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The Determination And Distribution Of Particulate Aluminum And Iron In The Costal Waters Of The Pacific Northwest, Timothy Joyner Jan 1964

The Determination And Distribution Of Particulate Aluminum And Iron In The Costal Waters Of The Pacific Northwest, Timothy Joyner

Journal of Marine Research

The simultaneous spectrophotometric analysis of aluminum and iron with a mixed reagent consisting of ferron and orthophenanthroline was used for the determination of these elements in particulate matter filtered from seawater. The aluminum associated with suspended clay minerals may be used as a sensitive measure of the distribution of runoff plumes in coastal areas. In the coastal waters of Washington and British Columbia, aluminum-rich runoff plumes were enriched also with particulate iron.

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The Cross Spectrum Of Sea Level At San Francisco And Honolulu, Gordon W. Groves, Bernard D. Zetler Jan 1964

The Cross Spectrum Of Sea Level At San Francisco And Honolulu, Gordon W. Groves, Bernard D. Zetler

Journal of Marine Research

Continuous series of tide records from 1905 to 1956 at San Francisco and Honolulu were reduced to smoothed values at 32-hour intervals. The cross spectrum of the resulting seri es was computed by the Tukey method for 750 narrow-frequency bands at intervals of 0.0005 cycles per day. The curves of spectral-energy density vary smoothly with frequency; the only significant peaks occur at tidal frequencies....

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Radioactivity And Its Relationship To Oceanic Food Chains, Charles Osterberg, William G. Pearcy, Herbert Curl Jr. Jan 1964

Radioactivity And Its Relationship To Oceanic Food Chains, Charles Osterberg, William G. Pearcy, Herbert Curl Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Gamma-ray spectra of some primary producers (single-cell plants), filter-feeding herbivores, and carnivores, assigned to trophic levels I, II, and III–V, respectively, were prepared from marine samples taken in the Pacific off Oregon during 1961–1962. These organisms had been exposed in their natural environment to both fission produ cts from fallout and neutron-induced radionuclides from reactors on the Columbia River....

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Sea-Level Variations At Iceland And Bermuda, David M. Shaw, William L. Donn Jan 1964

Sea-Level Variations At Iceland And Bermuda, David M. Shaw, William L. Donn

Journal of Marine Research

Data from tide gauges at Iceland and Bermuda combined with data on atmospheric pressure at both stations plus hydrographic serial observations at Bermuda are utilized to analyze sea-level variations in both regions. Residual sea-level anomalies (raw sea-level anomaly minus barometric and steric effects) are computed and discussed for Bermuda. The analysis, which indicates a periodicity of four months, is regarded as very tentative....

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Explosion-Generated Waves In Water Of Variable Depth, Wm. G. Van Dorn Jan 1964

Explosion-Generated Waves In Water Of Variable Depth, Wm. G. Van Dorn

Journal of Marine Research

This study shows that the theory of geometric optics adequately predicts the behavior of a dispersive wave system radiating from a large chemical explosion over sloping bottom topography. The phase and amplitude of an equivalent wave train (reconstructed from the observed data for uniform depth equal to that at the explosion site) are shown to be consistent with the phase and amplitude predicted by theory for the wave system produced by an initial parabolic crater in the water....

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A Study Of Production In The Gulf Of Mexico, J. H. Steele Jan 1964

A Study Of Production In The Gulf Of Mexico, J. H. Steele

Journal of Marine Research

Theoretical reasons are given to show that midwater chlorophyll maxima may be due to an increase in the chlorophyll content of the plants rather than to an accumulation of plants due to sinking. Data from the Gulf of Mexico are used to support this explanation.

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Volcanism And Clay Minerals In The Southeastern Pacific, M. N.A. Peterson, J. J. Griffin Jan 1964

Volcanism And Clay Minerals In The Southeastern Pacific, M. N.A. Peterson, J. J. Griffin

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of clay mineral suites in surficial sediments of the southeastern Pacific is clearly r elated to variations in the composition of volcanic contributions to the sediments. The ratio of alkali feldspar plus quartz to plagioclase has been used to characterize the volcanic contributions. Sediments in areas of dominantly acidic volcanism contain clay mineral suites that are largely of detrital origin, mainly "illite" and chlorite....

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The Spacing Of Windrows Of Sargassum In The Ocean, Alan J. Faller, Alfred H. Woodcock Jan 1964

The Spacing Of Windrows Of Sargassum In The Ocean, Alan J. Faller, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

The spacing of bands of Sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean is shown to be dependent upon the wind speed. These bands are indicative of the presence of helical vortices in the surface waters, and the data support Langmuir's contention that the vortices are wind-driven.

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Some Distributional Features Of Mesopelagic Fishes Off Oregon, William G. Pearcy Jan 1964

Some Distributional Features Of Mesopelagic Fishes Off Oregon, William G. Pearcy

Journal of Marine Research

Over 200 collections made between June 1961 and August 1962 with a six-foot Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl at various depths down to 1000 m (mostly down to 200 m) along three latitudes off Oregon have provided preliminary data on species composition, sampling variability, diurnal vertical migrations, depth distribution, and seasonal and geographic variations of adult and large juvenile mesopelagic fishes....

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On The Arbitrary Suppression Of Vertical Motion In Wind-Driven Oceanic Models, A. R. Robinson Jan 1964

On The Arbitrary Suppression Of Vertical Motion In Wind-Driven Oceanic Models, A. R. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction. There has appeared in the oceanographic literature a series of articles in which the response of a three-dimensional ocean to a distribution of surface wind-stress has been investigated under the assumption that the vertical velocity may be entirely neglected in considering the vertical distribution of horizontal flow (hereafter referred to as the w = 0 assumption). The resulting circulation contains features that are contradictory to the flow in more orthodox models....

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Chlorinity Determination In Estuarine Waters By Physical Measurement, Hulen B. Williams, Vincent Farrugia, Anthony Ekker, Elard L. Haden Jan 1964

Chlorinity Determination In Estuarine Waters By Physical Measurement, Hulen B. Williams, Vincent Farrugia, Anthony Ekker, Elard L. Haden

Journal of Marine Research

The differential refractometer has been used as an effective instrument for chlorinity determination. Results obtained through its application have been compared with those derived from the use of less sensitive refractometers and with those obtained from specific conductivity measurements. The advantages of differential refractive-index measurements when applied to water in an estuarial brackish marsh basin are demonstrated....

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The Equations Of Continuity For Seawater And River Water In Estuaries, Robert S. Arthur Jan 1964

The Equations Of Continuity For Seawater And River Water In Estuaries, Robert S. Arthur

Journal of Marine Research

Conservation equations for a mixture of fluids with two components are reviewed. Equations of continuity for sea (salt) water and for river (fresh) water in a turbulent mixing process in an estuary are developed. One source of error in certain similar equations in the literature is the omission of the turbulent diffusion flux.

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On Stratified Flow Over Bottom Topography, S. J. Jacobs Jan 1964

On Stratified Flow Over Bottom Topography, S. J. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

A rotating stratified fluid is bounded above by a horizontal plane and below by bottom topography in the form of a long ridge on a horizontal plane. Far upstream of the topog - raphy, the flow in the main body of the fluid is uniform and barotropic and is directed at right angles to the depth contours. The equations of motion are transformed so that temperature appears as an independent variable....

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A Tension Recorder For Deep-Sea Dredging And Coring, Peter L. Sachs Jan 1964

A Tension Recorder For Deep-Sea Dredging And Coring, Peter L. Sachs

Journal of Marine Research

The use of a tension meter or dynamometer for deep-sea dredging and coring is common practice on oceanographic vessels (Sigsbee 1880: 159–160, Thomson and Murray 1885: 61–63, Soule 1949: 49–50, Kullenberg 1955). However, in deep water, variations in wire tension that indicate bottom contact are frequently masked by the "background" of tension fluctuations due to the ship's motion....

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Nutrient Regeneration From Phytoplankton Decomposing In Seawater, Edwin V. Grill, Francis A. Richards Jan 1964

Nutrient Regeneration From Phytoplankton Decomposing In Seawater, Edwin V. Grill, Francis A. Richards

Journal of Marine Research

A laboratory model of the regeneration of the inorganic nutrient salts of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon from diatom cells decaying in the dark while subject to bacterial attack was studied. The system was analyzed for phosphate, dissolved and particulate organic phosphorus, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved and particulate nitrogen, and orthosilicate concentrations. The observations extended over a period of more than one year, but the significant changes appear to have been restricted to the first five months....

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Mass Transport By Water Waves On A Steady Stream, E. J. Katz Jan 1964

Mass Transport By Water Waves On A Steady Stream, E. J. Katz

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents a study of the mass transport induced by the propagation of an infinitesimal disturbance on a steady stream of arbitrary vorticity distribution and direction. The three-dimensional velocity field is related to the scalar pressure field, and the particle trajectories are determined in a Lagrangian analysis that includes terms of the order of the wave slope squared....

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On Dissipation Of Tsunamis And Barotropic Motions By Tidal Currents, Gordon W. Groves Jan 1964

On Dissipation Of Tsunamis And Barotropic Motions By Tidal Currents, Gordon W. Groves

Journal of Marine Research

Only water motion for which the orbital velocity is horizontal and uniform in each vertical column is considered. If there is nonlinear bottom stress, then any mode will be influenced by all other barotropic motions present, the most important of which is the forced tide. In order that all free modes decay, the forced tide must have a unique, conditionally stable solution in the Liapounoff sense....

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A Note On Wave Set-Up, M. S. Longuet-Higgins, R. W. Stewart Jan 1963

A Note On Wave Set-Up, M. S. Longuet-Higgins, R. W. Stewart

Journal of Marine Research

Seaward of the breaker zone, the observations of Saville are in good qualitative agreement with the prediction that the mean surface level is increasingly depressed towards the shoreline…

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Mass Transfer Of Carbon Dioxide Across Sea Surfaces, Yoshio Sugiura, Edward R. Ibert, Donald W. Hood Jan 1963

Mass Transfer Of Carbon Dioxide Across Sea Surfaces, Yoshio Sugiura, Edward R. Ibert, Donald W. Hood

Journal of Marine Research

The rate of mass transfer of carbon dioxide across the sea surface was investigated in the laboratory and at sea. In the laboratory, radioactive tracer techniques were employed using high specific activity C14O2. The equilibrium distribution of CO2 is not affected greatly and the mass transfer measured is very nearly the exchange coefficient....

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Solubilities Of Nitrogen, Oxygen, And Argon In Distilled Water, Cornelius E. Klots, Bruce B. Benson Jan 1963

Solubilities Of Nitrogen, Oxygen, And Argon In Distilled Water, Cornelius E. Klots, Bruce B. Benson

Journal of Marine Research

The solubilities of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in distilled water in the temperature range 2-27°C have been measured with an estimated accuracy approaching 0.1%. Both absolute and solubility ratio techniques were employed. Tabulations are presented and interrelationships among the results are noted.

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A New Method For The Chemical Determination Of Radium In Sea Water, Yukio Sugimura, Hiroyuki Tsubota Jan 1963

A New Method For The Chemical Determination Of Radium In Sea Water, Yukio Sugimura, Hiroyuki Tsubota

Journal of Marine Research

In a method for the determination of radium in sea water, radium is coprecipitated with calcium carbonate from the sea water and redissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid; it is then isolated by precipitation with barium rhodizonate, followed by separation on an ion exchange column. The radium compound is then dried and ignited on a platinum disk, and its radioactivity is measured with an α-spectrometer. The average recovery of radium from sea water is 94.0 ± 2.0%.

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Uniclamp, A Load-Bearing Termination For Oil-Well, Logging-Type Cables, F. H. Fisher, C. S. Mundy Jan 1963

Uniclamp, A Load-Bearing Termination For Oil-Well, Logging-Type Cables, F. H. Fisher, C. S. Mundy

Journal of Marine Research

Uniclamp, a simple, durable, and easily installed device used currently for oceanographic work permits mechanical loads to be attached to an oil-well, logging-type cable containing coaxial electrical leads, and it has the desirable feature of bearing loads up to the ultimate strength of the armored cable. This clamp secures the armor between a slightly tapered hollow spindle within the cable and a similarly tapered external block. This device is easy to dismantle and to reuse.

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Ocean-Wave Measurement By Sonar, C. G. Mcilwraith, S. D. Hays Jan 1963

Ocean-Wave Measurement By Sonar, C. G. Mcilwraith, S. D. Hays

Journal of Marine Research

A bottom-mounted, narrow-beam active sonar has been designed, built, and operated to measure wave height in the open ocean. Experiments were carried out at a depth of 44 m. The apparatus is capable of measuring wave height at depths ranging from 6 to 67 m without modification, and to 150 m with a minimum of development. The amplitude resolution of the wave measurements was about 1 cm, and the spatial resolution on the surface of the ocean was approximately 60 cm. The wave data have been processed by digital methods, and the autocorrelation functions and power spectra of the ocean …

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On The Approximations Involved In Transforming The Equations Of Motion From A Spherial Surface To The Β-Plane. I. Barotropic Systems, George Veronis Jan 1963

On The Approximations Involved In Transforming The Equations Of Motion From A Spherial Surface To The Β-Plane. I. Barotropic Systems, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

The consequences arising from the consideration of geostrophy in a rotating barotropic fluid are re-examined. It is shown that geostrophy implies that the horizontal divergence must vanish. A simple case of a fluid flow that is not geostrophic is also investigated, showing that the potential vorticity (defined in terms of variables parallel to the axis of rotation) is conserved. The approximations involved in transforming this conservation principle to one having terms of locally normal variables are then investigated....

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Distribution Of Salinity And Dissolved Oxygen On Surfaces Of Uniform Potential Specific Volume In The South Atlantic, South Pacific, And Indian Oceans, Bruce A. Taft Jan 1963

Distribution Of Salinity And Dissolved Oxygen On Surfaces Of Uniform Potential Specific Volume In The South Atlantic, South Pacific, And Indian Oceans, Bruce A. Taft

Journal of Marine Research

Maps are presented that show the distributions of the salinity, dissolved oxygen, and depth of four potential specific-volume anomaly surfaces: 125, 100, 80, and 60 cl/t. Evidence indicates an anticyclonic circulation of water at intermediate depth in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Only in the South Pacific does water from the Circumpolar Current penetrate to low latitudes in a relatively unmixed condition. In the South Atlantic and South Indian oceans there is no counterpart for the poleward directed Peru-Chile Undercurrent. Low-salinity water from the Banda and Timor seas penetrates to the western South Indian Ocean on the 125-cl/t surface....

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A Note Concerning Topography And Inertial Currents, H. P. Greenspan Jan 1963

A Note Concerning Topography And Inertial Currents, H. P. Greenspan

Journal of Marine Research

A simple steady dynamical model of inertial currents incorporating the effects of bottom topography is studied. The results of this analysis and those of preceding investigations indicate that topography may exert considerable influence on the structure of the Gulf Stream, on its separation point from the coastline, and on its subsequent meander pattern.

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On The Approximations Involved In Transforming The Equations Of Motion From A Spherical Surface To The Β-Plane. Ii. Baroclinic Systems, George Veronis Jan 1963

On The Approximations Involved In Transforming The Equations Of Motion From A Spherical Surface To The Β-Plane. Ii. Baroclinic Systems, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

When the hydrodynamic equations of motion for large-scale geophysical flows are transformed from a spherical surface to the p-plane, the validity and usefulness of the resulting simplified system of equations are subject to certain restrictive conditions. These conditions are investigated and are found to be considerably weaker for baroclinic flows than for barotropic flows. In particular, if the locally horizontal component of the earth's rotation vector is to be neglected, it is necessary that the ratio of a characteristic vertical to a characteristic horizontal scale be much smaller than the tangent of the latitude....

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Some Features Of The Deep Water In The Gulf Of Mexico, H. J. Mclellan, W. D. Nowlin Jan 1963

Some Features Of The Deep Water In The Gulf Of Mexico, H. J. Mclellan, W. D. Nowlin

Journal of Marine Research

In the central Gulf of Mexico, 52 stations having depths greater than 1500 m were occupied within a seven-week period. The data for waters below sill depth (2000 m) show that the ranges of potential temperature and salinity are very limited, although weak vertical gradients indicate a slight positive stability....

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Long Surf, D. V. Ho, R. E. Meyer, M. C. Shen Jan 1963

Long Surf, D. V. Ho, R. E. Meyer, M. C. Shen

Journal of Marine Research

Theoretical investigations by the authors on surf due to long swell are summarized and presented here in a form unencumbered by mathematical technicalities. The conclusions derived thus far are mainly qualitative, but in some respects the r esults are quite detailed and differ radically from results of earlier investigations; some new observations are also presented....

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An Expendable Bathythermograph, Robert A. Rasmussen Jan 1963

An Expendable Bathythermograph, Robert A. Rasmussen

Journal of Marine Research

An in expensive bathythermograph comprising an expendable, radio-telemetering buoy and the associated shipboard apparatus is described, and some of the problems to be encountered in its development are considered briefly. Estimates of attainable specifications of an operational buoy, based on experience gained in the development of a crude laboratory model, are also presented.

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