Digital Commons Network^™

Beef Steer Performance On Irrigated Monoculture Legume Pastures Compared With Grass-And Concentrate-Fed Steers, Lance R. Pitcher, Jennifer W. Macadam, Robert E. Ward, Kun Jun Han, Thomas C. Griggs, Xin Dai

Faculty Publications

Fall-or spring-born steers grazed monoculture irrigated birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) or cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) pastures for approximately 12 weeks for 3 years and were compared with steers on concentrate diets. In the 3rd year, an irrigated meadow bromegrass (MBG; Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.) pasture treatment was added for further comparison. Steer average daily gain (ADG) was 1.31, 0.94, 0.83 and 0.69 kg d−1 on concentrate, ‘Norcen’ BFT, ‘Oberhaunstadter’ BFT, and ‘Monarch’ CMV diets, respectively; ADG on grass pastures was 0.43 kg d−1. The ADG on the concentrate diet was greater than ADG on legume …

Do Mobile Consumers Homogenize The Distribution Of Resources In Stream Food Webs? A Test With Overlapping Fish And Mussel Aggregations, Caryn C. Vaughn, Thomas B. Parr, Traci P. Dubose, Kiza K. Gates, Garrett W. Hopper, Keith B. Gido

Faculty Publications

In streams, unionoid mussels and fish form aggregations that exert bottom-up and top-down effects on food webs, but the magnitude and spatial extent of their effects are controlled by species traits. Sedentary mussels live burrowed in the sediment in patchily distributed dense aggregations (mussel beds) where they filter seston and provide a local, relatively constant nutrient subsidy. In contrast, fish move on and off mussel beds, and thus comprise a transient nutrient subsidy. We asked how overlap between fish and mussels influences nutrient recycling and resource distribution in streams. We conducted an 8-week study in experimental streams where we created …

Role Of Akr1b10 And Akr1b8 In The Pathogenesis Of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash) In Mouse, Sangam Rajak, Pratima Gupta, Baby Anjum, Sana Raza, Archana Tewari, Sujoy Ghosh, Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh K. Singh, Rohit A. Sinha

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinically important spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. NASH is a stage of NAFLD progression wherein liver steatosis accompanies inflammation and pro-fibrotic events. Presently, there are no approved drugs for NASH, which has become a leading cause of liver transplant worldwide. To discover novel drug targets for NASH, we analyzed a human transcriptomic NASH dataset and found Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) as a significantly upregulated gene in livers of human NASH patients. Similarly murine Akr1b10 and Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B8 (Akr1b8) gene, which is a murine ortholog …

Impact Of A Novel Training Approach On Hemodynamic And Vascular Profiles In Older Adults, Mary N. Woessner, Michael A. Welsch, Mitch D. Vanbruggen, Neil M. Johannsen, Daniel P. Credeur, Carl F. Pieper, Richard Sloane, Conrad P. Earnest, Joaquin Ortiz De Zevallos Munoz, Timothy S. Church, Eric Ravussin, William E. Kraus, Jason D. Allen

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Exercise training beneficially moderates the effects of vascular aging. This study compared the efficacy of Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise (PRIME), a novel training regimen, versus aerobic training on hemodynamic profiles in participants ≥70 years at risk for losing functional independence. Seventy-five participants (52 females, age: 76 ± 5 years) were assessed for hemodynamic and vascular function at baseline, after 4 weeks of either PRIME or aerobic training (Phase 1) and again after a further 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training (Phase 2). Data were analyzed using 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance models on the change …

Beyond Appetite Regulation: Targeting Energy Expenditure, Fat Oxidation, And Lean Mass Preservation For Sustainable Weight Loss, Berit Østergaard Christoffersen, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Linu Mary John, Donna H. Ryan, Kirsten Raun, Eric Ravussin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

New appetite-regulating antiobesity treatments such as semaglutide and agents under investigation such as tirzepatide show promise in achieving weight loss of 15% or more. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and lean mass preservation are important determinants of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance beyond appetite regulation. This review discusses prior failures in clinical development of weight-loss drugs targeting energy expenditure and explores novel strategies for targeting energy expenditure: mitochondrial proton leak, uncoupling, dynamics, and biogenesis; futile calcium and substrate cycling; leptin for weight maintenance; increased sympathetic nervous system activity; and browning of white fat. Relevant targets for preserving lean mass are also …

Sympathomimetic Increases Resting Energy Expenditure Following Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, William D. Johnson, Emma Patterson, William Raum

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ephedrine + caffeine (EC) reduces the fall in resting energy expenditure (REE) following bariatric surgery. Methods: This 32-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial included 142 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Participants were randomized to either EC or placebo for 27 weeks, beginning 5 weeks post surgery. The primary end points were change in REE (measured), percentage of predicted REE ([measured REE/Harris-Benedict equation-predicted REE] × 100), and body composition. Secondary outcomes included change in percentage of weight. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Results: …

Financial Challenges And Capacity Among African Refugees In The Southern Usa: A Study Of Socio-Demographic Differences, Njeri Kagotho, Jennifer Scott, Mckenzie M. Ketchum, Youn Kyoung Kim, Arati Maleku, Younghee Lim

Faculty Publications

Refugees’ successful integration into US society requires adaptation to economic, financial and social norms. Despite the importance of considering financial challenges (financial stress and financial anxiety) and financial capacity (financial literacy and financial self-efficacy) in reaching personal financial goals, literature examining the relationship between financial challenges and capacity—critical in refugee resettlement and integration—is sparse and fragmented. This study explored financial challenges and capacity amongst resettled African refugees (N ¼ 130) in the southern USA using data from a larger community-based participatory research study that used a mixed-methods approach. We explored socio-demographic differences in financial stress, financial anxiety, financial literacy and …

Exercise As A Moderator Of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms Of Covid-19, Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod, Charles F. Reynolds, Frank L. Greenway, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Precipitated by chronic psychological stress, immune system dysregulation, and a hyperinflammatory state, the sequelae of postacute COVID-19 (long COVID) include depression and new-onset diabetes. We hypothesize that exercise counters the neuropsychiatric and endocrine sequelae of long COVID by inducing the release of circulating factors that mediate the anti-inflammatory response, support brain homeostasis, and increase insulin sensitivity.

A Systematic Review Of Trucking Food, Physical Activity, And Tobacco Environments And Tractor-Trailer Drivers’ Related Patterns And Practices In The United States And Canada, 1993–2021, Bailey Houghtaling, Laura Balis, Leia Minaker, Khawlah Kheshaifaty, Randa Morgan, Carmen Byker Shanks

Faculty Publications

Truckers in the United States (U.S.) and Canada are at high risk for noncommunicable disease. Although trucking built environments have been highlighted for intervention, no systematic review has assessed aspects of trucking environments that may influence food, physical activity (PA), and smoking patterns/practices. The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize the state of the science on trucking food, PA, and tobacco environments and to examine truckers’ food, PA, and tobacco patterns/practices. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Five databases were selected for searching in April 2020 and 2021 using key terms constructed …

Lessons To Build An Educational Model For Higher Education Institutions Defined As Anchor Institutions To Tackle Public Health Crises: A Pilot Study On Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Faculty And Students In Herbert L. College In The Bronx, Ny, Maria-Isabel Roldos, Katherine Burt, Jacob Eubank

Publications and Research

Coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbated health inequities in Bronx Communities. This study explored vaccine hesitancy among a random sample of faculty and students from Herbert Lehman College. Findings suggest faculty are largely vaccinated (87%), while 59% of students are unvaccinated. Significant gaps in information were found related to safety and complications. This suggests universities need to adopt an educational model with a multipronged social support strategy to gain students’ trust and a greater sense of belonging.

In-Vision : Issue 10- Year 2022, Department Of Education Development

IN-VISION – Department of Educational Development Archives

• Message from Dr Naveed Yousuf Chair, Department of Education Development
• Faculty in Focus Amber Sultan
• Event Recap Annual Mega Question Review
• Education Grand Rounds (EGR)
• Introductory Short Courses in Health Profession Education (ISC-HPE)
• Master of Health Profession Education (MHPE)
• Examination Cell
• Other Faculty Development Workshops "A Collaboration Between DED & UMGE"
• Faculty & Staff Highlights
• Awards, Recognitions & Joining
• Upcoming DED Events
• Learning Resources 5 Tips
• Publications
• Med Ed How to: Case Based Learning

Inspire : Vol 5, Issue 4, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

Content

• Medicine at National and International Forums
• 13th Biennial conference of Pakistan Society of Nephrology
• McMaster Faculty visits AKUH Nephrology
• In-depth: featuring Associate Professor & Section Head Infectious Diseases – Dr Faisal Mahmood
• Featured Faculty – Dr Faheem Shaikh – Senior Instructor – Internal Medicine section
• Publications

The Roles Of School In Supporting Lgbtq+ Youth: A Systematic Review And Ecological Framework For Understanding Risk For Suicide-Related Thoughts And Behaviors, Marisa E. Marraccini, Katherine M. Ingram, Shereen C. Naser, Sally L. Grapin, Emily N. Toole, J. Conor O'Neill, Andrew J. Chin, Robert R. Martinez, Dana Griffin

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The extant literature on suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STB) has highlighted increased patterns of risk among specific minoritized populations, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, two spirit, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth. Compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, LGBTQ+ youth are at increased risk for having STB. Identity-specific stressors such as homonegativity and anti-queerness are among the unique factors posited to contribute to this risk and inhibit factors that protect against suicide. The school setting has been a focal point for suicide prevention and intervention and may also play a key role in linking students to care; however, schools …

Measuring Volatile Emissions From Moss Gametophytes: A Review Of Methodologies And New Applications, Danlyn L. Brennan, Leslie M. Kollar, Scott Kiel, Timea Deakova, Aurélie Laguerre, Stuart F. Mcdaniel, Sarah Eppley, Elliott T. Gall, Todd Rosenstiel

Center for Life in Extreme Environments Publications

Mosses inhabit nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and engage in important interactions with nitrogen-fixing microbes, sperm-dispersing arthropods, and other plants. It is hypothesized that these interactions could be mediated by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Moss BVOCs may play fundamental roles in influencing local ecologies, such as biosphere–atmosphere–hydrosphere communications, physiological and evolutionary dynamics, plant–microbe interactions, and gametophyte stress physiology. Further progress in quantifying the composition, magnitude, and variability of moss BVOC emissions, and their response to environmental drivers and metabolic requirements, is limited by methodological and analytical challenges. We review several sampling techniques with various analytical approaches and describe best practices …

Development Of A Ppg Sensor Array As A Wearable Device For Monitoring Cardiovascular Metrics, Jose Ignacio Rodriguez-Labra

Masters Theses

Wearable devices with integrated sensors for tracking human vitals are widely used for a variety of applications, including exercise, wellness, and health monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors use pulse oximetry to measure pulse rate, cardiac cycle, oxygen saturation, and blood flow by passing a light beam of variable wavelength through the skin and measuring its reflection. A multi-channel PPG wearable system was developed to include multiple nodes of pulse oximeters, each capable of using different wavelengths of light. The system uses sensor fusion along with a machine learning model to perform feature extraction of relevant cardiovascular metrics across multiple pulse oximeters …

The Relationship Of Fire Incident And Area Vulnerability: Case Study Of West Jakarta Municipality, Indonesia, Fajar Nugraha, Fatma Lestari, Jarot Mulyo Semedi, Nurul Sri Rahatiningtyas, Andrio A. Wibowo

Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments)

Fire incident has a great impact on the loss of lives and financial loss due to property damage. Areas with high population density, densely physical building conditions, and irregular building patterns commonly form congested residential slum areas are vulnerable to fire hazards. The capital city of Jakarta is the most populous city in Indonesia and the most densely populated city, with an average of 15,900 people per sq km. In 2019, there was 2,109 fire incident recorded, and nearly 20% of them occurred within the West Jakarta Municipality area. This study investigates the relationship of population density and building density, …

Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms Of Antibiotic Resistance Through Multiscale Simulations And Explainable Machine Learning, Zilin Song

Chemistry Theses and Dissertations

Pathogen resistance to β-lactam antibiotics compromises effective treatments of superbug infections. One major source of β-lactam resistance is the bacterial production of β-lactamases, which could effectively hydrolyze β-lactam drugs. In this thesis, the hydrolysis of various β-lactam antibiotics by class A serine-based β-lactamases (ASβLs) were investigated using hybrid Quantum Mechanical / Molecular Mechanical (QM/MM) minimum energy pathway (MEP) calculations and explainable machine learning (ML) approaches. The TEM-1/benzylpenicillin acylation reaction with QM/MM chain-of-states reaction pathways was firstly revisited. I proposed two decomposition methods for energy contribution analysis based on perturbing ML regression models. Both methods were shown to be model implementation …

Utility Of The Causal Inference Approach To Mediation Analysis With Binary Outcomes, Anh Thu Le

Education Policy and Leadership Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is methodological research to inform educational researchers that the causal inference approach will produce a more accurate estimate of a mediation effect. The effect will help researchers make important and accurate decisions such as changing teaching curricula or implementing interventions.

Doing More With Less: Racial Diversity In Nonprofit Leadership And Organizational Resilience, Steven W. Mumford

Political Science Faculty Publications

Racial diversity in nonprofit leadership presents a variety of benefits crucial for responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, leadership remains predominately white. Practitioner-oriented studies decry racial disparities in nonprofit funding, but academic literature offers mixed conclusions on how diversity influences resource acquisition. This article examines associations between racial composition of nonprofit leadership and organizational resilience to the pandemic, based on a survey of New Orleans-based nonprofits in winter 2021. Logistic regressions assess whether leadership diversity increases the likelihood of organizational resilience in both service delivery and financial health, finding that greater board diversity is associated with targeted programming and advocacy …

In Situ Recording Of Mars Soundscape, S. Maurice, B. Chide, N. Murdoch, R. D. Lorenz, D. Mimoun, R. C. Wiens, A. Stott, X. Jacob, T. Bertrand, F. Montmessin, N. L. Lanza, C. Alvarez-Llamas, Stanley M. Angel, M. Aung, J. Balaram, O. Beyssac, A. Cousin, G. Delory, O. Forni, T. Fouchet, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Before the Perseverance rover landing, the acoustic environment of Mars was unknown. Models predicted that: (1) atmospheric turbulence changes at centimetre scales or smaller at the point where molecular viscosity converts kinetic energy into heat1, (2) the speed of sound varies at the surface with frequency^2,3 and (3) high-frequency waves are strongly attenuated with distance in CO₂ (refs.^2,3,4). However, theoretical models were uncertain because of a lack of experimental data at low pressure and the difficulty to characterize turbulence or attenuation in a closed environment. Here, using Perseverance …

Improving Heart Failure Patient Referrals To The Center For Advanced Heart Failure & Pulmonary Vascular Disease At Hartford Hospital: A Quality Improvement Project, Dawn M. Surprenant

DNP Projects

Significance and Background: According to the Health Resources & Services Administration (2021), health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to process and understand basic health information to make appropriate health decisions. Low health literacy is prevalent in populations such as older adults, minorities, and in individuals with lower socioeconomic status and living in medical underserved areas. Recommendations are to access health literacy in cardiac patients, especially in the acute care setting to improve health outcomes upon discharge.

Purpose: To determine whether a health literacy assessment in hospitalized congested heart failure patients, before discharge, will affect referral …

Non-Opioid Pharmacologic Agents In The Treatment Of Non-Cancer Chronic Pain In The Outpatient Setting, Diane Eannotti

DNP Projects

Opioid prescription related overdose deaths have increased substantially with evidence demonstrating only modest short-term benefits in chronic pain and thus represents the need to identify alternative treatments to opioids. A needs assessment performed for a federally qualified community health center revealed patients presently taking non-opioid pharmacologic agents in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) needed additional education in managing multiple non-opioid medications. A targeted approach at improving patient experience and population health supporting the quadruple aim was undertaken with this project.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project consisted of performing medication management visits for 28 referred patients …

Mental Health In Massachusetts Prisons, Jeffrey Yung

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

In November of last year, former Massachusetts U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling and the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division released the findings of an investigation of the Massachusetts Department of Corrections (MDOC). They found several violations of prisoner’ constitutionals rights for mental health cases under the Eighth Amendment. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishments for criminal defendants. The findings reveal a lack of structured mental health care for MDOC prisoners, untrained employees, and unnecessary abuse of restrictive housing for prisoners designated under a mental health watch program.

Working Through Menopause, Bridget J. Crawford, Emily Gold Waldman, Naomi R. Cahn

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

There are over thirty million people ages 44 to 55 in the civilian labor force in the United States, but the law and legal scholarship are largely silent about a health condition that approximately half of those workers inevitably will experience. Both in the United States and elsewhere, menopause remains mostly a taboo topic, because of cultural stigmas and attitudes about aging and gender. Yet menopause raises critical issues at the intersections of gender equity, disability, aging, transgender rights, and reproductive justice. This Article imagines how the law would change if it accounted for menopause and the associated unequal burdens …

2022-04-01 Caudill Connection, Morehead State University. Caudill College Of Arts, Humanities And Social Sciences.

Caudill Connection

Caudill Connection newsletter for April 1, 2022.

Getting Gideon Right: Eligibility For Appointed Counsel In Texas Misdemeanor Cases, Andrew L.B. Davies, Blane Skiles, Pamela R. Metzger, Janelle Gursoy, Alex Romo

Deason Center Reports

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the government must provide a criminal defense lawyer for any accused person who cannot afford one. But for too many people, Gideon's promise remains unfulfilled. In Texas, there are no statewide guidelines about who is entitled to a court-appointed lawyer. Instead, counties create their own rules that create serious gaps in constitutional protection. Getting Gideon Right investigates the financial standards that determine an accused person's eligibility for appointed counsel in Texas county courts. The report reveals a patchwork of county court policies that are both complex and severe.

Sustainability Spotlight, University Of Dayton. Hanley Sustainability Institute

Hanley Sustainability Institute Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Sustainability Spotlight, University Of Dayton. Hanley Sustainability Institute

Hanley Sustainability Institute Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Sustainability Spotlight, University Of Dayton. Hanley Sustainability Institute

Hanley Sustainability Institute Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Ud Men For Gender Equity Newsletter, April 2022, University Of Dayton. Women's Center

UD Men for Gender Equity Newsletter

What to Expect in this Issue

1. Welcome Message
2. Upcoming Engagement Opportunities
3. Check Out How the University is Celebrating Asian and Pacific American Heritage Month
4. Profile: Maiella Hollander
5. Share Your Experience