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Articles 1561 - 1590 of 178271
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Experiences Of Black Francophone Students Entering The United States For Higher Education, Anu Nifemi Ferguson
Experiences Of Black Francophone Students Entering The United States For Higher Education, Anu Nifemi Ferguson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
No abstract provided.
Strengthening Ecological Literacy Through Forest-Themed National Literature: Conservation-Oriented Awareness In Rural Malaysia, Nurul Haniza Samsudin, Nurul Asmaa' Akmal Md Din, Awang Azman Awang Pawi, Mardian Shah Omar, Tengku Intan Marlina Tengku Mohd Ali, Nur Azimah Mohd Bukhari, Akhmad Mansur
Strengthening Ecological Literacy Through Forest-Themed National Literature: Conservation-Oriented Awareness In Rural Malaysia, Nurul Haniza Samsudin, Nurul Asmaa' Akmal Md Din, Awang Azman Awang Pawi, Mardian Shah Omar, Tengku Intan Marlina Tengku Mohd Ali, Nur Azimah Mohd Bukhari, Akhmad Mansur
Forest and Society
This study examines how Malaysian national literature with forest themes may strengthen ecological literacy, conservation ethics, and restoration-oriented consciousness in rural education. Responding to the ecological orientation of Forest and Society, the article shifts the emphasis from literacy restoration as an educational outcome to ecological literacy as a cultural and pedagogical pathway for cultivating environmental awareness, stewardship, and responsibility toward forest environments. Using a descriptive qualitative design and an ecologically oriented literary text analysis approach, the study analyses two Malaysian novels, Seorang Tua di Kaki Gunung by Azizi Haji Abdullah and Kudup Hijau Tropika by Husna Nazri. These texts were …
Navigating Multiple Roles: Communication Strategies Of Indonesian Postgraduate Women In A Patriarchal Collectivist Culture, Shela Kusumaningtyas, Wawan Hadinata, Nur Iman, Yunati Alinda, Adinda Aulia Nurhaliza, Leoni Nindyasari
Navigating Multiple Roles: Communication Strategies Of Indonesian Postgraduate Women In A Patriarchal Collectivist Culture, Shela Kusumaningtyas, Wawan Hadinata, Nur Iman, Yunati Alinda, Adinda Aulia Nurhaliza, Leoni Nindyasari
JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA
This study examines how Indonesian postgraduate women negotiate simultaneous roles as wives, mothers, workers, and students within a patriarchal collectivist culture. Using a qualitative case study with a constructivist orientation, the research focuses on six postgraduate students at the University of Indonesia who were selected through purposive criteria because they simultaneously managed family, work, and academic responsibilities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, limited contextual observation, and supporting documents, and were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding procedures. The findings show that role conflict is experienced not merely as a matter of time management, but as a layered burden …
Human Freedom And God’S Image In Undocumented People, An Nguyen
Human Freedom And God’S Image In Undocumented People, An Nguyen
Obsculta
This article explores the relationship of human freedom in the theological perspective and undocumented immigrants in the United States: how immigrants embody the divine image, Imago Dei, despite legal and social constraints. I will begin with the theological foundation—freedom as a distinguishing characteristic of God’s image in humanity—and analyze the complex nature of freedom as both a divine gift and a human responsibility. Additionally, I will demonstrate that the Church has a special responsibility to recognize and affirm the inherent dignity of undocumented people by drawing from Catholic social teaching, migration studies, and theological anthropology, ultimately calling for pastoral practices …
Called From Within The Community: The Vocation Of Undocumented Hispanic Men To The Diaconate, Anisabel Palma
Called From Within The Community: The Vocation Of Undocumented Hispanic Men To The Diaconate, Anisabel Palma
Obsculta
This paper examines the discernment of undocumented Hispanic men to the diaconate within a diocese facing growing Hispanic populations and a shortage of Spanish-speaking clergy. Using ethnographic research, theological reflection, and historical analysis, it argues that this reality should be discerned not as a pastoral problem but as a response to concrete community needs. Interpreted through four theological perspectives (sacred vocation, divine initiative, unconventional divine choice, and the community-oriented nature of diaconal ministry) the study proposes that welcoming undocumented men into formal discernment and formation for the diaconate constitutes a faithful and ecclesial response to the Church’s mission.
Knowledge, Attitudes And Dispensing Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance And Stewardship: A Comparative National Assessment Among Primary Healthcare Pharmacists In Oman, Mohammed Al Ghafari, Meher Rizvi, Hana Al Ghusaini, Zaima Al Rawahi, Wafa Al Balushi, Manal Al Ghafri, Hamed Al-Qanubi, Zuhair Al Salti, Idris Al Jumaa, Muhammed Rafiq
Knowledge, Attitudes And Dispensing Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance And Stewardship: A Comparative National Assessment Among Primary Healthcare Pharmacists In Oman, Mohammed Al Ghafari, Meher Rizvi, Hana Al Ghusaini, Zaima Al Rawahi, Wafa Al Balushi, Manal Al Ghafri, Hamed Al-Qanubi, Zuhair Al Salti, Idris Al Jumaa, Muhammed Rafiq
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and dispensing practices (KAP) regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among primary healthcare (PHC) pharmacists and assistant pharmacists in Oman. Furthermore, the study sought to compare these parameters across facilities with historically high versus standard antibiotic consumption to identify structural determinants of AMS.
Methods: This national cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC pharmacy staff in February 2025. KAP were assessed via a structured electronic questionnaire. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equation models to identify KAP predictors while accounting for facility-level …
Beyond Autonomy: An Actor-Network Theory Study Of A Solo Exhibition In Indonesia, Rendy Pandita Bastari, Patra Aditia, Ganesha Puspa Nabila
Beyond Autonomy: An Actor-Network Theory Study Of A Solo Exhibition In Indonesia, Rendy Pandita Bastari, Patra Aditia, Ganesha Puspa Nabila
Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya
In many exhibition artists are often perceived as singular and autonomous actors. Departing from the critique of this tendency, this study examines the solo exhibition Toyscapes, After Us by Indonesian artist Hilman Hendarsyah (November 2025) as a case study through the lens of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), in order to understand art exhibition as relational and socio-material practices. This study traces how exhibitions are produced through interaction between human and non-human actors within heterogeneous network. The analysis was conducted by following the actors and mapping processes of problematization, translation, and network stabilization. The findings elucidates that solo exhibition cannot be understood …
Different Dimensions Of Social Support On Social Media And Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intentions Among Chinese College Students Applying The Theory Of Planned Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ni Zhang, Carolyn Madison Chang, Yu Zhang, Lu Guo, Qizhi Xu
Different Dimensions Of Social Support On Social Media And Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intentions Among Chinese College Students Applying The Theory Of Planned Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ni Zhang, Carolyn Madison Chang, Yu Zhang, Lu Guo, Qizhi Xu
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Background:
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation among Chinese college students remains insufficient despite growing public health concerns regarding sedentary lifestyles and obesity. Social media platforms have increasingly become important channels for delivering social support related to physical activity (PA); however, different dimensions of social support on social media may exert distinct psychological influences on exercise intentions.
Objective:
Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between different dimensions of social support on social media and Chinese college students’ intentions to engage in LTPA.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among …
Dancing For Your Ka: Embodied Knowledge In The Ancient Egyptian Funerary Cult, Sydney A. Pickens
Dancing For Your Ka: Embodied Knowledge In The Ancient Egyptian Funerary Cult, Sydney A. Pickens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive
Dancing For Your Ka: Embodied Knowledge in the Ancient Egyptian Funerary Cult investigates the spiritual, cultural and social values and beliefs encoded in processional dances associated with the funerary cult at Beni Hassan. It assumes that, as is other ancient and modern religions, dance is a prayerful act that feeds into reciprocal relationships between humans and spiritual beings and asks what forms of embodied knowledges are archived in Middle Kingdom dance traditions. I propose the application Katherine Dunham’s Theories––Form and Function, Intercultural Communication and Socialization through the Arts––to help illuminate the relationship between dance, the dancing body and ritual knowledge. …
Va Dent J July, August And September 2013
Va Dent J July, August And September 2013
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Toward A Metric For Disciplinary Learning In The Age Of Ai: The Unblooms™ Metacognitive Awareness Scale And Discernment Rate In Ai-Mediated Learning, Tina R. Austin
International Journal of Emerging and Disruptive Innovation in Education : VISIONARIUM
Telling students to “reflect on their own thinking” has become insufficient in AI-mediated learning environments. When students are rewarded for polished outputs, cognitive offloading to AI tools becomes rational, and traditional snapshot assessments (single-moment evaluations of task completion) produce false signals about whether durable learning has occurred. This problem is sharpened by the broader shift in AI learning tools toward Socratic tutors, study modes, Khan Academy's Khanmigo, and agentic systems that can shape the learner’s process over time. Lodge and Loble (2026) distinguish beneficial cognitive offloading, which frees working memory for intrinsic learning, from detrimental outsourcing, which bypasses the cognitive …
About The Contributors
Impact: A Journal of Community and Cultural Inquiry in Education
No abstract provided.
Anti-Racist Teaching Today, Melissa Brooks-Yip
Anti-Racist Teaching Today, Melissa Brooks-Yip
Impact: A Journal of Community and Cultural Inquiry in Education
Anti-racist teaching has a long history in education and there have been recent changes in DEI policy for public education. This article reviews equity-based pedagogies, whiteness in education, racial literacy, and the implications for teacher professional learning moving forward.
Contrasting Disparities Between Desi Populations And The Michigan Healthcare System In The Metro Detroit Atrea, Ramin Areeb
Contrasting Disparities Between Desi Populations And The Michigan Healthcare System In The Metro Detroit Atrea, Ramin Areeb
McNair Scholars Research Journal
This study investigated the healthcare disparities experienced by the Desi population (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Nepali, etc.), ages 18 and higher, in the Metro Detroit area. Despite the ever-growing population of South Asian communities in the United States, research on their interactions with Michigan healthcare remained very limited. The lack of consistent reports, population-specific studies, and overall popularity of the discussion proves this. Using a survey-based methodology, this study collected accounts from participants regarding their healthcare experiences, perceived inequities, and barriers to accessing high-quality medical services. The data then underwent a thematic review to identify recurring patterns, including issues …
Hybrid Offline-To-Real-Time Architecture For Context-Aware Keyword Insertion, Karen Yao, Indu Ramamurthi
Hybrid Offline-To-Real-Time Architecture For Context-Aware Keyword Insertion, Karen Yao, Indu Ramamurthi
Defensive Publications Series
A Hybrid Offline-to-Real-Time Architecture generates context-aware ad copy while meeting the latency constraints of live ad auctions. In an offline phase, a large language model (LLM) analyzes a product catalog to pre-generate ad copy templates that contain semantic placeholders. During the real-time ad auction, a lightweight engine parses a user’s search query to extract contextual intent. The system then selects an appropriate template and injects the extracted intent into the placeholders to assemble the final ad copy. This two-pass approach decouples the computationally intensive LLM generation from the time-sensitive ad serving process, providing the semantic quality of LLM-generated text at …
Beyond Single Images: A Comprehensive Benchmark For Album-Level Vision-Language Understanding, Shawn Huang
Beyond Single Images: A Comprehensive Benchmark For Album-Level Vision-Language Understanding, Shawn Huang
Theses and Dissertations
Automatic album organization has been studied extensively over the past decades due to significant progress in digital photography. Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on multi-image understanding, making them natural candidates for automating album organization workflows. While VLMs’ abilities in multi-image understanding have been widely studied, their performance on album organization remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce AlbumBench, the first comprehensive benchmark for automatic album organization. Specifically, we (1) define album organization tasks as photo selection for album-specific user objectives, photo rating according to how well user intents are fulfilled, and album-specific photo grouping given a …
English For Speakers Of Other Languages Program: Compliance Vs Realities Of Practice, Ana Sofia Rodriguez-Oronoz
English For Speakers Of Other Languages Program: Compliance Vs Realities Of Practice, Ana Sofia Rodriguez-Oronoz
Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios
This research study examined the misalignment between policy compliance and instructional practice within English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) programs in K–12 public education. Although federal and state mandates require equitable access and services for English language learners (ELLs), compliance with these requirements has not consistently resulted in effective classroom practice. The problem of practice focused on how educators interpreted and enacted ESOL policies and the extent to which these practices aligned with the intent of the Multicultural Education, Training, and Advocacy (META) Consent Decree and related accountability frameworks.
A qualitative research design was used to explore educators’ perceptions …
An Ai Perspective On Counseling Supervision, Emily A. Brinck, James L. Soldner, Hung Jen Kuo, Scott A. Sabella, Trenton J. Landon, Charles P. Bernacchio, Elizabeth A. Boland
An Ai Perspective On Counseling Supervision, Emily A. Brinck, James L. Soldner, Hung Jen Kuo, Scott A. Sabella, Trenton J. Landon, Charles P. Bernacchio, Elizabeth A. Boland
Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications
The increased use of technology-assisted distance counseling practices is one result of COVID’s impact on behavioral health, including in counselor education and the delivery of supervision. First, technology-assisted distance supervision needed for “real time” communication grew. Furthermore, there is an emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that have the potential to contribute to aspects of supervision; however, current evidence remains emerging, context-dependent, and at times mixed, warranting cautious interpretation of their effectiveness. The article offers an overview of using AI in clinical supervision, examines the benefits and potential concerns of AI from different perspectives, and considers the significance of using …
Market Channel Preferences And Influencing Factors In The Traditional Rice Enterprise In Abra, Philippines, Kae Ann Marie P. Balingit
Market Channel Preferences And Influencing Factors In The Traditional Rice Enterprise In Abra, Philippines, Kae Ann Marie P. Balingit
Journal of Management for Global Sustainability
This study examines the market channel preferences of traditional rice farmers and traders in Abra, Philippines, and identifies the socio-economic, institutional, and production factors influencing these choices. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 139 respondents through surveys and 52 qualitative interviews. Logistic regression and thematic analysis were employed to explain market behavior. Results show a strong preference for informal, direct-to-consumer channels, driven by immediate cash needs, low transaction costs, and institutional constraints. Production experience and farm scale increase the likelihood of participation in structured markets, while higher production frequency reduces it due to timing and market absorption limitations. …
System Branding In Three Public Libraries: Live Oak Public Libraries, Charlotte Mecklenburg Library, And Richland Library, Patrick Roughen
System Branding In Three Public Libraries: Live Oak Public Libraries, Charlotte Mecklenburg Library, And Richland Library, Patrick Roughen
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
This article examines library catalogs as brand artifacts in the context of two ancient libraries: the Library of Alexandria and the library of the Temple of Horus at Edfu, Egypt. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital and brand theory, this research argues that the catalogs of these two institutions functioned as early branding instruments. The Pinakes, the catalog of the Library of Alexandria, projected a brand of universal knowledge and intellectual prestige, and the inscribed wall catalog at Edfu reflected a brand focused on sacred authority and the sustaining of cosmic order (Ma'at). Together, they illustrate two opposing …
Enhancing Emotional Support For Advanced Placement Students, Laine Mckay Nesbitt
Enhancing Emotional Support For Advanced Placement Students, Laine Mckay Nesbitt
Theses and Dissertations
Although they may struggle with their emotional well-being, academically accelerated students are underrepresented in the research literature. Teachers are in a position to influence students' emotional well-being. Minimal qualitative research with student voices has been conducted. This study highlights the perspectives of students who have participated in an academically accelerated program. Students were interviewed about what their teachers do to help or hinder their emotional well-being and what they wish that teachers could do to support their emotional well-being. A total of 14 high school students were interviewed using the critical incident technique (CIT). The participants emphasized the importance of …
Maternal Perspectives On Support Needs: Insights From The Fonofale Model, Sara Lani Ditto
Maternal Perspectives On Support Needs: Insights From The Fonofale Model, Sara Lani Ditto
Theses and Dissertations
This interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) explored the lived experiences of parents raising children with disabilities in American Samoa. Five participants across two focus groups shared their perspectives on navigating educational, healthcare, and community systems while supporting their children with disabilities. Using the fonofale model as a cultural framework, the study incorporated culturally responsive methodology including card sort activities to facilitate dialogue on potentially sensitive topics. Analysis followed the Nizza et al. (2021) IPA approach, progressing from exploratory notes to experiential statements, clustered themes, and finally overarching themes. Findings revealed four major themes: systemic burden on parents, structural and service gaps, …
Practical Implementation Of Ethnomathematics To Increase The Engagement, Math Self-Efficacy, And Hawaiian Cultural Identity Of HawaiʻI Algebra 2 Students, Kamalani George Mamatuki Kaluhiokalani
Practical Implementation Of Ethnomathematics To Increase The Engagement, Math Self-Efficacy, And Hawaiian Cultural Identity Of HawaiʻI Algebra 2 Students, Kamalani George Mamatuki Kaluhiokalani
Theses and Dissertations
The underrepresentation of Hawaiian cultural practices in mathematics education has contributed to a disconnect between students' cultural identities and their academic experiences, resulting in diminished engagement among Native Hawaiian learners. This design-based research examines the integration of ethnomathematics into high school mathematics curricula, with a focus on Hawaiian cultural practices as frameworks for teaching mathematical concepts. Participants include approximately 100 students in Hawaiʻi from a public school and a private school, as well as two mathematics teachers with varying degrees of experience in culturally responsive pedagogy and ethnomathematics. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study collects data through classroom observations, teacher …
Influence Of Timed Repeated Readings On Grade 2 French Immersion Students' Reading Fluency And Comprehension, Kathryn Rosie Baldwin
Influence Of Timed Repeated Readings On Grade 2 French Immersion Students' Reading Fluency And Comprehension, Kathryn Rosie Baldwin
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the effects of Timed Repeated Reading (TRR) on reading fluency, comprehension, and reading attitudes among second grade students in a French Dual Language Immersion (DLI) program in Utah. Forty-one students from two pre-existing classroom groups participated over 11 weeks, with one class receiving TRR and the other serving as a control. Fluency was measured in correct words per minute (CWPM), comprehension through cloze tests, and attitudes using a seven-item affective survey with a four-point visual scale. A mixed between-within subjects ANOVA analysed pre- and post-test data across four intervals. Results showed significant fluency gains over time for …
Beyond The Bell Curve: Understanding Native American Academic Placements, Sarah-Margaret Clark
Beyond The Bell Curve: Understanding Native American Academic Placements, Sarah-Margaret Clark
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined biases regarding the referrals that teachers make regarding student placement recommendations for Native American students. Special education teachers (n = 97) from around the United States completed a digital card sort task involving 24 fictitious student record cards. The student record cards contained subtle information about the ethnicity of the student, as indicated through the use of racial identification (Native American, Asian, or White) on the student records and the use of student names that may be associated with these three categories. Academic information was equal among each of these three groups. Each group contained identical male …
Urban Indian Parents' Occupational Perceptions Of Play And Governance Of Children's Excessive Screen Time Preferences And Behaviours In This Digital Era, Joanna Priyadarshini Udaykumar, Tony Sam George
Urban Indian Parents' Occupational Perceptions Of Play And Governance Of Children's Excessive Screen Time Preferences And Behaviours In This Digital Era, Joanna Priyadarshini Udaykumar, Tony Sam George
International Journal of Playwork Practice
Abstract
Children’s innate urge to engage in joyous, self-directed, meaningful, iterative activities embodies their unique play experiences and facilitates their holistic development. However, the exponential growth of digital technology in an urbanized world has transformed their social landscape by offering them a plethora of novel play opportunities that ‘pushes children away from the outdoors and pulls them indoors’. Moreover, the radical transition from nature-based recreation to media-centric activity insinuates the surge of a global pandemic characterized by low physical activity, sleep deprivation and sedentary, lifestyle diseases. This emerging trend reflects children’s predilection for videophilia over biophilia due to the dominance …
Teaching Intercultural Communicative Competence (Icc) At The Afl Novice Level: Teachers’ Practices And Constraints, Nancy Fahmy
Teaching Intercultural Communicative Competence (Icc) At The Afl Novice Level: Teachers’ Practices And Constraints, Nancy Fahmy
Theses and Dissertations
Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) is widely recognized as a core objective in language education; however, its implementation in novice-level Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL) classroom remains insufficiently examined. This study explores what strategies do AFL teachers use to integrate ICC principles at the beginner level (A1–A2), the constraints that shape classroom practice, teachers’ assessment approaches, and perceived professional development needs.
Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected through a bilingual (Arabic–English) online survey completed by 54 AFL teachers working across instructional contexts in Egypt, Jordan, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Qualitative data were subsequently gathered …
Fragile Hope And The Cultural Life Of Law, Shefali Jain
Fragile Hope And The Cultural Life Of Law, Shefali Jain
Socio-Legal Review
This review of Sandhya Fuchs’ Fragile Hope: Seeking Justice for Hate Crimes in India (Stanford University Press 2024) highlights that the book makes a genuinely original ethnographic and conceptual contribution to caste studies and hate crime scholarship. At the same time, the essay argues that there are three limitations to its framework that require greater engagement: the book’s failure to engage with the legal consciousness tradition in socio-legal scholarship, an underdeveloped account of “legal meliorism,” and an unresolved tension between the book’s stated commitment to victim-centred analysis and its ethnographic evidence that frequently discusses movement-level aspirations.
Artificial Intelligence For Deep Earth Science: Key Challenges, Major Application Scenarios And Development Pathways, Qingyun Di, Liang Zhao, Yikang Zheng, Zhi Geng, Zhichao Yu, Xiaocai Shan, Chao Li, Zhiyao Xu, Pengfei Lv
Artificial Intelligence For Deep Earth Science: Key Challenges, Major Application Scenarios And Development Pathways, Qingyun Di, Liang Zhao, Yikang Zheng, Zhi Geng, Zhichao Yu, Xiaocai Shan, Chao Li, Zhiyao Xu, Pengfei Lv
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Deep Earth science is central to understanding Earth’s internal architecture and the coupled evolution of its major spheres, while also underpinning energy security, the supply of critical mineral resources, and resilience to major geohazards. Nevertheless, the advancement of deep Earth science is currently hindered by insufficient in situ observations under extreme conditions, the difficulty of integrating multi-source heterogeneous data, and the limited capability to model complex multiphysics coupling processes. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offer a potential route beyond these limitations. By integrating data-driven learning with physical and geological understanding, AI is reshaping deep Earth science from empirical interpretation to …
Effects Of A Peer Mentoring Program For Adolescent Newcomers On Feelings Of Peer Connectedness And School Belonging, Eden Elizabeth Moon Barnhill
Effects Of A Peer Mentoring Program For Adolescent Newcomers On Feelings Of Peer Connectedness And School Belonging, Eden Elizabeth Moon Barnhill
Theses and Dissertations
There is a significant lack of empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of peer mentoring to support newcomer students, particularly for refugee populations. This study evaluated the effects of a peer mentor program for newcomer students on their feelings of peer connectedness and school belonging in a high school setting. Participants were made up of 15 newcomer student mentees across three high schools. Measures were administered pre- and post-intervention, and participants were also interviewed about their experience. Results indicated no quantitative findings of significance but did yield a small positive effect size for peer connectedness. According to qualitative data, many participants …