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The Impact Of Low Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass In The Development Of Insulin Resistance And Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Ella Boston

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Chronic conditions are the leading cause of death and disability. More specifically, cardio-metabolic disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. The tragedy and burden of disease is unrefuted; even more so, evidence indicates that realistic modifications of lifestyle can prevent most chronic disease. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are leading risk factors in the development of cardio-metabolic disease. Presently, chronic disease is treated through symptomatic evaluation of risk. Reframing the lens of care through root cause evaluation is fundamental to optimizing patient outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize literature evaluating the impact of low …

Physiological Effects Of A Traditional Active Warm-Up Versus A Passive Warm-Up During Submaximal Endurance Exercise, Vernice Ollano

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study is to investigate physiological responses during a traditional active warm-up and a passive warm-up consisting of wearing heated trousers during a submaximal endurance cycling workout. Participants included 10 cyclists/triathletes (3 females, 7 males; age: 48 ± 13 years old; mass: 157.9 ± 33.8 kg; height: 169.3 ± 8.65 cm; percent body fat: 25.3 ± 8.53 %) of at least 18 years of age who could continuously cycle for at least 120 minutes and had knowledge of their individual FTP. Experimental 1-day testing included a randomized crossover design where participants proceeded with two different protocols: an …

Fatty Females And Muscular Males: Investigating Human Sexual Dimorphism Across The Upper And Lower Skeleton, Brooklin Edwards

Anthropology Undergraduate Honors Theses

The sexual dimorphism profile of human body composition produces a unique pattern. Compared to other primates, humans have a mild size dimorphism; however, human males have a particularly muscular upper body and human females have a permanent fatty composition. These findings have resulted in varying interpretations related to sexual selection, mating systems, and male competition. Using humerus and femur measurements collected from 9 primate species, we investigated how the pronounced sexually dimorphic tissue composition of humans influences skeletal elements compared to the other primates. We hypothesized that over the course of human evolution, human females developed a body composition that …

Characterization Of Leptin Receptor Expressing Cells In The Cortex And Hippocampus Of The Mouse Brain, Cade Canepa

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

A Pathophysiological, Clinical, And Epidemiological View Of Malaria, Alyssa Watt

Senior Honors Theses

Malaria is a parasitic disease that is common among all ages in tropical and subtropical countries. Annually, there are an estimated 3.3 billion people in 97 countries at risk of contracting malaria. Malaria has been a major global health problem throughout history and is a leading cause of death and disease for many within tropical regions. In the past decade, efforts, such advances in medicine and insecticide techniques, have reduced the prevalence of malaria by 50% which suggests that the elimination of this disease is possible. With the prevalence of malaria and recent reduction, it is vital to aid in …

A Retrospective Analysis Of Rabies Lyssavirus Animal Testing In Nebraska, 2012 Through 2021, Elijah Theye

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Background: Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by a neurotropic virus that has been a public health issue for over 4,000 years, killing roughly 59,000 humans globally each year. This study examined the seasonality of bat-human exposures, the association between animal-human exposure types and animal rabies positivity, and using skunk monthly positivity rates to predict all non-skunk non-bat animal positivity rates with a lag time of six months, in Nebraska.

Methods: Animal rabies testing data from 2012-21 were extracted from Nebraska’s Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Animal tests that had a valid animal rabies test were included in the analyses. To …

Genetic Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors And Alzheimer Disease, Jiao Luo, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Céline Bellenguez, Benjamin Grenier-Boley, Itziar De Rojas, Atahualpa Castillo, Kayenat Parveen, Fahri Küçükali, Aude Nicolas, Oliver Peters, Anja Schneider, Martin Dichgans, Dan Rujescu, Norbert Scherbaum, Deckert Jürgen, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Lucrezia Hausner, Laura Molina Porcel, Emrah Düzel, Timo Grimmer, Jens Wiltfang, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Susanne Moebus, Thomas Tegos, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Jordi Clarimon, Fermin Moreno, Jordi Pérez-Tur, María J Bullido, Pau Pastor, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Victoria Álvarez, Mercè Boada, Pablo García-González, Raquel Puerta, Pablo Mir, Luis M Real, Gerard Piñol-Ripoll, Jose María García-Alberca, Jose Luís Royo, Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Hilkka Soininen, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Alexandre De Mendonça, Shima Mehrabian, Jakub Hort, Martin Vyhnalek, Sven Van Der Lee, Caroline Graff, Goran Papenberg, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Anne Boland, Delphine Bacq-Daian, Jean-François Deleuze, Gael Nicolas, Carole Dufouil, Florence Pasquier, Olivier Hanon, Stéphanie Debette, Edna Grünblatt, Julius Popp, Luisa Benussi, Daniela Galimberti, Beatrice Arosio, Patrizia Mecocci, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Lucilla Parnetti, Alessio Squassina, Lucio Tremolizzo, Barbara Borroni, Benedetta Nacmias, Sandro Sorbi, Paolo Caffarra, Davide Seripa, Innocenzo Rainero, Antonio Daniele, Carlo Masullo, Gianfranco Spalletta, Julie Williams, Philippe Amouyel, Frank Jessen, Patrick Kehoe, Magda Tsolaki, Giacomina Rossi, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Kristel Sleegers, Martin Ingelsson, Ole A Andreassen, Mikko Hiltunen, Cornelia Van Duijn, Rebecca Sims, Wiesje Van Der Flier, Agustín Ruiz, Alfredo Ramirez, Jean-Charles Lambert, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for …

An Analysis Of Animal Testing In Medical Research And Ethical Considerations, Diana Santini

Academic Festival

Introduction:

The use of animal testing in medical research has been the gold standard for gathering information and determining safety and efficacy for pharmaceutical candidates. While animal testing has been considered an essential component in medical research, evidence has shown that it has become an ethical issue in not only animals, but humans as well, delaying the development of medical treatments and providing inaccurate predictions of safety use in human administration.

The Minutes Of The Marshall University Graduate Council Meeting, January 27, 2023, Marshall University Graduate Council

Graduate Council Minutes

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Cannabichromene On Pain And Neuroinflammation In Hiv-1 Tat Transgenic Mice, Sydney Wheeler

Honors Theses

HIV-1 TransActivator of Transcription (Tat) is a vital regulatory protein involved in HIV replication and implicated in development of HIV-associated pain and neurocognitive deficits. Tat is thought to contribute to these pathologies through proinflammatory pathways. Developing mechanisms to curb Tat-mediated inflammation is a key step in improving the quality of life of those living with HIV. Both recreational and medicinal cannabis use is prevalent among many people living with HIV; given this prevalence and the perceived anti-inflammatory benefits of cannabis use, it is important to investigate how chemical constituents of cannabis may impact HIV. In the present study, the effects …

Greenland Shark Lifespan And Implications For Human Longevity, Holly C. Gates

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Evidence-Based Guidelines For Prevention Of Inadvertent Hypothermia In Total Joint Arthroplasty, Courtney Morris

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Hypothermia is a core body temperature below 36 degrees Celsius. Hypothermia is a common occurrence for many surgical patients that presents with many complications. When patients experience hypothermia during the perioperative setting, it is defined as Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia (IPH). During surgery, the patient typically has large body areas exposed to perform surgery in a room that is kept cool leading to lower body temperature and under general anesthesia the body’s ability to regulate body temperature is impaired. Patients who are undergoing total joint arthroplasties (TJA), a hip or knee replacement, are a high-risk population for IPH, therefore, increasing their …

Blood Pressure Surge With Alarm Is Reduced After Exercise And Diet Intervention In Firefighters, Deborah L Feairheller, Macie Smith, Megan Carty, Emily H Reeve

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Cardiac-related incidents are a public health concern for tactical occupations, and cardiovascular disease rates are higher in these populations compared with civilians. Research is needed to examine blood pressure (BP) responses in firefighters. The pager alert is one occupational hazard, and it is unknown if lifestyle change can reduce the systolic surge response.

PURPOSE: To measure BP surge with alarm in firefighters to determine whether the magnitude is lower after a 6-week tactical exercise and Mediterranean-diet intervention.

METHODS: SBP and DBP and BP surge levels, circulating markers, vascular health, and fitness were analyzed. BP surge with alarm was captured …

Electrodermal Activity In Response To Stress Reduction: Virtual Reality Experience In Hydrotherapy And Non-Hydrotherapy Environments, Nthabeleng Macdonald

Undergraduate University Honors Capstones

Hydrotherapy, a holistic alternative medicine, uses methods like water therapy, cold water immersion, and balneotherapy to treat physical and mental illnesses while inducing tranquility (Bahadorfar, 2014). In this study, the water therapy approach was used, but with a unique twist. Rather than traditional hydrotherapy involving direct contact with water, participants were fully immersed in a virtual reality water environment. This study investigated whether immersing individuals with psychological stress in an underwater environment via virtual reality (VR) reduces their stress levels as compared to a non-hydrotherapy virtual city environment. The effects of underwater scenery versus non-hydrotherapy city scenery individuals experiencing stress …

Editorial To The Ijms Special Issue On Sglt2 Inhibitors Vol. 1, Anastasios Lymperopoulos

HPD Articles

No abstract provided.

Comparing Student Satisfaction In High- And Low-Fidelity Simulation Experiences, Bailey Kuhlman

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project

The purpose of this project was to compare student satisfaction in high- and low-fidelity simulation experiences. The project took place at the Pittsburg State University Irene Ransom Bradley School of Nursing. Participants included 79 pre-licensure Fundamentals of Nursing students in their first semester of nursing school. Implementation took place in the Fall of 2022. Students underwent either a high- or low-fidelity patient simulation experience related to pneumonia. Upon completion of the scenario students were asked to voluntarily participate in a satisfaction questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of 27 closed-ended questions. There was a statistically significant difference with higher satisfaction scores …

A Comparison Of The Vascular Response To Acute Sauna Heating In Young And Middle-Aged Adults, Olivia Kathryn Leach

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Age-related declines in endothelial function have been well documented with larger declines observed in middle-aged. Passive heat exposure has been shown to be a promising method to improve vascular endothelial health, with sauna specifically being linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increases in blood flow and shear rates associated with heat exposure are often considered to have a major influence on the observed improved endothelial function following heat exposure. The magnitude of these changes in response to sauna have not yet been defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to quantify and compare the vascular response to …

Newsroom, Georgia Southern University

Newsroom (2006-2023)

A Gut Feeling: Georgia Southern Researchers Exploring How the Gut Microbiome Adapts and Shifts in Endurance Athletes

Astrovirology: How Viruses Enhance Our Understanding Of Life In The Universe, Gareth Trubl, Ken Stedman, Kathryn F. Bywaters, Emily E. Matula, Pacifica Sommers, Simon Roux, Nancy Merino, Multiple Additional Authors

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Viruses are the most numerically abundant biological entities on Earth. As ubiquitous replicators of molecular information and agents of community change, viruses have potent effects on the life on Earth, and may play a critical role in human spaceflight, for life-detection missions to other planetary bodies and planetary protection. However, major knowledge gaps constrain our understanding of the Earth’s virosphere: (1) the role viruses play in biogeochemical cycles, (2) the origin(s) of viruses and (3) the involvement of viruses in the evolution, distribution and persistence of life. As viruses are the only replicators that span all known types of nucleic …

The Echo: April 3, 2023, Taylor University

2022-2023 (Volume 110)

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Caffeine Intake And The Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota In Humans-A Preliminary Investigation, Annie Dai, Kristi Hoffman, Anthony A Xu, Shawn Gurwara, Donna L White, Fasiha Kanwal, Albert Jang, Hashem B El-Serag, Joseph F Petrosino, Li Jiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We examined the association between caffeine and coffee intake and the community composition and structure of colonic microbiota. A total of 34 polyp-free adults donated 97 colonic biopsies. Microbial DNA was sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The amplicon sequence variant was assigned using DADA2 and SILVA. Food consumption was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We compared the relative abundance of taxonomies by low (<82.9 mg) vs. high (≥82.9 mg) caffeine intake and by never or <2 cups vs. 2 cups vs. ≥3 cups coffee intake. False discovery rate-adjusted p values (q values) <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio and its 95% confidence interval of having a non-zero count of certain bacteria by intake level. Higher caffeine and coffee intake was related to higher alpha diversity (Shannon index p < 0.001), higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium (q values < 0.05). After adjustment of vitamin B2 in multivariate analysis, the significant inverse association between Erysipelatoclostridium count and caffeine intake remained statistically significant. Our preliminary study could not …

Environmental Exposures From The Local To The Global: A Comparison Of The Experiences And Consequences Of Exposure Among The Qom Of Formosa, Argentina, And Residents Of New Haven, Connecticut, Carlye Chaney

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and other environmental contaminants is globally ubiquitous and can have adverse consequences on health throughout the lifespan. In this project, I investigated the experiences and consequences of environmental contaminant exposure for maternal and infant health in two places that differ environmentally, politically, and socioeconomically –Namqom in Formosa, Argentina, and New Haven, Connecticut. Specifically, I hypothesized that environmental contaminant exposure influences human well-being and physiology, as assessed from the human milk and urine metabolome, through changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in both infancy and adulthood.I first investigated the local context, both historical and present, that …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbial Adaptation To The Host, Daniel G. Dumitrescu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

All host-associated microorganisms require mechanisms to adapt to stress encountered in the host. In particular, host immunity generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a measure to regulate microbial expansion in the gut and to kill invading pathogens. ROS are broadly toxic to cellular biomolecules, and consequently both microorganisms and the host employ molecular mechanisms to contend with their harmful properties. Accordingly, all life forms rely on low- molecular-weight (LMW) thiols, a family of ubiquitous small molecule antioxidants, to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and resist oxidative damage caused by ROS. Chapter 1 reviews the molecular and biological functions of LMW thiols, …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Markers Indicate Neuro-Damage In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Nonhuman Primates, Sudipa Maity, Meredith G. Mayer, Qingbo Shu, Hellmers Linh, Duran Bao, Robert V. Blair, Yanlin He, Christopher J. Lyon, Tony Y. Hu, Tracy Fischer, Jia Fan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Neurologic manifestations are among the most frequently reported complications of COVID-19. However, given the paucity of tissue samples and the highly infectious nature of the etiologic agent of COVID-19, we have limited information to understand the neuropathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the brain, we used mass-spectrometry–based proteomics with a data-independent acquisition mode to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins collected from two different nonhuman primates, Rhesus Macaque and African Green Monkeys, for the neurologic effects of the infection. These monkeys exhibited minimal to mild pulmonary pathology but moderate to severe central nervous system (CNS) …

Firefighter: 24/48 Versus 48/96; Sleep, Strain, And Recovery, Amy Sprague

Honors Theses

Firefighters provide important safety services for a 24-hour society. Sleep is very important to the human body. Without sleep a person can experience both short- and long-term side effects. These side effects not only put the sleep deprived person in danger but can also put the public in danger as well. There are many different shift schedules that fire departments can run on. While on duty firefighters must be ready to respond to any emergency call, they receive no matter the time. This can impact the amount of sleep they get while on duty. The current study used biometric straps …

Untethering Umvs From Vessels: Why The United States Should Construct A New Environmental Legal Scheme For Unmanned Maritime Vehicles, Lindsay I. Mccarl

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

International and domestic laws and regulations, and in particular those addressing environmental protections related to the world’s oceans, have no clear application to unmanned maritime vehicles (UMVs). Instead, legal scholars have attempted to fit UMVs into current legal schemes in a piecemeal manner that UMVs practically and realistically cannot comply with. UMVs are inherently different than their manned counterparts and therefore require a unique legal framework separate and apart from manned vessels. Without its own legal scheme, the United States Navy and other organizations will not be able to realize the full potential of UMVs—not only for their military operational …

Impact Of A Multi-Month Ultra-Endurance Backpacking Trek On Measures Of Physiological & Psychological Recovery & Readiness: A Case Study, E. Flacke, E. Glick, A. Rainey, H. Scharf, T. Gardner, A. Ragusa, A. M. Stranieri, K. S. Levers

GW Research Showcase 2021-2026

No abstract provided.

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Operator Workload And Situation Awareness Utilizing First Person View Techniques, Ross Lucas Stephenson Jr

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The small, unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) sector within the aviation industry is experiencing unprecedented growth. However, the regulatory guidance for the safe integration of sUAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) has not kept pace with this technological growth within the market. Current regulatory limitations of line-of-sight operations may have an impact on the establishment of an equivalent level of safety for sUAS operations as maintained by manned aircraft. The focal point of the discussion of line-of-sight operations has been the ability of the sUAS pilot to see and avoid all obstacles and other aircraft in a safe and timely …

Predictability Augmentation By In-Silico Study To In-Vivo And In-Vitro Results Of Lung Doses Of Airborne Fine And Ultrafine Particles Inhaled By Humans At Industrial Workplaces, Mohammed Ali

Technology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study correlates computational predictions with in vivo and in vitro experimental results of inhaled fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) transport, dissemination, and deposition in the human respiratory airways. Epidemiological studies suggest that workplace exposure to anthropogenic pollutant PMs is a risk factor for increased susceptibility to acute bronchopulmonary illnesses. However, investigations on detailed human inhalation and PM transport processes are restrictive from time, cost, and ethical perspectives. Computational simulation based on the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model was employed to quantify the risks associated with workplace exposure of these PMs. Here, the physical, mechanical, and electrical properties …

Introduction To Human Biology, Sharon S. Ellerton, Christopher Roblodowski

Open Educational Resources

This OER is intended as a textbook for a one semester introductory course in Human Anatomy and Physiology for non-science majors. It covers the major topics typically covered in A&P, but in a simplified, easier to understand manner. This textbook aims to educate students interested in lower-level health careers and non-science majors without the intimidating detail found in current textbooks. Text and images were created to be more accessible for these student populations.