Digital Commons Network^™

Did A.T. Still, Do, Have An Md Degree?, David B. Fuller

PCOM Scholarly Works

A.T. Still, DO (1828–1917), founder of osteopathic medicine, was a licensed physician practicing in late 19th- and early 20th-century America. Although many assume he held an MD degree, the reality is more complex. Examining whether Dr. Still earned an MD degree provides important insight into the origins of osteopathic medicine and the profession that followed.

Comparative Judicial Enforcement, Rosa Hayes, Angela Hefti

Washington Law Review

Almost immediately upon his second inauguration, President Trump took several actions that subvert longstanding norms, contravene long-settled Supreme Court precedent, and disrespect the authority of the coordinate branches to check executive branch excess. The Administration’s actions pose both immediate and long-term challenges to the American constitutional order, with many scholars and citizens believing that the United States is in the midst of a constitutional crisis. At minimum, the Trump Administration’s actions have illuminated sticking points in both functionalist and formalist conceptions of the separation of powers. For this model of shared but distributed power to function, each branch must give …

A Right Without A Remedy: The Court’S Failure To Quantify The Agua Caliente’S Federal Reserved Water Rights, Lauren Block

Washington Law Review

The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians has inhabited the Coachella Valley region since time immemorial. Through a series of 1870s executive orders, the United States government reserved land for the Tribe to establish a permanent home within the bounds of their ancestral homeland. Underlying this permanent home is the Coachella Valley aquifer, a groundwater source that has been in a continuous state of overdraft for decades. Against the backdrop of climate change, water scarcity, and other concerns, the Tribe sued Coachella Valley’s water management agencies in 2013, alleging the Tribe owned a portion of the water in the aquifer …

City Of La Voters' Preferences In Mayoral Race - March 2026 La Voter Poll, Thomas And Dorothy Leavey Center For The Study Of Los Angeles

StudyLA Data Briefs

ABOUT THIS STUDY

The (March 2026) LA Voter Poll conducted by StudyLA involved a 20 minute online survey of 958 registered voters in LA County. The survey was conducted in English and Spanish between February 11th and March 16th, 2026 and respondents were asked a range of questions concerning Los Angeles and governance reform.

ABOUT THIS REPORT

Survey results are presented in two sections: (1) toplines, or total responses for each question and (2) crosstabs, or all questions crossed by major demographics. The following report presents data pertaining to all substantive questions. This survey was made possible through a generous …

The Illusion Of Causality In Llms: A Developmentally Grounded Analysis Of Semantic Scaffolding And Benchmark–Capability Mismatches, Daisuke Akiba

Publications and Research

Recent benchmarks increasingly report that large language models (LLMs) exhibit human-like causal reasoning abilities, including counterfactual inference and intervention planning. However, many such evaluations rely on domains that are heavily represented in training data and embed strong semantic cues, raising the possibility that apparent causal competence may reflect semantic pattern recombination rather than structure-sensitive causal reasoning. Drawing on human developmental theories of causal induction, this perspective argues that genuine causal understanding requires robustness to novelty and reliance on conditional structure rather than semantic familiarity. To illustrate the testability of this claim, the paper includes a pilot demonstration using synthetic causal …

Cataclysm Within The Court: The Bosnian Genocide Case And Its Implications On Historical Understanding Of Calamity, Alexandria Currier

The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Bosnian Genocide remains one of the most challenging cases within the history of modern conflict and calamity. As the first occurrence in which the International Court of Justice applied the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to a state, the International Court of Justice's legal proceedings on the Bosnian Genocide set a new standard for the obligations of the international community to act in the occurrence of genocide. This research aims to clarify the nature of the 1992-1995 conflict between the nations of Serbia-Montenegro and Bosnia-Herzegovina using primary source documentation, modern commentary, and the …

In The Miery Swamp: Metacomet And Memory, Allison Rose, Marianne Holdzkom

The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research

Abstract for “In the Miery Swamp: Metacomet and Memory”, written by Allison Rose and sponsored by Dr. Marianne Holdzkom

Memorials have become omnipresent ties to our communal past. Plaques and dedications materialize in our town squares. Statues loom over our city parks. Monuments tower over our cemeteries. A large issue facing public historians today is the disconnect between the original intent of public memorials and the collective representation of diverse histories. “In the Miery Swamp: Metacomet and Memory” addresses how interactions with the public alter and transform four public memorials. Through a chronological and historical analysis of four monuments to …

Less Fisher More Doe: Non-Testimonial Mental Content And A New Rule For Unlocking Digital Devices, Jordan Wallace-Wolf

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Roughly fifteen years ago, courts started to regularly confront a fact pattern that I refer to as the unlocking scenario. In this kind of case, the government seeks evidence on a criminal defendant’s digital device, but it cannot access it due to a sufficiently strong system of password protection or encryption. May the government compel the defendant to unlock the device, or would this compulsion make the defendant “a witness against himself”?

Courts gave different answers to this question right from the start, but their answers have started to diverge even more markedly in recent years, notwithstanding two formative papers …

Does Article I Of The Constitution Prohibit The States From Creating Their Own Cryptocurrencies?, Kevin Fontenot

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

The market for cryptocurrency (crypto) has exploded in size since the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was created in 2009. As of September 4, 2024, the value of all existing cryptocurrency was $2.02 trillion. On November 14, 2024, this value reached a high of $3.2 trillion, apparently in response to the election of pro-crypto President Donald Trump. Despite the fact that cryptocurrencies have been at the forefront of many high profile scandals, consumers still flock to them. For example, celebrities including Hailey Welch (colloquially known as “Hawk Tuah girl”), Logan Paul, and Jason Derulo have been criticized for allegedly goading consumers into …

Confronting Imitation: Questioning Fair Use After Warhol, Genevieve Stegner-Freitag

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

The Constitution’s Intellectual Property Clause (IP Clause) contains a mandated goal of “progress” for copyright. Efforts to address what progress means move between some understanding it to be a specific Enlightenment-oriented term, progress as a forward-moving, Judeo-Christian ideal, to others viewing the term as strictly economic, understanding the goal of copyright is to get as many different products in the market as possible. Defining what progress means in copyright law is a necessary step, as courts are increasingly considering market forces in granting or denying authorial property rights. This Note addresses what progress means, how imitative art factors in, and …

Beyond Equality To Belonging: The Missing Value In Equal Protection Law Involving Education, Danieli Evans

Washington Law Review

Belonging is a fundamental need without which people cannot function optimally. Accordingly, school belonging—students’ perceptions of mattering or feeling cared about, accepted, respected and valued by faculty, staff, and peers—impacts students’ well-being, academic motivation and outcomes.

Equal Protection jurisprudence governing education largely overlooks the value of school belonging. Instead, it centers on a formal conception of equality, or an “anti-classification” principle, which essentially prohibits purposeful discrimination based on a fixed set of suspect traits. This formalistic “anti-classification” approach permits many policies and practices that undermine students’ sense of school belonging and inhibits schools from taking certain measures to foster belonging. …

The Dual Nature Of Weedy Rice (Oryza Sativa F. Spontanea): From A Noxious Weed To An Important Genetic Resource For Rice Improvement, Rica M. Rentino, Vanessa Sernicula, May O. Palanog, Roselyn G. Alfetche, Dan Michael A. Angay, Francis L. Tejada, Dexter G. Balboa, Shaireen M. Angay, Fatima-Nasra A. Sahadain, Teodora E. Mananghaya, Karl Vincent J. Jose, Liezel C. Llanes, Jonathan M. Niones, Karla Mae R. Nonog, Frodie F. Waing, Leolilo Gramaje, Albert Christian S. Suner, Ommal H. Abdulkadi, Norvie L. Manigbas, Jose E. Hernandez, Alvin D. Palanog

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is becoming a serious threat to rice production in the Philippines, especially in direct-seeding rice areas, owing to its high competitiveness and its similarity to cultivated rice in morphology and ecological requirements. However, weedy rice can be considered both a threat that endangers rice production and an opportunity, as it offers a potential source of novel genes for rice improvement. This study evaluated the extent of weedy rice infestation in direct-seeding areas in the Visayas, measured the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of collected weedy rice ecotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and …

Complex Spin Structure In Co-Trimer-Chain Li2Co3Se4O12, Jie Xing, Feng Ye, Daniel Duong, Sai Mu, Max T. Pan, Rongying Jin

Faculty Publications

Complex magnetic materials are extremely attractive for revealing unconventional spin states and novel magnetic excitations. Here, we report the structural, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of a novel magnetic material Li₂Co₃Se₄O₁₂based on x-ray and neutron diffraction, specific heat, magnetization, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. X-ray and neutron diffraction refinements reveal two Co sites Co (1) and Co (2) even though both are in the octahedral environment. While they are not connected along the b and c directions, these octahedra are edge-shared forming the Co (2) – Co (1) – Co (2) trimer chain …

Mapping Child Care And Early Education Capacity To Needs In Massachusetts, Alan Clayton-Matthews, Christa M. Kelleher, Randy Albelda, Anne Douglass, Laurie Nsiah-Jefferson

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

Massachusetts has made notable strides in expanding access to affordable, quality, licensed child care and early education in recent years. Ongoing robust state investment in the Commonwealth Cares for Children Grant Program, activities of the Healey-Driscoll Inter Agency Early Education and Child Care Task Force, and increased income eligibility for child care financial assistance to families with moderate incomes, among other initiatives, all help address persistent barriers to quality education and care at a price families can afford.

Yet the supply of licensed child care for infants, toddlers, and preschool children remains a formidable challenge to meeting the child care …

Physical And Occupational Therapist Evaluations For Fall Prevention In The Emergency Department: A Geriatric Ed Guidelines 2.0 Systematic Review, Lauren T Southerland, Pedro K Curiati, Richard D Shih, Alexander X Lo, Kristie Harper, Ian Tarnovsky, Alexis Brengartner, Luna Ragsdale, Neha Raukar, Suzanne Ryer, Katherine M Hunold, Fabrice Mowbray, Charles L Maddow, Christopher R Carpenter, Shan W Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Older adults are at high risk for severe injuries and death from falls. Physical therapist (PT) and occupational therapist (OT) evaluations have been introduced into Emergency Department (ED) care to assist with fall risk evaluation and fall prevention care. An evaluation of current evidence was undertaken to inform the Geriatric ED Guidelines 2.0.

Methods: Systematic review of physical and/or occupational therapy evaluation for fall prevention in the ED. The intervention was evaluation by a rehabilitation therapist (PT, OT, or both) for fall prevention, fall assessment, or mitigation of fall risk factors. Studies that did not perform the evaluation during …

Ecology And Life History Of Baleen Whales Inform Climate Change Vulnerabilities And Priorities For Future Monitoring, Lesley H. Thorne, Erin L. Meyer-Gutbrod

Faculty Publications

Baleen whales are key consumers in marine habitats that serve as vectors of nutrients, but their populations have been slow to recover from past commercial whaling due to their low reproductive rates and ongoing anthropogenic threats. Climate impacts have become central to the demography and habitat use of baleen whales, and conservation efforts must account for these impacts to be effective. However, knowledge of baleen whale climate responses is lacking, and current survey effort is insufficient to capture changes in migration and habitat use for many species. Due to their unique combination of ecological and life history characteristics, baleen whales …

Codeultrafeedback: An Llm-As-A-Judge Dataset For Aligning Large Language Models To Coding Preferences, Martin Weyssow, Aton Kamanda, Xin Zhou, Houari Sahraoui

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Evaluating the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with user-defined coding preferences is a challenging endeavor that requires a deep assessment of LLMs' outputs. Existing methods and benchmarks rely primarily on automated metrics and static analysis tools, which often fail to capture the nuances of user instructions and LLM outputs. To address this gap, we introduce the LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation framework and present CodeUltraFeedback, a comprehensive dataset for assessing and improving LLM alignment with coding preferences. CodeUltraFeedback consists of 10,000 coding instructions, each annotated with four responses generated from a diverse pool of 14 LLMs. These responses are annotated using GPT-3.5 …

Plm-Effector: Unleashing The Potential Of Protein Language Models For Bacterial Secreted Protein Prediction, Dandan Zheng, Lihong Chen, Guansong Pang, Jian Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Bacterial secreted proteins, particularly effectors delivered by specialized secretion systems, are key mediators of virulence and host-pathogen interactions. However, accurate computational identification remains challenging, as many existing methods rely heavily on sequence similarity or handcrafted features, and often focus on a single secretion system. Recent studies have reported that some bacterial effectors may be associated with more than one secretion system, highlighting the complexity of secretion system annotation and motivating the development of system-aware computational prediction approaches. Here, we present PLM-Effector, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates modern protein language models (PLMs) with multiple neural architectures via a two-layer …

Navigation Beyond Wayfinding: Robots Collaborating With Visually Impaired Users For Environmental Interactions, Shaojun Cai, Nuwan Janaka, Ashwin Ram, Janidu Shehan, Yingjia Wan, Kotaro Hara, David Hsu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Robotic guidance systems have shown promise in supporting blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals with wayfinding and obstacle avoidance. However, most existing systems assume a clear path and do not support a critical aspect of navigation—environmental interactions that require manipulating objects to enable movement. These interactions are challenging for a human–robot pair because they demand (i) precise localization and manipulation of interaction targets (e.g., pressing elevator buttons) and (ii) dynamic coordination between the user’s and robot’s movements (e.g., pulling out a chair to sit). We present a collaborative human–robot approach that combines our robotic guide dog’s precise sensing and localization …

Private Set Intersection: A Systematic Review, Yunbo Yang, Defan Zhu, Jianting Ning, Qi Feng, Xiaoguo Li, Yuejia Cheng, Guomin Yang, Kui Ren

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Various services, such as search engines, are increasingly deployed in cloud-based and distributed systems. However, data are typically managed by trusted servers, making user privacy and data security critical concerns. Private set intersection (PSI) is a powerful cryptographic primitive that enables multiple parties to compute the intersection of their datasets without revealing private inputs. It has been extensively studied over the past two decades, leading to significant gains in computational and communication efficiency. Yet, in many real-world scenarios, revealing the raw intersection may still leak sensitive information. To address this, numerous PSI variants have been developed to meet different application …

The Space Between Seams, Rachel M. Clarke

School of Art, Art History, and Design: Theses and Student Creative Work

Through the use of form, softly muted colors, and play with transparent materials, I create ethereal drawings and immersive installation experiences. I work with the softness in fabric and the controlled detail in drawing. In doing so, I am enveloping myself in the drive to create, pushing the viewer to be spatially aware of their bodies existing in space.

This body of work exists as I am processing the state of my own body. We engage and perceive the world through our bodies. The fabric panels I create call to the porosity and permeability of human skin. The skin contains …

Engendering Authority: Social Movements, Legitimacy, And Gender, Judith Resnik

UMKC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Working Families In A Riven Political And Moral Economy, Deborah Dinner

UMKC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Is The Fourth Amendment Sexist?, Alexandra Mckee

UMKC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Origin And Future Of Shield Laws, David S. Cohen, Rachel Rebouché

UMKC Law Review

This Essay describes the origin and future of so-called shield laws—novel state legislation designed to protect legal abortion care from out-of-state attack. These laws have facilitated an increase in the number of abortions even in the wake of the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. The Essay, after detailing shield laws’ origins (Part II) and content (Part III), highlights how shield laws have operated and succeeded over the last three years (Part IV) as well as the challenges mounted against shield laws and shield providers (Part V). Although state lawsuits and the possibility …

Law And The Self-Coordinating Market Idea, Sanjukta Paul

University of Chicago Law Review

“This emotional pronouncement of value judgments condemning emotion and value judgments seems to [me] a symptom of a defective sense of humor. The attempt to build a social science on these foundations suggests that the human race, and especially a large proportion of its ‘best minds,’ having at long last (a very long last) found out that the objects of nature are not like human beings—are not actuated by love and hate and caprice and contrariness, and subject to persuasion, cajolery, and threats—have logically inferred that human beings must be like natural objects, and so viewed by the seeker of …

Trademasks, Matthew Sipe

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Parents At The Schoolhouse Gate, Emily Gold Waldman

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Opting Out Of Privacy: United States V. Chatrie And The Erosion Of Fourth Amendment Protections, Chloe H. Iurillo

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Selecting Without Replacement From A Population Of Bands Of Serially Connected Objects, James E. Marengo, Dominick Banasik, Joseph Voelkel, David L. Farnsworth

Articles

The sampling procedure from a finite population of objects that are serially attached into bands is described and analyzed. One object is randomly selected and removed at a time, which results in that object’s band being broken into two bands or shortened by one object. The main result gives the probability of choosing an object that is part of a band of serially connected objects of any specified size at each stage of the selection process.