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Theoretical Analysis Of Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of Husan Harbor, Korea, Gordon A. Riley, Ruth Von Arx Jan 1949

Theoretical Analysis Of Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of Husan Harbor, Korea, Gordon A. Riley, Ruth Von Arx

Journal of Marine Research

It has been shown (Riley, 1946, 1947) that seasonal changes in total phytoplankton populations can be depicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy by a simple theoretical construction in which the rate of change of the population is described in terms of physiological processes that increase or decrease its organic content (photosynthesis, respiration, grazing), and in which the rates of the individual processes are quantitatively predictable by reference to a few environmental factors....

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Iodine And Bromine In Sponges, Eva M. Low Jan 1949

Iodine And Bromine In Sponges, Eva M. Low

Journal of Marine Research

Iodine and bromine have been known to occur in sponges since the early part of the nineteenth century. Since then a large number of analyses, primarily of the bath sponge but also of other sponges, have been reported. Both iodine and bromine have been found in most cases, although in greatly varying amounts....

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The Diatoms Collected By The U.S.S. Cacopan In The Antarctic In 1947, Brian P. Boden Jan 1949

The Diatoms Collected By The U.S.S. Cacopan In The Antarctic In 1947, Brian P. Boden

Journal of Marine Research

For investigation of the Diatomaceae, a series of water samples was collected from the U. S. S. CACOPAN by filling a citrate bottle either with surface water obtained with a bucket or with water obtained from various depths with Nansen bottles….

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The Distribution Of The Eggs Of Vampyroteuthis Infernalis Chun, Grace E. Pickford Jan 1949

The Distribution Of The Eggs Of Vampyroteuthis Infernalis Chun, Grace E. Pickford

Journal of Marine Research

Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun is a bathypelagic dibranchiate cephalopod of such peculiar character, in some respects specialized and in some respects primitive, that it cannot be placed in either of the living suborders but appears to be more nearly akin to certain Mesozoic fossils....

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The Field Use Of A Salinity-Temperature-Depth Recorder, William L. Ford Jan 1949

The Field Use Of A Salinity-Temperature-Depth Recorder, William L. Ford

Journal of Marine Research

A salinity-temperature-depth recorder that provides a continuous record of the salinity and temperature of sea water has been described by Jacobson. The present paper is a discussion of the use of this instrument in the field and of its application to a variety of hydrographic problems.

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The Determination Of Nitrates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1948

The Determination Of Nitrates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

The concentrations of nitrite-nitrogen in sea water varies from 0.000 to 2.00 microgram atoms (µg. atoms) per liter of sea water at 20° C. In the open ocean nitrites are seldom found in depths below 100 meters, and even at these depths the water may be completely devoid of nitrites. When occurring in waters near the surface, the concentration is generally less than 0.10 µg. atom of nitrite-nitrogen per liter. The higher values are obtained at times in the waters on the continental shelf and in sounds, straits, fjords and estuaries.

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Note Concerning Human Respiratory Irritation Associated With High Concentrations Of Plankton And Mass Mortality Of Marine Organisms, Alfred H. Woodcock Jan 1948

Note Concerning Human Respiratory Irritation Associated With High Concentrations Of Plankton And Mass Mortality Of Marine Organisms, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

There is increasing evidence that high concentrations of plankton are sometimes associated with mass mortality among marine animals (Taylor, 1917, see ref's pp. 14-16; Marchand, 1928; BrongersmaSanders, 1947; Gunter, et al., 1947).

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The Measurement Of The Viscosity Coefficient Of Sea Water, Yasuo Miyake, Masami Koizumi Jan 1948

The Measurement Of The Viscosity Coefficient Of Sea Water, Yasuo Miyake, Masami Koizumi

Journal of Marine Research

In an old study by Ruppin and Krummel (Krümmel, 1907: 281), the viscosity of sea water was measured by the method of Wil. Ostwald. However, at that time the data for the viscosity of sea water were given relative to that of pure water at 0° C. Since then several precise measurements (Dorsey, 1940: 182) have been made and reliable data obtained, and therefore it is necessary to determine more exact values for the viscosity of sea water.

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A Study On The Foaming Of Sea Water Part I, Yasuo Miyake, Tomosaburo Abe Jan 1948

A Study On The Foaming Of Sea Water Part I, Yasuo Miyake, Tomosaburo Abe

Journal of Marine Research

In spite of the fact that many marine observers are aware that sea water has a remarkable foaming capacity, there has not been any scientific study of this subject. However, the foaming capacity may be of considerable importance in oceanography. For instance, there must be an intimate relation between the Beaufort scale and the foaming of sea water, since there is no doubt that aspects of white waves generated on the sea by winds largely depend on this effect.

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Oceanography And Geomagnetism, J. A. Fleming Jan 1948

Oceanography And Geomagnetism, J. A. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

Because of the large portion of the Earth that is covered by the oceans, the determination of accurate values of the geomagnetic elements at sea is a major objective in a world survey. It was not until 1905-1929 that realization of this objective was obtained through the ftystematic oceanic surveys sponsored by the Carnegie Institution of Washington through its Department of Terrestrial Magnetism....

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Atmospheric Tides, Jacob Bjerknes Jan 1948

Atmospheric Tides, Jacob Bjerknes

Journal of Marine Research

The subject of at mospheric tides has been and still is a great challenge to the theoretical meteorologist. Despite the many bnlliant contributions to atmospheric tidal theory from the time of Laplace up to the present, one of the essential tidal features---- the surprisingly great amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide produced by the sun----still calls for a really convincing explanation....

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On Displacements And Intensity Changes Of Atmospheric Vortices, C. G. Rossby Jan 1948

On Displacements And Intensity Changes Of Atmospheric Vortices, C. G. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

Aerological investigations conducted during the last few years have revealed that the long, meandering disturbances characteristic of the middle latitude belt of westerlies in the upper troposphere frequently increase in amplitude until troughs and ridges finally are cut off from the main current, thus forming cold cyclonic vortices on the equatorial side of the west-wind belt and warm anticyclonic vortices on the north side thereof. True vortices, with nearly vertical axes, are thus characteristic phenomena not only of equatorial regions where they appear as tropical cyclones but also of middle latitudes. The middle latitude vortices seem to be phenomena of …

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Progress In The Statistical Theory Of Turbulance, Theodore Von Kármán Jan 1948

Progress In The Statistical Theory Of Turbulance, Theodore Von Kármán

Journal of Marine Research

The fundamental notion of statistical mean values in fluid mechanics was first introduced by Reynolds (1894). In his description of the turbulent motion he started from the molecular disorder. By considering the mean value and correlations in the molecular motion, as it was shown before, one obtains the equation of Stokes-Navier (1845, 1822).

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Reflection Of Tsunamis, J. D. Cochrane, R. S. Arthur Jan 1948

Reflection Of Tsunamis, J. D. Cochrane, R. S. Arthur

Journal of Marine Research

Waves are reflected whenever they move into a region where their speed of propagation changes. It has generally been found that for appreciable reflection a large change in speed of propagation must occur over a distance which is small compared to a wave length....

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The Transmission Of Energy By Gravity Waves Of Finite Height, Victor P. Starr, George W. Platzman Jan 1948

The Transmission Of Energy By Gravity Waves Of Finite Height, Victor P. Starr, George W. Platzman

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction. One of the obvious properties of a train of gravity waves is the transmission of energy in the direction of wave propagation. It is therefore a matter of considerable interest to compute the rate of this energy transfer for waves of given characteristics.

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The Effect Of Ocean Current On Internal Waves, Bernhard Haurwitz Jan 1948

The Effect Of Ocean Current On Internal Waves, Bernhard Haurwitz

Journal of Marine Research

In a fluid whose density changes with the height, either abruptly at a sharp surface of discontinuity or gradually, it is possible to have internal wave motions whose amplitude is greatest at the density discontinuity or, in the case of a gradual density change, somewhere in the interior of the fluid and not at the free upper surface where the surface waves have their maximum amplitude....

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A Model Of The Vertical Structure Of Mass In Equatorial Wind-Driven Currents Of A Baroclinic Ocean, Robert O. Reid Jan 1948

A Model Of The Vertical Structure Of Mass In Equatorial Wind-Driven Currents Of A Baroclinic Ocean, Robert O. Reid

Journal of Marine Research

A model for the vertical distribution of density, which approximates observed conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, is presented. This consists of a homogeneous layer near the surf ace overlying a baroclinic medium wherein the density varies exponentially in such a manner as to approach a constant value with increasing depth.

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Some Empirical Relations Between Seasonal Values Of (E–P) And Surface Salinities Over The North Atlantic, Woodrow C. Jacobs Jan 1948

Some Empirical Relations Between Seasonal Values Of (E–P) And Surface Salinities Over The North Atlantic, Woodrow C. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

In the absence of horizontal flow, the surface salinity of any part of the ocean is mainly determined by three processes: Decrease of salinity by precipitation P, increase of salinity by evaporation E, and change of salinity by vertical mixing

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The Theory Of The Electric Field Induced In Deep Ocean Currents, Henry Stommel Jan 1948

The Theory Of The Electric Field Induced In Deep Ocean Currents, Henry Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

The Problem. Due to the fact that the water in the ocean is a conductor, and that it is everywhere under the influence of the earth's magnetic field, we should expect, by the law of electric induction, that wherever the water is in motion electric potentials and currents will be established. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the theory of these phenomena in the deep ocean and to indicate certain analytical solutions of the problem which demonstrate the important physical aspects of electlic fields associated with ocean currents.

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The Sea Sampler, Athelstan F. Spilhaus, Arthur R. Miller Jan 1948

The Sea Sampler, Athelstan F. Spilhaus, Arthur R. Miller

Journal of Marine Research

The original sea sampler, as described by Spilhaus (1940), consisted of six bottles, each built somewhat like a small version of a standard Nansen bottle. These surrounded a cylinder containing a releasing block which was operated by an ordinary bathythermograph pressure element. The tripping block, which was moved by the pressure element, was scored and grooved to accommodate a series of triggers, one for each bottle, which closed the stop-cocks in turn as the whole instrument reached predetermined pressures....

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Fog Development At San Diego, California, Dale F. Leipper Jan 1948

Fog Development At San Diego, California, Dale F. Leipper

Journal of Marine Research

If true fog alone be considered-that is, suspended water particles which reduce horizontal visibility at the earth's surface to 1,000 meters (or½ mile) or less-then fog at San Diego occurs nearly four times as frequently during the winter period, from October through April, as during the remaining months of the year (11, p. 34)....

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Underwater Ambient Noise, R. S. Alford, J. W. Emling Jan 1948

Underwater Ambient Noise, R. S. Alford, J. W. Emling

Journal of Marine Research

Underwater sound continues to be a problem of high priority in naval warfare. Since atomic bombing may render obsolete most types of surface ships, the relative if not absolute importance of the submarine certainly has increased. Thus, the U. S. Navy logistics chief recently told a congressional committee, "By far the most important and difficult problem which confronts the navy in so far as ship characteristics and fleet operating technique are concemed is the problem of undersea warfare."

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Diatoms Populations Associated With Eddies Off Southern California In 1941, Marston C. Sargent, Theodore J. Walker Jan 1948

Diatoms Populations Associated With Eddies Off Southern California In 1941, Marston C. Sargent, Theodore J. Walker

Journal of Marine Research

During 1941 the E. W. SCRIPPS made ten cruises off southern California, each covering the same area of about 80,000 square kilometers. The cruise plan consisted of a grid of approximately 40 stations. At each station a catch was made with the Allen five-liter closing bottle every ten meters from the surface to 60 meters. The catch was filtered through a net of No. 25 silk bolting cloth, and the diatoms so collected were later identified, counted and recorded as the number of diatoms per liter....

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Nutrition, Environmental Conditions, And Growth Of Marine Bivalve Mollusks, Wesley R. Coe Jan 1948

Nutrition, Environmental Conditions, And Growth Of Marine Bivalve Mollusks, Wesley R. Coe

Journal of Marine Research

Recent investigations on the nutrition of the ciliary-feeding bivalves indicate that, although many varieties of organic and inorganic substances are ingested, most of the actual food is assimilated by the intracellular digestion of very small cells and particles. This is accomplished mainly by the phagocytic cells of the digestive organ (digestive diverticula, or "liver"), but it is aided to a small extent by migratory phagocytic cells in the lumen of the alimentary canal....

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A Biochemical Study Of The Marine Annelid Worm, Thoracophelia Mucronata: Its Food, Biochromes And Carotenoid Metabolism, Denis L. Fox, Sheldon C. Crane, Bayard H. Mcconnaughey Jan 1948

A Biochemical Study Of The Marine Annelid Worm, Thoracophelia Mucronata: Its Food, Biochromes And Carotenoid Metabolism, Denis L. Fox, Sheldon C. Crane, Bayard H. Mcconnaughey

Journal of Marine Research

Comparative biochemical studies of numerous marine invertebrates and fishes have indicated that the majority of such species so far examined selectively assimilate and store xanthophyllic or allied oxygenated carotenoids rather than carotenes, when consuming food containing both types of pigment. In some forms there is complete exclusion of carotenes, e.g., in several fishes, in the sea mussel (Mytilus californianus), in at least three brittle stars, and in some color-variants of the anemone Metridium senile. Some asteroid echinoderms store carotenes, but in far lower concentrations than xanthophylls, while four species of echinoids appear to assimilate relatively greater quantities of carotenes (Fox, …

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New Genera And Species Of Batoid Fishes, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder Jan 1948

New Genera And Species Of Batoid Fishes, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder

Journal of Marine Research

The trawling campaigns carried out by the research vessel ATLANTIS of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution along the north and south coasts of Cuba during the winter of 1938 and spring of 1939, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and of Harvard University, brought to light along the 200-500 fathom zone an abundant population of small skates (Family Rajidae), the existence of which had not previously been suspected there....

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Estimations Of Abundance Of The Eggs Of The Pacific Pilchard (Sardinops Caerulea) Off Southern California During 1940 And 1941, Oscar E. Sette, Elbert H. Ahlstrom Jan 1948

Estimations Of Abundance Of The Eggs Of The Pacific Pilchard (Sardinops Caerulea) Off Southern California During 1940 And 1941, Oscar E. Sette, Elbert H. Ahlstrom

Journal of Marine Research

One of the more important items of information required for an understanding of the dynamics of population numbers in marine fish stocks is the rate of replenishment of the stock through its reproductive process. It has been established for the Pacific pilchard, or California sardine (Sardinops caerulea), that some spawning seasons give rise to much larger year-classes than others (Clark, 1939), as measured at the time the year-class reaches commercial age....

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Radioactivity Of Ocean Sediments Vii. Rate Of Deposition Of Deep-Sea Sediments, Wm. D. Urry Jan 1948

Radioactivity Of Ocean Sediments Vii. Rate Of Deposition Of Deep-Sea Sediments, Wm. D. Urry

Journal of Marine Research

Many of the problems of past geological history and of present processes of sedimentation require a knowledge of the rate of accumulation of marine sediments. A very important step in the determination of the rate of deposition of a sediment is the measurement of a time interval. This is equally true whether use be made of the stratigraphic method with core samples or the supply method based upon the rate of supply of sedimentary material to the sea. The stratigraphic method gives rates for individual localities, whereas the supply method yields averages for large areas over long periods of geological …

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Radium Analyses Of Marine Sediments In Northern Pacific And Adjacent Waters, C. L. Utterback, L. A. Sanderman Jan 1948

Radium Analyses Of Marine Sediments In Northern Pacific And Adjacent Waters, C. L. Utterback, L. A. Sanderman

Journal of Marine Research

Although systematic soundings of the ocean bottom were initiated approximately 100 years ago, and although the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey took hundreds of ocean bottom samples beginning about 75 years ago, it was not until the ship CARNEGIE collected a number of bottom samples at great depths that information began to be available on the radioactive properties of deep ocean sediments....

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The Determination Of Phosphates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1948

The Determination Of Phosphates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

The concentration of phosphates in sea water varies from 0.000 to about 2.00 microgram atoms (µg. atoms) phosphate-phosphorus per liter at 20° C. Occasionally a maximum of 3.00 µg. atoms may be found in some deep arms of the sea.

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