Digital Commons Network^™

Use Of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems And Age Of Asthma Onset Among Us Adults And Youths, Adriana Pérez, Sarah Valencia, Pushan P Jani, Melissa B Harrell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: The association of use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with the age of asthma onset is unknown.

Objective: To explore the association of past 30-day ENDS use with the age of asthma onset in adults and youths who did not have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and never used cigarettes.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study was a secondary analysis of waves 1 to 6 of the US nationally representative Population of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2021). Eligible participants included adults (≥18 years) and youths (12-17 years) who did not have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Advancing Genomics To Improve Health Equity, Ebony B Madden, Lucia A Hindorff, Vence L Bonham, Tabia Henry Akintobi, Esteban G Burchard, Kellan E Baker, Rene L Begay, John D Carpten, Nancy J Cox, Valentina Di Francesco, Denise A Dillard, Faith E Fletcher, Stephanie M Fullerton, Nanibaa' A Garrison, Catherine M Hammack-Aviran, Vanessa Y Hiratsuka, James E K Hildreth, Carol R Horowitz, Chanita A Hughes Halbert, Michael Inouye, Amber Jackson, Latrice G Landry, Rick A Kittles, Jeff T Leek, Nita A Limdi, Nicole C Lockhart, Elizabeth O Ofili, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable, Maya Sabatello, Loren Saulsberry, Lorjetta E Schools, Jennifer L Troyer, Benjamin S Wilfond, Genevieve L Wojcik, Judy H Cho, Sandra S-J Lee, Eric D Green

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Health equity is the state in which everyone has fair and just opportunities to attain their highest level of health. The field of human genomics has fallen short in increasing health equity, largely because the diversity of the human population has been inadequately reflected among participants of genomics research. This lack of diversity leads to disparities that can have scientific and clinical consequences. Achieving health equity related to genomics will require greater effort in addressing inequities within the field. As part of the commitment of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) to advancing health equity, it convened experts in …

Nurses' Input On The Nursing Shortage, Patty Harnois-Church, Leann Horsley, Kathryn Wilhoit, Holly Wei

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Nurses’ Input on the Nursing Shortage

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of nurses regarding the nursing shortage in Tennessee.

Aim: To achieve this aim, four focus areas were examined through listening sessions with stakeholders across four regions in the state. These focus areas included addressing the nursing pipeline, developing innovative clinical and academic models, supporting nurses' well-being, and sharing data about the shortage of nurses throughout the state.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using focus group interviews for data collection. The study employed a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis approach …

Regimes For Lender Of Last Resort Assistance To Illiquid Monetary Institutions: Lessons In The Wake Of Credit Suisse, Paul Tucker

Documents

No abstract provided.

Mental Healthcare Differences Between The United States, Costa Rica, And Sweden, Michaela Diehm

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Countries such as the United States, Costa Rica, and Sweden differ in the ways that they approach treatment of mental health disorders, which is due to the structure of their healthcare as well as the culture, affordability, accessibility, and type of treatment that is available to the people of that country. A literature review did not reveal a comparison of the three countries related to the topic of mental healthcare, nor use of the three selected countries to review their structures to determine the best approach to combating mental disorders before. Costa Rica and Sweden are both countries with universal …

A Structured Curriculum Supporting Biomedical Trainees’ Transition Into Independent Academic Positions And Early Career Success, Mabel Perez-Oquendo, Gabriele Romano, David P Farris, Varsha Gandhi, Ignacio I Wistuba, Robert E Tillman, Ryan Udan, Paolo Mangahas, Rama Soundararajan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The United States government makes a substantial investment in biomedical training programs each year. However, for most trainees, these opportunities do not translate into career progression in academic research pathways. Only about one-fifth of postdoctoral fellows eventually secure a tenure-track faculty position, and even among these candidates, attrition is high. Although a number of factors govern career choices and career longevity, the transition from trainee to faculty is a challenging process and requires knowledge and skills that are not necessarily developed during a traditional university experience. Many postdoctoral fellows receive adequate training in research skills and scientific communication, but new …

Secrets, Soviets, And Sverdlovsk: Critiques Of The Biological Weapons Convention And Biosecurity In The 1970s And 1980s, Morgan Kelley

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

The Biological Weapons Convention, initially ratified in 1975, banned the production and stockpiling of biological weapons; however, it has faced considerable modern criticism for being unenforceable and not strong enough to ensure states' compliance. These modern critiques are based on the knowledge that the Soviet Union was in violation of the Convention, which was not confirmed until 1989. By analyzing the reactions to the Biological Weapons Convention by scholars and scientists, American intelligence officials, and American news media, it becomes clear that concerns about the Convention did exist prior to 1989, even when for many it was not certain that …

We Need A Solid Scientific Basis For Nature-Based Climate Solutions In The United States, Kimberly A. Novick, Trevor F. Keenan, William R L Anderegg, Caroline P. Normile, Benjamin R K Runkle, Emily E. Oldfield, Gyami Shrestha, Margaret E K Evans, Dennis D. Baldocchi, James T. Randerson, Jonathan Sanderman, Margaret S. Torn, Anna T. Trugman, Christopher A. Williams

Geography

Opinion piece mapping the many challenges and variables around nature-based climate solutions (NbCS) in the United States, and the need to pinpoint large-scale strategies that will lead to significant, durable, and measurable net climate cooling. They must do so without simply displacing emissions to other locations.

Overview Of Resolution Under Title Ii Of The Dodd-Frank Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Monophosphoryl Lipid A-Based Adjuvant To Promote The Immunogenicity Of Multivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines, Kishore Alugupalli

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Activation of the adaptive immune system requires the engagement of costimulatory pathways in addition to B and T cell Ag receptor signaling, and adjuvants play a central role in this process. Many Gram-negative bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, including the tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCV4) and typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccines, do not incorporate adjuvants. The immunogenicity of typhoid vaccines is due to the presence of associated TLR4 ligands in these vaccines. Because the immunogenicity of MCV4 is poor and requires boosters, I hypothesized that TLR4 ligands are absent in MCV4 and that incorporation of a TLR4 ligand-based adjuvant would improve their immunogenicity. …

Money Laundering In The United States: A Review Of Current Regulations And Threats, Grace Hutchinson

Senior Honors Theses

Money laundering is the act of hiding illegally obtained money in the financial system. There are three stages of money laundering: placing, layering, and integration. In the United States, the Bank Secrecy Act, monitored by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), requires companies to establish an anti-money laundering (AML) compliance program and to exercise customer due diligence as preventative measures. The US government can detect money laundering through Suspicious Activity Reports, Currency Transaction Reports, and whistleblower tips. However, AML threats and vulnerabilities such as Professional Money Launderers, cryptocurrency, and the global art market allow criminals to continue to launder money …

What Figures Lurk On Madame Elysé’S Path? Reflections On Philippe Sands’ The Last Colony, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

One person’s life forms the core around which Philippe Sands’ The Last Colony explores the events leading up to the advisory opinion on the Legal Consequences of Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. That person is Liseby Bertrand Elysé, who was born in 1953 in Chagos, then forcibly removed to Mauritius in 1973. Her efforts to return home eventually brought her to a 2018 hearing at The Hague, where she spoke to the International Court of Justice bench by means of a subtitled video. This essay, which appears in a symposium issue on Sands’ book, investigates the ethics, the effectiveness, …

Telehealth Evaluation In The United States: Protocol For A Scoping Review, Yunxi Zhang, Yueh-Yun Lin, Lincy S Lal, Jennifer C Reneker, Elizabeth G Hinton, Saurabh Chandra, J Michael Swint

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The rapid expansion of telehealth services, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates systematic evaluation to guarantee the quality, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of telehealth services and programs in the United States. While numerous evaluation frameworks have emerged, crafted by various stakeholders, their comprehensiveness is limited, and the overall state of telehealth evaluation remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: The overarching goal of this scoping review is to create a comprehensive overview of telehealth evaluation, incorporating perspectives from multiple stakeholder categories. Specifically, we aim to (1) map the existing landscape of telehealth evaluation, (2) identify key concepts for evaluation, (3) synthesize existing evaluation frameworks, …

Trends In Cardiovascular Mortality In The United States From 1968 To 2019: Analysis Of The Cdc Wonder Database, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Kartik Gupta, Vardhmaan Jain, Tanya Singh Kakar, Anwar T Merchant, Michael D Shapiro, Layla A Abushamat, Vijay Nambi, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The Underappreciated Virtues Of The Supreme Court's Ethics Code, Louis J. Virelli Iii

Hofstra Law Review

The article explores the historical context and contemporary implications of the bar exam as a gateway to the legal profession in the U.S. It highlights the discriminatory roots of the bar exam, which was historically used as a tool of exclusion, particularly targeting people of color and immigrants seeking to enter the legal profession.

Evaluation Of A Collaborative Model Between Managed Care And Affordable Housing On Acute Care Costs, Jack Tsai, Suja Rajan, Chau Truong, Vanessa Schick, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: This study evaluated a collaborative service model between the largest Medicaid managed care organization (MCO) in Texas, Superior HealthPlan, and the affordable housing provider Prospera Housing Community Services.

Study design: Using a quasi-experimental 2-groups research design, we compared health care outcomes and costs between a sample of 104 participants served by the Prospera+Superior collaborative model and a group of 104 participants who had health care coverage through the Superior HealthPlan Medicaid MCO but did not live at Prospera properties (ie, Superior-only group).

Methods: Data from medical claims were analyzed to examine change in outcomes 12 months before and after …

Watching The Fall Of Roe V Wade: Media Exposure Relates To Us Women's Alcohol Use Intentions, Stacy M Post, Mary C Jobe, Arianne N Malekzadeh, Katarina E Aubuchon, Rebecca K Hoffman, Michelle L Stock, Lisa Bowleg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The Supreme Court of the United States’ decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in June 2022 overturned Roe v. Wade and ended federal protection of abortion rights. Given the drastic policy changes as a result of the ruling and high exposure to media related to abortion, women opposed to the decision may have experienced distress, which could trigger maladaptive coping strategies, such as alcohol use. The present research examined how consuming abortion-related media in the weeks following the Dobbs decision impacted alcohol use intentions among women of reproductive age residing in the 13 “trigger law” states that …

Igg In The Trenches: Results Of An In-Depth Interview Study On The Practice, Politics, And Future Of Investigative Genetic Genealogy, Christi J Guerrini, Whitney Bash Brooks, Jill O Robinson, Stephanie M Fullerton, Emily Zoorob, Amy L Mcguire

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) is a new technique for identifying criminal suspects and unidentified deceased and living persons that has sparked controversy. In a criminal case, the technique involves uploading genetic information left by a putative perpetrator at the crime scene to one or more direct-to-consumer genetic genealogy databases with the intention of identifying the perpetrator's genetic relatives and, eventually, locating the perpetrator on the family tree. In 2018, IGG helped to identify the Golden State Killer, and it has since been used in hundreds of investigations in the United States. Here, we report findings from in-depth interviews with 24 …

Racial Discrimination, Knowledge, And Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role Of Hepatitis B-Related Stigma Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B, Julia G. Katcher, Ann C. Klassen, Hie-Won Hann, Mimi Chang, Hee-Soon Juon

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

It is well described in current literature that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects Asian Americans more than any other racial group in the United States and that there is a stigma attached to this condition. The effects of stigma can be lasting, penetrating physiologically and psychologically, yet few studies have focused on the consequences of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of stigma in the effect of racial discrimination and knowledge (of HBV sequelae) on health status of Korean Americans with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Three hundred sixty-five CHB patients were recruited and …

Generalizable Pipeline For Constructing Hiv Risk Prediction Models Across Electronic Health Record Systems, Sarah B May, Thomas P Giordano, Assaf Gottlieb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The HIV epidemic remains a significant public health issue in the United States. HIV risk prediction models could be beneficial for reducing HIV transmission by helping clinicians identify patients at high risk for infection and refer them for testing. This would facilitate initiation on treatment for those unaware of their status and pre-exposure prophylaxis for those uninfected but at high risk. Existing HIV risk prediction algorithms rely on manual construction of features and are limited in their application across diverse electronic health record systems. Furthermore, the accuracy of these models in predicting HIV in females has thus far been …

Pulmonary Fibrosis Stakeholder Summit: A Joint Nhlbi, Three Lakes Foundation, And Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Workshop Report, Sydney B Montesi, Christian R Gomez, Michael Beers, Robert Brown, Ishanu Chattopadhyay, Kevin R Flaherty, Christine Kim Garcia, Brigitte Gomperts, Lida P Hariri, Cory M Hogaboam, R Gisli Jenkins, Naftali Kaminski, Grace Hyun J Kim, Melanie Königshoff, Martin Kolb, Darrell N Kotton, Jonathan A Kropski, Joseph Lasky, Chelsea M Magin, Toby M Maher, Mark Mccormick, Bethany B Moore, Cheryl Nickerson-Nutter, Justin Oldham, Anna J Podolanczuk, Ganesh Raghu, Ivan Rosas, Steven M Rowe, William T Schmidt, David Schwartz, Jessica E Shore, Cathie Spino, J Matthew Craig, Fernando J Martinez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite progress in elucidation of disease mechanisms, identification of risk factors, biomarker discovery, and the approval of two medications to slow lung function decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and one medication to slow lung function decline in progressive pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality. In recognition of the need to catalyze ongoing advances and collaboration in the field of pulmonary fibrosis, the NHLBI, the Three Lakes Foundation, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation hosted the Pulmonary Fibrosis Stakeholder Summit on November 8–9, 2022. This workshop was held virtually and was organized into three topic …

Current Practices, Perceived Barriers, And Promising Implementation Strategies For Improving Quality Of Smoking Cessation Support In Accredited Cancer Programs Of The American College Of Surgeons., Jamie S. Ostroff, Eileen M. Reilly, Jessica L. Burris, Graham W. Warren, Rachel C. Shelton, Timothy W. Mullett, Just Ask Quality Improvement Task Force

Psychology Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Persistent smoking is associated with poor outcomes in cancer care. It is strongly recommended that oncology care providers provide cessation support; however, there is limited information about smoking cessation assessment and treatment patterns in routine oncology practice.

METHODS: Leaders of the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) and National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (National Accredited Program for Breast Cancer) elected to participate in a national quality improvement initiative (Just ASK) focused on smoking assessment/treatment in cancer care. Online baseline survey responses were received from 762 accredited programs.

RESULTS: Most programs reported regularly asking about smoking (89.9%), …

Identification Of A Novel Cg307 Sub-Clade In Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand, Chin-Ting Wu, Jordan Bremer, Micah Bhatti, Todd J Treangen, Awdhesh Kalia, Samuel A Shelburne, William C Shropshire

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite the notable clinical impact, recent molecular epidemiology regarding third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Klebsiella pneumoniae in the USA remains limited. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 3GC-R K. pneumoniae bacteraemia isolates collected from March 2016 to May 2022 at a tertiary care cancer centre in Houston, TX, USA, using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. A comprehensive comparative genomic analysis was performed to dissect population structure, transmission dynamics and pan-genomic signatures of our 3GC-R K. pneumoniae population. Of the 178 3GC-R K. pneumoniae bacteraemias that occurred during our study time frame, we were able to analyse 153 (86 %) bacteraemia isolates, 126 …

Personalized Roadmaps For Returning Results From Digital Phenotyping, Kristin Marie Kostick-Quenet, John Herrington, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Variability In The Prevalence Of Food Insecurity And Diet Quality Among United States Children, Jayna M Dave, Tzuan A Chen, Alexandra N Castro, Mamie White, Elizabeth A Onugha, Sloane Zimmerman, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Understanding the association between food security status (FSS) and diet quality in children is crucial. This study investigated regional variability in FSS, participation in the federal nutrition assistance program (FNAP), and diet quality among US children. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. The association between FSS, FNAP participation, and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index—HEI-2015) was assessed using multiple linear/logistic regression models. The sample included 6403 children (mean age: 7.5 years; 51% male; 33% Hispanic). Within the sample, 13% reported child food insecurity, and 30% reported household food insecurity. Additionally, 90% participated in …

Pediatric Medical Subspecialist Use In Outpatient Settings, Christopher B Forrest, Candice P Chen, Eliana M Perrin, Christopher J Stille, Ruth Cooper, Katherine Harris, Qian Luo, Mitchell G Maltenfort, Lauren E Parlett

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance

A first step toward understanding whether pediatric medical subspecialists are meeting the needs of the nation’s children is describing rates of use and trends over time.

Objectives

To quantify rates of outpatient pediatric medical subspecialty use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated cross-sectional study of annual subspecialist use examined 3 complementary data sources: electronic health records from PEDSnet (8 large academic medical centers [January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021]); administrative data from the Healthcare Integrated Research Database (HIRD) (14 commercial health plans [January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021]); and administrative data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information …

High Suicide Rates Among Young Adults In The United States, Glory Thomas

Ballard Brief

The United States has a much higher suicide rate than other developed countries with an average of 14.5 deaths by suicide per 100,000 people per year. By contrast, the majority of countries across Europe, South America, and Asia report substantially lower rates, typically falling below 10 deaths per 100,000 people each year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young adults in the United States. Suicide is a public health crisis and is caused by multiple factors like untreated mental illness, individual attitudes towards suicide, and socio-economic status. Suicide leads to the negative consequence of suicide copycats, or …

The Link Between Social Media And Body Image Issues Among Youth In The United States, James Krzymowski

Ballard Brief

Social media has a pervasive impact on body image in the United States, influencing one’s mental, physical, and social health. Body image issues encompass negative feelings and experiences related to one's physical appearance and are characterized by a preoccupation with perceived physical defects. This occurrence is especially common among youth. The harmful effects of constant exposure to idealized images, unrealistic beauty standards, and the influence of social media influencers are wide-ranging and severe. This brief focuses on the United States because of the competitive culture, the high cosmetic surgery rates, and leadership in social media use. Contributing factors such as …

Exploring The Motivators Of Medical Tourism By Americans, Sebastian Uribe

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study was to look at the factors that influence Americans' decisions to engage in medical tourism (going overseas for medical treatment). The research aimed to empirically analyze the key criteria motivating Americans to participate in medical tourism. This involved a comprehensive examination of factors such as cost considerations, waiting times, the availability of procedures, and possible destinations. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected by the means of a Qualtrics survey, in which a representative US respondent´s sample was used to test the various underlying hypotheses. A mixed-methods approach was …

Guide To The Chicago Press Veterans Association Records, Columbia College Chicago

Collection Guides / Finding Aids

The Chicago Press Veterans Association (CPVA) was founded in 1939 as an organization dedicated to uniting journalists with a shared history of covering news in Chicago and beyond. It provided a space for both men and women in the newspaper industry to foster camaraderie through their collective professional experiences. The collection is rich in documentation of the association’s history, including materials related to its annual dinners, correspondence between members, membership lists, event programs, newspaper clippings, photographs, and business and financial records. The collection also includes artifacts like artwork, printing plates, and other memorabilia, which speak to the organization’s efforts to …