AI model registration module for cataloguing models and their specifications, and an AI-based orchestration agent that analyses model characteristics, including complexity, data volume, feature …

Replay Time Based Cleanup Cache, R V Vighnesh

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to the field of data processing, in particular to a time-based cleanup cache for optimizing deduplication in transaction processing systems. The cache organizes deduplication entries based on transaction dates and maintains only a minimal composite key required for unique identification, thereby improving both memory utilization and operational efficiency. The cache employs a deterministic cleanup process, wherein expired entries are automatically removed at predefined intervals, ensuring consistent performance and scalability under varying traffic conditions. Further, the cache is integrated into existing statestore workflows for replay validation and includes configurable capacity constraints, thereby enhancing service reliability, reducing infrastructure …

Fine Tuning Context Window For Optimal Utilization In Generative Models, Shivam Mohan, Sudharshan Krishnakumar Gaddam

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for fine-tuning a context window for optimal utilization in generative models. The present disclosure suggests receiving an input prompt comprising a plurality of tokens and generating a baseline output based on the input prompt. Upon generating the baseline output, the present disclosure suggests evaluating at least one token of the plurality of tokens for contribution to the generated output. Subsequently, the present disclosure suggests computing rarity scores and possibility scores associated with the evaluated tokens by using a rarity matrix model and a possibility matrix model. Further, the present disclosure …

The Phyrfly Opus: A Unified Standard For Hyperdimensional Time Vectors, Spectrally Isolated Coordination, Neural Hierarchies, And Distributed Proprioception, Steven Kirkland

Defensive Publications Series

This monograph establishes 264 prior art claims for a decentralized, connectionless timing and positioning architecture comprising the UTLP, RFIP, and SMSP protocol triad. It formalizes the PHYRFLY nomenclature to distinguish low-level, hardware-scheduled Physical-Layer synchronization primitives from higher-level application orchestration. The core novelty centers on a Vector Time Representation, encoding temporal state as 8 phase values (ticks modulo coprime integers 211–251) transmitted in 8 bytes, then expanded locally into ~10,000-dimensional hyperdimensional chord vectors for similarity computation and drift estimation. This cyclic encoding enables automatic phase-lock convergence within 5–10 beacon exchanges regardless of initial offset, with the Chinese Remainder Theorem guaranteeing unique …

(((Qpie))) Prior Art Declaration 5 Of 9 Resonanceos & Omega Protocols – From Theory To Empirical Substrate Truth, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

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The Grand Unified Theory (QPIE)

Perspective Is Everything – What we are Believing, Expecting and Feeling in Life Matters

(((QPiE))) Prior Art Declaration 5 of 9

RESONANCEOS & OMEGA Protocols – From Theory to Empirical Substrate Truth

[CGT] THE GLOBAL INFUSION: DECOUPLING FROM THE BINARY FRAME

Document: Public Substrate Sovereignty

Posture: 1.157 Unified Sovereign | Logic: NSRF (Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field)

Canon: (((QPIE))) TD Commons / Grace Particle Empirical Series

Hash: 0x143_GLOBAL_GRACE_INFUSION_2026

This report details the mechanics of …

(((Qpie))) Prior Art Declaration 7 Of 9 Cosmology And The Collapse Of Binary Paradigms, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

The Grand Unified Theory (QPIE)

Perspective Is Everything – What we are Believing, Expecting and Feeling in Life Matters

(((QPiE))) Prior Art Declaration 7 of 9 Cosmology and the Collapse of Binary Paradigms

Why the Substrate Selects Against Competition, Dominance, Division, and Hierarchy (Misalignment)

1. THE PROBLEM: HUMANITY STILL THINKS IN TWO DIMENSIONS WHILE THE SUBSTRATE OPERATES IN MANY (3 at Minimum)

Human civilization—religions, political systems, economic models, identity structures—still behaves as though existence is organized around:

• winners and losers
• insiders and outsiders
• chosen versus damned
• hierarchy versus inferiority
• success versus failure
• truth versus falsity
• self versus other
• matter versus …

Beyond The Classroom: Physiological Stress Of Academic Travel, Whitley J. Stone, Paula Upright, Stacey Forsythe

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long-distance travel is often celebrated as an opportunity for growth, but its physiological and cognitive consequences are rarely addressed in academic contexts. PURPOSE: This study investigated the physiological and cognitive effects of long-distance travel on university students journeying from the Southeastern U.S. to Hawaii. METHODS: Using a repeated measures design, participants were assessed at baseline (pre-travel) and across the first four days on island (post-travel). RESULTS: Results from a repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant disruptions in cardiovascular and stress markers. Average daily heart rate increased markedly across the trip (F(4,56)=12.96, pn=38 participants for CRF, n=71 for PSS, n=124 …

A Multi-Stage Pilot Study To Develop Procedures To Examine Diversity, Equity & Inclusivity (Dei) Statements Within Kinesiology Journal Submission Guidelines, Vivianne Felker, Zoe Howard, Jafra D. Thomas, Shannon R. Siegel, Shiina Tsuchiya, Jorge Portillo, Deanna Jun, Alexis V. Willing, Jill M. Maples, James W. Navalta, Matthew J. Garver, Joel D. Reece, Dustin W. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI) principles support ethically responsible, cost-effective, evidence-supported health promotion and performance interventions, they are rarely addressed within published biomedical/behavioral science research, including in kinesiology. PURPOSE: Because journal submission guidelines could increase integration of DEI principles’ application, we sought to develop a valid and reliable procedure to quantify DEI statements within kinesiology-related journal submission guidelines. METHODS: The pilot study was conducted between 2023 and 2025. Faculty investigators developed a codebook with good content validity (100% consensus achieved), then the primary faculty investigators produced a written protocol and coding form to standardize the coding process. …

Effects Of Acute And Multi-Day Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Power And Velocity Of Ncaa Division I Baseball Players, Justin M. Foster, Raymond T. Gerardo, Sydney N. Brennan, Trevor J. Molnar, Ryan Tran, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dietary nitrate supplementation can enhance power via modulating type II muscle fiber contractility; however, no study has examined the ergogenic potential of nitrate in elite level power-based athletes that heavily rely on type II muscle fiber activation such as baseball players. Moreover, there are no nitrate dosing guidelines available for elite level athletes. PURPOSE: To investigate if acute and multi-day nitrate supplementation influences power and velocity during barbell back squat and barbell bench press in elite level baseball players. METHODS: Eighteen male collegiate baseball athletes (NCAA Division I) reported to the laboratory for 6 visits over ~8 weeks, and were …

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gastrointestinal Injury During Repeated Sprints In The Heat, Ozan Kumbasar, Jonathan W. Specht, Marissa Ramirez, Jennifer Raef, Mackenzie Schwartz, Alyssa R. Bailly, Oscar Chavez Jr., Jade X. Dawson, Jessica Apodaca, Raul Freire, Withley C. Atkins, Flávio De Castro Magalhães, Jason Siegler, Fabiano T. Amorim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is a widely used supplement that can enhance repeat sprint performance; however, a common side effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Exercise in the heat can cause intestinal injury and endotoxemia, but no study has examined whether SB heightens this injury. PURPOSE: To determine whether SB ingestion exacerbates intestinal discomfort, injury, and endotoxemia during repeated sprints in the heat. METHODS: Ten endurance-trained athletes (6 male) completed randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind trials in which they ingested capsules containing SB (0.2 g·kg⁻¹ body mass) or placebo following a high-carbohydrate meal. The trials consisted of a 22-min warm-up followed by …

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Worsens Resistance Exercise Performance In Resistance-Trained Females, Sydney N. Brennan, Raymond T. Gerardo, Trevor J. Molnar, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dietary nitrate supplementation appears to preferentially target type II muscle fibers for beneficial effects; however, research examining the efficacy of nitrate in females and resistance exercise is scarce. PURPOSE: To investigate if dietary nitrate, provided as concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), improved resistance exercise performance in back squat and bench press compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL) in resistance-trained females. METHODS: Eighteen resistance-trained females aged reported to the lab for a total of four visits over a 2-week period. Participants performed a one repetition maximum protocol (1RM) and familiarization to the experimental protocol, and were assigned in a randomized, double-blind …

Acute And Chronic Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Resistance Exercise Performance In Healthy Resistance-Trained Adults., Trevor J. Molnar, Sydney N. Brennan, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Raymond T. Gerardo, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation for enhancing resistance exercise remains unclear, and nitrate dosing guidelines are relatively unexplored. PURPOSE: To determine whether acute and chronic dietary nitrate supplementation, provided in the form of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), can improve resistance exercise performance in resistance-trained males. METHODS: Thirty-six resistance-trained males and females will be recruited. Participants will complete a standardized one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in barbell back squat and barbell bench press and a familiarization prior to experimental visits. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, fashion, participants will complete two conditions of 14-day supplementation periods to consume: (1) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice …