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Synthesis, Characterization Of Chitosan Para- Hydroxyl Benzaldehyde Schiff Base Linked Maleic Anhydride And The Evaluation Of Its Antimicrobial Activities, Sanaa A. Al Sahib, Sana Hitur Awad Dec 2022

Synthesis, Characterization Of Chitosan Para- Hydroxyl Benzaldehyde Schiff Base Linked Maleic Anhydride And The Evaluation Of Its Antimicrobial Activities, Sanaa A. Al Sahib, Sana Hitur Awad

Baghdad Science Journal

Current research included preparation, characterization of some new chitosan- hydroxy benzaldehyde-Schiff bases with maleic anhydride. The present study aimed to the synthesis and characterization of novel chitosan Schiff base compounds using para- hydroxy benzaldeh and maleic anhydride. The derivative of the schiff-chitosan base, which is associated with different drugs, has been replaced with different amino and hydroxy drugs. The derivative is characterized by different analytical techniques. The results of FT-IR studies clearly indicate construction of the chief amine group in chitosan and the emergence of new bands that correspond to the association of maleic anhydride with the chitosan base. TGA, …

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Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita Dec 2022

Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Helicobacter pylori is a high-priority drug-resistant pathogen and is currently the only bacteria considered to be a class I carcinogen and there is a critical need to identify novel chemical matter to treat H. pylori infections. Hp is responsible for greater than 60% of gastric cancer related deaths and 89% of all gastric cancer morbidities. In a previous study, our lab identified novel Hp thienopyrmidine inhibitors that target respiratory complex I, an essential enzyme in respiration. Respiratory complex I is a large asymmetric multidomain and membrane bound enzyme and due to these innate features, it is not practical for biophysical …

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Mitochondrial Functions Are Major Targets Of Isocyanide Activity In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Morgan A. Siemek Dec 2022

Mitochondrial Functions Are Major Targets Of Isocyanide Activity In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Morgan A. Siemek

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The isocyanide functional group is important in the synthesis of many organic compounds and is found in natural products produced by plants, bacteria, marine invertebrates, and fungi. The antimicrobial activities of isocyanide compounds have been documented for almost 70 years, however, the biochemical targets and mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. We report antimicrobial activity of 4-para-nitrophenyl-isocyanide (p-NPIC) against a model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. To identify the cellular and molecular targets of p-NPIC, we screened the non-essential single gene-deletion collection of S. cerevisiae. We …

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Clinical, Laboratory, And Chest Radiographic Characteristics Of Covid-19 Associated Severe Pediatric Pneumonia. A Retrospective Study, Ali A. Asseri, Saleh M. Al-Qahtani, Mohammed A. Algathradi, Ibrahim A. Alzaydani, Ahmed A. Al-Jarie, Ibrahim A. Al-Benhassan, Ibrahim A. Alhelali, Mona S. Alassiri, Ali A. Alrmelawi, Abdelwahid S. Ali Dec 2022

Clinical, Laboratory, And Chest Radiographic Characteristics Of Covid-19 Associated Severe Pediatric Pneumonia. A Retrospective Study, Ali A. Asseri, Saleh M. Al-Qahtani, Mohammed A. Algathradi, Ibrahim A. Alzaydani, Ahmed A. Al-Jarie, Ibrahim A. Al-Benhassan, Ibrahim A. Alhelali, Mona S. Alassiri, Ali A. Alrmelawi, Abdelwahid S. Ali

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory data, chest radiographs, and outcomes of pediatric patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This retrospective study included 34 children who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia between August 2020 and July 2021. Severe pneumonia was defined as fever, respiratory distress (tachypnea, chest retractions, and hypoxia [oxygen saturation <90% in room air]), and obvious infiltrations on chest radiography. Results: Ages of the patients ranged from newborns to 12 years old, with a median of 24 months (interquartile range: 12-72 months). Preschool-aged children were the most common age group (44%). Levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin) were elevated in most patients. A total of 13 patients developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while 4 developed multiorgan failure. Despite receiving supportive therapy, 2 (5.9%) patients died due to severe septic shock and multiorgan failure. One deceased patient was born prematurely at 30 weeks, while the other had chronic granulomatous disease. Conclusion: This study described a single-center cohort of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In this cohort, children with cardiopulmonary comorbidities and ARDS had a high mortality and long-term morbidity, as observed in other pediatric studies.

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Importance Of Light Activation For Plant Cryptochrome And Antibacterial Drug Delivery Strategies, Merfat Ahmed Hammad Dec 2022

Importance Of Light Activation For Plant Cryptochrome And Antibacterial Drug Delivery Strategies, Merfat Ahmed Hammad

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this project is to investigate the benefits of applying light in different systems. In the first part, the magnetoreception process that occurs in the light activated cryptochrome of Arabidopsis Thaliana was investigated. In the second part, photo-carbon monoxide releasing molecules (photo-CORMs) were investigated for their antibacterial effect to develop biomedical strategies. Overall, this has been achieved in three different studies. The first study investigated if the forward lightdriven reaction is involved in the magnetoreception process or not in cryptochrome (CRY). To accomplish this, the plant seedlings were tested for 90 minutes as follows: 5 minutes in the …

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Structural Variants Drive Context-Dependent Oncogene Activation In Cancer, Zhichao Xu, Dong-Sung Lee, Sahaana Chandran, Victoria T Le, Rosalind Bump, Jean Yasis, Sofia Dallarda, Samantha Marcotte, Benjamin Clock, Nicholas Haghani, Chae Yun Cho, Kadir C Akdemir, Selene Tyndale, P Andrew Futreal, Graham Mcvicker, Geoffrey M Wahl, Jesse R Dixon Dec 2022

Structural Variants Drive Context-Dependent Oncogene Activation In Cancer, Zhichao Xu, Dong-Sung Lee, Sahaana Chandran, Victoria T Le, Rosalind Bump, Jean Yasis, Sofia Dallarda, Samantha Marcotte, Benjamin Clock, Nicholas Haghani, Chae Yun Cho, Kadir C Akdemir, Selene Tyndale, P Andrew Futreal, Graham Mcvicker, Geoffrey M Wahl, Jesse R Dixon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Higher-order chromatin structure is important for the regulation of genes by distal regulatory sequences. Structural variants (SVs) that alter three-dimensional (3D) genome organization can lead to enhancer-promoter rewiring and human disease, particularly in the context of cancer3. However, only a small minority of SVs are associated with altered gene expression4,5, and it remains unclear why certain SVs lead to changes in distal gene expression and others do not. To address these questions, we used a combination of genomic profiling and genome engineering to identify sites of recurrent changes in 3D genome structure in cancer and determine the effects of specific …

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Clinical Management Of Supratentorial Non-Skull Case Meningiomas, Adefisayo Adekanmbi, Mark W Youngblood, Constantine L Karras, Ephraim A Oyetunji, John Kalapurakal, Craig M Horbinski, Hinda Najem, Virginia B Hill, James P Chandler, Amy B Heimberger, Stephen T Magill, Rimas V Lukas Nov 2022

Clinical Management Of Supratentorial Non-Skull Case Meningiomas, Adefisayo Adekanmbi, Mark W Youngblood, Constantine L Karras, Ephraim A Oyetunji, John Kalapurakal, Craig M Horbinski, Hinda Najem, Virginia B Hill, James P Chandler, Amy B Heimberger, Stephen T Magill, Rimas V Lukas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Supratentorial non-skull base meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumor subtype. An understanding of their pathophysiology, imaging characteristics, and clinical management options will prove of substantial value to the multi-disciplinary team which may be involved in their care. Extensive review of the broad literature on the topic is conducted. Narrowing the scope to meningiomas located in the supratentorial non-skull base anatomic location highlights nuances specific to this tumor subtype. Advances in our understanding of the natural history of the disease and how findings from both molecular pathology and neuroimaging have impacted our understanding are discussed. Clinical management …

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Notch Missense Mutations In Drosophila Reveal Functions Of Specific Egf-Like Repeats In Notch Folding, Trafficking, And Signaling, Hilman Nurmahdi, Mao Hasegawa, Elzava Yuslimatin Mujizah, Takeshi Sasamura, Mikiko Inaki, Shinya Yamamoto, Tomoko Yamakawa, Kenji Matsuno Nov 2022

Notch Missense Mutations In Drosophila Reveal Functions Of Specific Egf-Like Repeats In Notch Folding, Trafficking, And Signaling, Hilman Nurmahdi, Mao Hasegawa, Elzava Yuslimatin Mujizah, Takeshi Sasamura, Mikiko Inaki, Shinya Yamamoto, Tomoko Yamakawa, Kenji Matsuno

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Notch signaling plays various roles in cell-fate specification through direct cell–cell interactions. Notch receptors are evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. Drosophila Notch has 36 EGF-like repeats, and while some play a role in Notch signaling, the specific functions of most remain unclear. To investigate the role of each EGF-like repeat, we used 19 previously identified missense mutations of Notch with unique amino acid substitutions in various EGF-like repeats and a transmembrane domain; 17 of these were identified through a single genetic screen. We assessed these mutants’ phenotypes in the nervous system and hindgut during …

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Designing “‘Queer’ Across Cultures:” Disrupting The Consumption Of Diversity, Kim Berry Nov 2022

Designing “‘Queer’ Across Cultures:” Disrupting The Consumption Of Diversity, Kim Berry

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

This article charts the underlying logic and structure of a course titled “‘Queer’ Across Cultures,” created to provide a transnational focus for the groundbreaking minor in Multicultural Queer Studies, spearheaded by Eric Rofes. Concerned that students would too easily revert to a practice of consuming diversity, I have attempted to weave together readings which complicate a colonial gaze by challenging hegemonic constructions of essential difference. My primary strategy in crafting this course has been to focus on the term “across” in the title. In other words to foreground and theorize the transnational within the production of both similarities and differences …

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Full Journal Nov 2022

Full Journal

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

The theme of Issue 34 of the Humboldt Journal of Social Relations is Social Justice Action, Teaching, and Research.

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Synthetic Amphiphiles As Antibiotic Potentiators, Helena Spikes Nov 2022

Synthetic Amphiphiles As Antibiotic Potentiators, Helena Spikes

Dissertations

Antibiotic resistance has become a massive threat to modern medicine. Bacteria acquire resistance either through genetic mutations or mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids. The growing resistance crisis is exacerbated by over-prescription of antibiotics and improper use. As antimicrobial resistance becomes more widespread, superbugs (bacteria resistant to more than one class of drug) have evolved. Since few new drugs reach clinical trials and even fewer are approved by the FDA, we must find a way to make existing drugs more potent. One technique to accomplish this is by using combination therapy. By administering two or more drugs at a time, …

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Digitally Predicting Protein Localization And Manipulating Protein Activity In Fluorescence Images Using 4d Reslicing Gan, Yang Jiao, Lingkun Gu, Yingtao Jiang, Mo Weng, Mei Yang Nov 2022

Digitally Predicting Protein Localization And Manipulating Protein Activity In Fluorescence Images Using 4d Reslicing Gan, Yang Jiao, Lingkun Gu, Yingtao Jiang, Mo Weng, Mei Yang

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

While multi-channel fluorescence microscopy is a vital imaging method in biological studies, the number of channels that can be imaged simultaneously is limited by technical and hardware limitations such as emission spectra cross-talk. One solution is using deep neural networks to model the localization relationship between two proteins so that the localization of one protein can be digitally predicted. Furthermore, the input and predicted localization implicitly reflect the modeled relationship. Accordingly, observing the response of the prediction via manipulating input localization could provide an informative way to analyze the modeled relationships between the input and the predicted proteins.

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Controlling The Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediated Staphylococcus Aureus (Hvisa) Through The Use Of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Leaves Extract, Osamah Z. Al-Hayali, Mohammed. F. Al-Marjani, Abbas Maleki Nov 2022

Controlling The Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediated Staphylococcus Aureus (Hvisa) Through The Use Of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Leaves Extract, Osamah Z. Al-Hayali, Mohammed. F. Al-Marjani, Abbas Maleki

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Treatment failure and persistent infection are two serious problems that result from Staphylococcus aureus having decreased vancomycin susceptibility. The present study investigates the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves extract on the growth and quorum sensing (QS) of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus hVISA isolates. Real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to determine the transcriptional changes of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in the (hVISA) strain after and before being treated with the R. officinalis leaves extract. The antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined through the use of a microtitre plate test (MtP); with a minimum inhibitory …

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A Patent-Based Approach To Understanding The Role Of University, Company, And Government Collaboration In Biotechnological Innovation, Rachel Strader Nov 2022

A Patent-Based Approach To Understanding The Role Of University, Company, And Government Collaboration In Biotechnological Innovation, Rachel Strader

Theses

The biotechnology industry has shifted in recent years in corporate policy from a more traditional, closed research and development (R&D) model to an open innovation (OI) model, leading to increased collaboration between companies and academic institutions. The literature has reinforced this shift by demonstrating the role these collaborative relationships play in contributing to high-quality innovations. In this study, I use a unique dataset composed of biotechnology patents granted in the United States from 2000-2020 to examine the relationship between patent assignee and patent quality. Specifically, I measure patent quality using the number of forward citations and patent family size and …

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A Novel Ibuprofen Derivative And Its Complexes: Physicochemical Characterization, Dft Modeling, Docking, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Studies, And Dna Interaction, Abbas M. Abbas, Ahmed Aboelmagd, Safaa M. Kishk, Hossam H. Nasrallah, W. Christropher Boyd, Haitham F. Kalil, Adel S. Orabi Nov 2022

A Novel Ibuprofen Derivative And Its Complexes: Physicochemical Characterization, Dft Modeling, Docking, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Studies, And Dna Interaction, Abbas M. Abbas, Ahmed Aboelmagd, Safaa M. Kishk, Hossam H. Nasrallah, W. Christropher Boyd, Haitham F. Kalil, Adel S. Orabi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A novel derivative of ibuprofen and salicylaldehyde N '-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propane hydrazide (HL) was synthesized, followed by its complexation with Cu, Ni, Co, Gd, and Sm. The compounds obtained were characterized by (HNMR)-H-1, mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DTA and TGA), conductivity measurements, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The results indicate that the complexes formed were [Cu(L)(H2O)]Cl center dot 2H(2)O, [Ni(L)(2)], [Co(L)(2)]center dot H2O, [Gd(L)(2)(H2O)(2)](NO3)center dot 2H(2)O and [Sm(L)(2)(H2O)(2)](NO3)center dot 2H(2)O. The surface characteristics of the produced compounds were evaluated by DFT calculations using the MOE environment. The docking was performed against the COX2 targeting protein (PDB code: 5IKT …

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Histone Demethylase Kdm5d Drives Sex-Specific Differences In Colorectal Cancer, Jiexi Li, Zhengdao Lan, Wenting Liao, James W. Horner, Xueping Xu, Jielin Liu, Yohei Yoshihama, Shan Jiang, Hong Seok Shim, Max Slotnik, Chang-Jiun Wu, Kenneth Dunner, Jr., Rumi Lee, Isha Khanduri, Christopher Terranova, Kadir Caner Akdemir, Deepavali Chakravarti, Kyle Labella, Wen-Hao Hsu, Denise J. Spring, Y. Alan Wang, Ronald A. Depinho Nov 2022

Histone Demethylase Kdm5d Drives Sex-Specific Differences In Colorectal Cancer, Jiexi Li, Zhengdao Lan, Wenting Liao, James W. Horner, Xueping Xu, Jielin Liu, Yohei Yoshihama, Shan Jiang, Hong Seok Shim, Max Slotnik, Chang-Jiun Wu, Kenneth Dunner, Jr., Rumi Lee, Isha Khanduri, Christopher Terranova, Kadir Caner Akdemir, Deepavali Chakravarti, Kyle Labella, Wen-Hao Hsu, Denise J. Spring, Y. Alan Wang, Ronald A. Depinho

Leading Edge of Cancer Research Symposium 2022

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Sialidase Inhibitors With Different Mechanisms, Joseph M. Keil, Garrett R. Rafn, Isaac M. Turan, Majdi A. Aljohani, Reza Sahebjam-Atabaki, Xue-Long Sun Oct 2022

Sialidase Inhibitors With Different Mechanisms, Joseph M. Keil, Garrett R. Rafn, Isaac M. Turan, Majdi A. Aljohani, Reza Sahebjam-Atabaki, Xue-Long Sun

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Sialidases, or neuraminidases, are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sialic acid (Sia)-containing molecules, mostly removal of the terminal Sia (desialylation). By desialylation, sialidase can modulate the functionality of the target compound and is thus often involved in biological pathways. Inhibition of sialidases with inhibitors is an important approach for under-standing sialidase function and the underlying mechanisms and could serve as a therapeutic approach as well. Transition-state analogues, such as anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, are major sialidase inhibitors. In addition, difluoro-sialic acids were developed as mechanism-based sialidase inhibitors. Further, fluorinated quinone methide-based suicide substrates were reported. Sialidase product analogue …

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New Biology Chair Aims To Lift Program To New Heights, Abigail Martin Oct 2022

New Biology Chair Aims To Lift Program To New Heights, Abigail Martin

University of Mississippi News

Sixue Chen brings focus on plant efficiency and desire to increase student opportunities

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Whole Genome Sequencing Of Moraxella Bovis Strains From North America Reveals Two Genotypes With Different Genetic Determinants, Emily L. Wynn, Matthew M. Hille, John Dustin Loy, Gennie Schuller, Kristen L. Kuhn, Aaron M. Dickey, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson Oct 2022

Whole Genome Sequencing Of Moraxella Bovis Strains From North America Reveals Two Genotypes With Different Genetic Determinants, Emily L. Wynn, Matthew M. Hille, John Dustin Loy, Gennie Schuller, Kristen L. Kuhn, Aaron M. Dickey, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant and painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. bovoculi (genotypes 1 and 2) that differ in their gene content and potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. M. bovis is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry a complete assortment of known virulence factors. The goals of this study were to determine the population structure and depth of M. bovis genomic diversity, and to compare core and accessory genes and …

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The Immune Signatures Data Resource, A Compendium Of Systems Vaccinology Datasets., Joann Diray-Arce, Helen E R Miller, Evan Henrich, Bram Gerritsen, Matthew P Mulè, Slim Fourati, Jeremy Gygi, Thomas Hagan, Lewis Tomalin, Dmitry Rychkov, Dmitri Kazmin, Daniel G Chawla, Hailong Meng, Patrick Dunn, John Campbell, The Human Immunology Project Consortium (Hipc), Minnie Sarwal, John S Tsang, Ofer Levy, Bali Pulendran, Rafick Sekaly, Aris Floratos, Raphael Gottardo, Steven H Kleinstein, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas Oct 2022

The Immune Signatures Data Resource, A Compendium Of Systems Vaccinology Datasets., Joann Diray-Arce, Helen E R Miller, Evan Henrich, Bram Gerritsen, Matthew P Mulè, Slim Fourati, Jeremy Gygi, Thomas Hagan, Lewis Tomalin, Dmitry Rychkov, Dmitri Kazmin, Daniel G Chawla, Hailong Meng, Patrick Dunn, John Campbell, The Human Immunology Project Consortium (Hipc), Minnie Sarwal, John S Tsang, Ofer Levy, Bali Pulendran, Rafick Sekaly, Aris Floratos, Raphael Gottardo, Steven H Kleinstein, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas

Faculty Research 2022

Vaccines are among the most cost-effective public health interventions for preventing infection-induced morbidity and mortality, yet much remains to be learned regarding the mechanisms by which vaccines protect. Systems immunology combines traditional immunology with modern 'omic profiling techniques and computational modeling to promote rapid and transformative advances in vaccinology and vaccine discovery. The NIH/NIAID Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) has leveraged systems immunology approaches to identify molecular signatures associated with the immunogenicity of many vaccines. However, comparative analyses have been limited by the distributed nature of some data, potential batch effects across studies, and the absence of multiple relevant studies …

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Thermal Analysis Of Ws Series Cooling Agent, 1li Yi-Rong, Zhu Rui-Zhi, Jiang Wei, Jiang Li-Hong, Yang Ji Oct 2022

Thermal Analysis Of Ws Series Cooling Agent, 1li Yi-Rong, Zhu Rui-Zhi, Jiang Wei, Jiang Li-Hong, Yang Ji

Food and Machinery

Objective: Evaluation of the safety of WS series cooling agents for cigarettes. Methods: In this paper, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric (TG) methods were used to study the pyrolysis behavior and content distribution of WS series cooling agents in tobacco under different atmospheres. Results: Through TG/DSC analysis, WS-3, WS-5, and WS-23 had only one obvious thermal weight loss stage, and the maximum weight loss rates occurred at 251.8, 281.6, and 206.5 ℃, respectively. The three cooling agents all showed sharp endothermic peaks before weight loss, and a phase transition process of melting occurred. It was speculated …

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A Nanofiber-Embedded Microfluidic Platform For Studying Neurobiology, Donghee Lee, Navatha Shree Sharma, S. M. Shatil Shahriar, Kai Yang, Zheng Yan, Jingwei Xie Oct 2022

A Nanofiber-Embedded Microfluidic Platform For Studying Neurobiology, Donghee Lee, Navatha Shree Sharma, S. M. Shatil Shahriar, Kai Yang, Zheng Yan, Jingwei Xie

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Due to their biomimetic properties, electrospun nanofibers have been widely used in neurobiology studies. However, mechanistic understanding of cell-nanofiber interactions is challenging based on the current in vitro culture systems due to the lack of control of spatiotemporal patterning of cells and difficulty in monitoring single cell behavior. To overcome these issues, we apply microfluidic technology in combination with electrospun nanofibers for in vitro studies of interactions between neurons and nanofiber materials. We demonstrate a unique nanofiber embedded microfluidic device which contains patterned aligned or random electrospun nanofibers as a new culture system. With this device, we test how different …

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Finding Aid For The Edmund Keiser Collection (Mum00771) Oct 2022

Finding Aid For The Edmund Keiser Collection (Mum00771)

Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids (alphabetical)

Collection of bound thesis, dissertation, field notes, and reports submitted from Dr. Edmund Keiser.

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Calanoid Copepods Of China Seas-Introduction And Acknowledgement, Chang-Tai Shih, Qing-Chao Chen, Yang-Chi Lan, Shih-Hui Hsiao, Chi-Yu Weng Oct 2022

Calanoid Copepods Of China Seas-Introduction And Acknowledgement, Chang-Tai Shih, Qing-Chao Chen, Yang-Chi Lan, Shih-Hui Hsiao, Chi-Yu Weng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

No abstract provided.

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Phytochemical Investigation Of Egyptian Spinach Leaves, A Potential Source For Antileukemic Metabolites: In Vitro And In Silico Study, Shimaa M. Abdelgawad, Mona H. Hetta, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Premalatha Balachandran Oct 2022

Phytochemical Investigation Of Egyptian Spinach Leaves, A Potential Source For Antileukemic Metabolites: In Vitro And In Silico Study, Shimaa M. Abdelgawad, Mona H. Hetta, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Premalatha Balachandran

Faculty and Student Publications

Spinacia oleracea L., Amaranthaceae, leaves cultivated in Egypt demonstrated a potential antileukemic activity against the chronic myeloid leukemia, K562 cell line. Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a phytochemical investigation of S. oleracea leaves as well as the isolation of its antileukemic phytoconstituents. Phytochemical investigation of S. oleracea leaves resulted in the isolation of seventeen known compounds. The biological study revealed that compounds hexaprenol, phytol, and 18-[(1-oxohexadecyl) oxy]-9-octadecenoic acid exhibited a remarkable antiproliferative activity against K562 cells in vitro. A mechanistic in silico study showed that hexaprenol, phytol, and 18-[(1-oxohexadecyl) oxy]-9-octadecenoic acid exhibited a strong binding …

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Monitoring Translation Regulation By Structured Rna Elements, Caroline Focht Oct 2022

Monitoring Translation Regulation By Structured Rna Elements, Caroline Focht

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Translation initiation across domains of life is a tightly regulated process, and functional RNA motifs are critical regulatory features. This dissertation largely focuses on developing a novel technique with which to quantify the effect these RNA elements have on translation initiation and on unraveling the functional requirements of these structures. I have leveraged RelE’s ribosome-dependent endonuclease activity to develop a quantitative assay for translationally regulated mRNAs and validated this method on two bacterial translational riboswitches. I have also demonstrated its applicability to eukaryotic systems by showing that RelE can measure isoform-driven differences in ribosome loading between yeast 5′ leader sequences. …

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Understanding Distinct Roles Of Egfr Family Mutations In Different Cancers, Chun Hu Oct 2022

Understanding Distinct Roles Of Egfr Family Mutations In Different Cancers, Chun Hu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in human cancer and is an important therapeutic target. EGFR inhibitors have been successful in lung cancer, where mutations in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain activate the receptor, but not in glioblastoma multiform (GBM), where mutations occur exclusively in the extracellular region. In this dissertation, I show that common extracellular GBM mutations prevent EGFR from discriminating between its activating ligands. Different growth factor ligands stabilize distinct EGFR dimer structures that signal with different kinetics to specify or bias outcome. EGF itself induces strong symmetric dimers that signal transiently to promote proliferation. …

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Translational Systems Metabolism In Health And Disease, Brooks Phillip Leitner Oct 2022

Translational Systems Metabolism In Health And Disease, Brooks Phillip Leitner

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The breakdown, synthesis, and interconversion of macronutrients is essential to sustaining life and driving pathological mechanisms rooted in disease. With attempts to combat the metabolic underpinnings of disease, it has become clear that focus on individual metabolites, proteins, or genes cannot fully explain the complexity of dysregulated metabolism in systemic conditions such as obesity, cancer, and sepsis. With the advent of accessible Omics techniques and hordes of open access data it has become possible to study metabolism as a whole—at the level of gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. A major goal of this PhD thesis was to integrate isotope tracing …

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Synthetic Studies Of Colibactin, A Carcinogenic Gut Microbiome Metabolite, Kevin Mark Wernke Oct 2022

Synthetic Studies Of Colibactin, A Carcinogenic Gut Microbiome Metabolite, Kevin Mark Wernke

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The human microbiota is now understood to be intimately linked to host physiology. Recent studies indicate that microbiota species which possess a biosynthetic gene cluster – termed clb – contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Bacteria possessing the clb gene cluster are correlated to colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans, initiate colonic tumor and polyp formation in murine models, and induce DNA interstrand cross-links in cell models. Furthermore, clb+ bacteria induce a unique mutational signature which has been detected in a number of human tumor samples. Early studies by Oswald and co-workers established that the final product of …

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Spatial Variation In Hard Bottom Coral Communities Of The Coastal West Florida Shelf, Nicole Blank, Sandra D. Brooke, Brian K. Walker Oct 2022

Spatial Variation In Hard Bottom Coral Communities Of The Coastal West Florida Shelf, Nicole Blank, Sandra D. Brooke, Brian K. Walker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Hard bottom coral and sponge communities differ along portions of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in species occurrence, diversity, and/or size. However, the composition and spatial distribution of these communities are not well understood. Community transitions have been proposed in the central portion of the WFS around Tampa Bay, Cedar Key, and as far south as Charlotte Harbor, but supporting data are sparse. Fifteen sites in three regions of Florida were surveyed for species distribution, density, and demographics. Distinct communities were found between St Teresa, Hudson, and Tarpon Springs. Coral and sponge densities were highest off Tarpon Springs followed by …

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