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The Birthdate Effect And Socioeconomic Status In Elementary School, Christine Ellenberg Borgelt

Student Work

The impact of chronological age on academic success has been a controversial topic in education for several decades now. Researchers have met with varying levels of success in demonstrating that the age at which a child begins schooling can predict later academic progress. While some studies have demonstrated that younger students appear less able in school than their classmates (Baer, 1958; DiPasquale, Moule, & Flewelling, 1980), others have criticized the findings as overly simplistic (Gredler, 1980; Jones & Southern, 1987). They cite other factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) which might account for a large part of the apparent birthdate …

California Institute Of Integral Studies -- Catalog 1990-1992, Ciis

CIIS Catalogs Archive

This is the 1990-1992 catalog of courses, staff and faculty for the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS).

Mysticism: Its Relationship To Religious Experience And Psychopathology, Richard Paul Jager

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Retirement Process: Changes In The Well-Being Of Male Retirees, Terry Lynn Gall

Digitized Theses

Despite considerable interest in the retirement process, surprisingly, few studies have monitored the change in well-being of the retiree pre- to post-retirement. In the present study, 117 male retirees were assessed on several indices of well-being including, physical health, psychological distress, perceived control, retirement and global life satisfaction at 2-4 months pre-retirement, one year post-, and 6-7 years post-retirement. Retirees in the first year of retirement experienced a peak in psychological health and interpersonal satisfaction, as well as had increased energy, greater financial satisfaction than expected, and increased perceived internal control. At this time, retirees who had expected satisfaction with …

A Systems Approach To Parental Functioning And Family Adjustment, Monica Ruth Gemeinhardt

Digitized Theses

A model of parental functioning was formulated to integrate the disparate findings from research in child development, child abuse, social support and parenting. The conceptual model, based on family systems theory, interrelated parental Psychological Resources, Social and Financial Support, and Parenting Style with the outcome variable, Family Adjustment. The use of LISREL enabled the evaluation of the measurement and structural qualities of the potential model.;Seventy Ontario families participated by completing survey packages, either in response to solicitation through a school board in a small city, or to newspaper advertisements in a larger city. Seventy children between the ages of eleven …

Choice Availability And Stress Response, Randolph James Paterson

Digitized Theses

A series of studies was carried out in order to determine the effects of choice availability on the magnitude of the stress response. Study One required subjects to rate the stressfulness of a number of imaginally-presented scenarios. The availability of roughly equivalent options did not affect perceived stressfulness relative to single-option conditions, whereas the availability of contrasting options was associated with reductions in rated stressfulness that could not be accounted for by instrumental effects. Study Two used similar conditions, and required subjects to select from an array of one or two volumes of white noise. Both psychophysiological and self-reported evidence …

Uncertainty Orientation And Achievement-Related Motives As Determinants Of The Motivational Impact Of Self-Discrepancies, Christopher J. Roney

Digitized Theses

It has been found that the arousal of achievement-related motives is maximized in situations that involve resolving uncertainty for uncertainty-oriented people, and in situations that do not involve uncertainty resolution for certainty-oriented people (see Sorrentino & Short, 1986). Higgins, Strauman, and Klein (1986) proposed that discrepancies between the way we perceive ourselves and abstract representations of what we could be like, or should be like, may determine motivation because of the resulting affect; they suggested that ideal/own discrepancies lead to feelings of dissatisfaction and increased performance, whereas ought/other discrepancies result in anxiety and poorer performance. Self-discrepancies may also involve uncertainty, …

The Impact Of Expert Testimony Pertaining To The "Battered Woman Syndrome" On Jurors' Information Processing And Decisions, Regina A. Schuller

Digitized Theses

The effects of two presentational forms of "battered woman syndrome" testimony on juror/jury decision processes were investigated. It was hypothesized that the presence of the testimony would influence final verdicts via its mediating effect on jurors' interpretations of trial testimony relating to the defendant's beliefs and actions, and that the impact of the testimony would vary as a function of the degree to which it was linked to the defendant. In Experiment I, subjects (N = 108) read a homicide trial involving a battered woman who had killed her husband and was claiming self-defense. A third of the subjects received …

The Relationship Between Pain Responsiveness And Disease Activity In Fibrositis And Rheumatoid Arthritis, Roger Alan Scudds

Digitized Theses

The present research examined the relationship between pain responsiveness and disease activity in patients with the rheumatologic diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) and fibrositis. Three studies were carried out.;In the first study, 68 R.A. subjects were assessed for levels of disease activity using 7 standard measures, plus the rheumatoid factor titre and the R.A. functional classification. The Basic Personality Inventory was used to measure anxiety, depression, hypochondriasis, and denial. Pain threshold and tolerance levels were taken in each subject using trains of electrical pulses, a constant-pressure algometer, and a variable-pressure dolorimeter. The data were analyzed by multiple regression. The results …

Cognitive And Behavioral Treatment Of Bulimia: Intertreatment And Intratreatment Effects, Lisa Anne Shatford

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this research was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral short-term group treatment targeted at antecedent stages in the maintenance cycle of bulimia, to clarify the additive contributions of eight cognitive and behavioral treatment components, and to evaluate the effect of adding systematic desensitization to cognitive-behavioral treatment.;The research was conducted in two stages. In the first, 21 women who met DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for bulimia were assigned to either a behavioral treatment group, a cognitive treatment group, or a waiting-list control group. Treatment was conducted over eight weekly two-hour sessions. Four treatment …

Social Comparison And Mild Depression: An Investigation Of Individual Differences In A Self-Evaluative Process, Stephen Randal Swallow

Digitized Theses

Cognitive approaches to mild depression have emphasized the role of negative self-evaluations, that is, beliefs that one is unworthy, deficient, or inadequate in some way, in both the etiology and the maintenance of this disorder. One predominant means of self-evaluation relates to social comparison, or the processes by which individuals compare themselves with other people. Thus, it was hypothesized that mildly depressed individuals may exhibit individual differences in social comparison that increase the likelihood of negative self-evaluations.;In Study 1, mildly depressed and nondepressed subjects were given the opportunity to engage in social comparison following good performances and poor performances on …

Behavioural Indices Of Emerging Social Competence Of Infants: A Microanalysis Of Early Mother-Infant Face-To-Face Interactions, Douglas Karl Symons

Digitized Theses

The temporal relations of expressive behaviours in early mother-infant interactions were investigated for evidence of infant social competence. Competence was operationalized as an overall increase in expressive behaviour with age, selective display of expressive behaviour while attending to mothers, and onset of expressive behaviours contingent upon those of mothers. Parallel analyses were conducted of maternal behaviours to investigate the behaviour of the senior and presumably "competent" partner. 25 mother-infant dyads were studied longitudinally when the infants were 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age and 32 dyads cross-sectionally at the latter 3 ages (N's = 10, 12, and 10, …

The Role Of Family Psychosocial Variables In Glucose Control Of Children And Adolescents With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Six Month Study, Bonnie Jean Gillis

Digitized Theses

The relationship of psychosocial factors to glucose control in persons with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is not clearly understood. The present study examined the effects of sources of stress and its mediators and moderators on glucose control in children with IDDM. Forty children with IDDM and their caretakers were followed for a period of six months with data collected at two 3 month intervals (phase 1 and phase 2). The primary caretaker and child provided ratings of sources of general and diabetes related stress. General and diabetes related social support, coping and behavior measures were collected as well as …

Investigations Of The Construct Validity Of A New Measure Of The Type A Behaviour Pattern: The Survey Of Work Styles, Anna Gray

Digitized Theses

Previous measures of the Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) fail to assess the multidimensionality of the TABP. This dissertation evaluates the construct validity of the Survey of Work Styles (SWS), a multidimensional self-report measure of the TABP.;In Study 1, the SWS demonstrated (1) moderate to high internal consistency, (2) moderate correlations with the Jenkins Activity Survey and the Framingham Type A Scale, and (3) a significantly higher TABP classification agreement than other self-report measures with the Structured Interview in a sample of 163 middle-aged male business managers. Three bipolar modal profiles were identified and labelled as the Anger/Impatience, Job Dissatisfaction, …

Cognitive Components Of Naming In Children: Effects Of Referential Uncertainty And Stimulus Realism, Carla J. Johnson

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this research was to identify stimulus characteristics that influence the ease of picture naming in children. Naming is a basic aspect of language behavior that includes such components as object identification, selection of an appropriate name, and generation of the naming response. Little is known about factors that influence the proficiency with which these components are executed. This research attempted to isolate the effects on naming efficiency of: (a) the number of available correct names for a picture (referential uncertainty) and (b) the degree to which a picture realistically represents the depicted object (stimulus realism).;Results from three …

Individual Differences In The Appraisal Of Stress And The Immunologic Consequences: Psychological Moderation Of Lymphocyte Activation And Cytokine Production, James Patrick Dobbin

Digitized Theses

A number of studies have adduced evidence suggesting that stressful events affect immunity in humans. The present research was designed to extend this earlier work by assessing cytokine production and blast transformation in mononuclear cells obtained from medical students writing an academic examination. Additionally, the hypothesis that personality characteristics can moderate the relationship between stress and immune functioning was investigated.;A number of response measures were assessed at each of 3 sample times: baseline (time 1); one month later, immediately after subjects had written an examination (time 2); and again 15 days later (time 3). The response measures included mood (subjective …

Preparation For Undergoing A Noxious Medical Procedure: Interacting Effects Of Information And Individual Differences In Coping Style, Robin Ludwick-Rosenthal

Digitized Theses

The present research explored several issues pertaining to information seeking as a coping disposition and stress management for patients having to undergo a noxious medical procedure (a cardiac catheterization test). The role of information seeking as a coping disposition was investigated in relation to (1) differences in the disposition of desire for control, to (2) differential effectiveness of an information based preparatory intervention, and to (3) differences in coping efforts made during the catheterization. Seventy-two male and female patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for the first time were randomly assigned to either a high or low information preparation condition. Dispositional desire …

Presence/Absence Of An Observer In A Word Association Test, Morton Isaacs, Kathleen Chen

Articles

Forty-eight subjects (24 men, 24 women) responded to 20 word stimuli presented by a microcomputer program that recorded each subject's response latency and response to each stimulus word. Emotionality of stimulus word and presence/absence of an observer were independently varied. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference in latencies attributable to the emotionality of the stimulus word, whereas neither the presence/absence of the observer nor the interaction effect was significant. The results suggest the possible use of latency analysis as a tool in situations where an objective, statistical, and easily obtainable evaluative measurement of the level of emotionality of …

Success Avoidance: A Gender Neutral Theory, Geraldine Lipman King

Doctoral Dissertations

The focus of this dissertation is the development of a non-gender-specific theory of success avoidance. Because success avoidance has traditionally been viewed as a phenomenon associated with female socialization, there is an initial look at the messages given to, and responses of, men and the issue of success.

In order to provide a foundation for a more expansive theory, there is an exploration of mixed-gender groups based on quantitative and qualitative data accumulated prior to the theory's generation.

Existing motivational constructs that influenced the theory's development are acknowledged and, to various degrees, assimilated into a new orientation. Ultimately, a theory …

Estimates Of Energy Expenditure In Women And A Biofeedback Device For Weight Loss, Sandra Rutter

Doctoral Dissertations

Researchers have been unable to discern the relationship between energy expenditure and obesity because there has been no reliable, unobtrusive method to capture daily activity. Single-plane accelerometers have been developed, using microcomputer technology, which may provide a means for measuring expenditure in human subjects. The Caltrac Personal Activity Computer$\sp\circler$ has shown high test-retest reliability and a strong relationship to several measures of expenditure in some laboratory tests. In Experiment 1, 40 university women (mean age = 19.15 yr) wore Caltracs during waking hours for either three or six consecutive days, with the devices programmed to count activity regardless of individual …

When Dough Is A Female Deer: The Role Of Homophony In Lexical Priming, Kevin Kyle Fleming

Doctoral Dissertations

Several models of printed word recognition claim that phonology mediates lexical access. Four experiments employing lexical decision tasks and naming tasks were conducted to assess this claim. Homonyms such as "mint" were used in Experiment 1 to verify that both meanings of an ambiguous word are activated automatically upon presentation. In a priming paradigm with a 250 millisecond SOA, the homonym "mint" was found to facilitate the recognition of words related to both interpretations such as "candy" and "coin." In the remaining three experiments, homophones such as "dough" and "doe" were used to assess the role of phonology in lexical …

The Impact Of Systemic Family Processes And Structures On Mental Illness And Family Violence, Al A. Shigo

Doctoral Dissertations

The relationship of both family structure and process variables to both mental illness and family violence are examined in this study. A non-clinical sample of 100 university student families and a clinical sample of 100 in-patient families at a psychiatric hospital are utilized. Both non-clinical and clinical samples are utilized with subjects of similar age. Within the broader context of General Systems Theory and family systems theory in particular, the inter-systemic variable of bounding and the intra-systemic variable of linking are tested in their relationships to both mental illness and family violence. Open, random, and closed family system types are …

Stimulus Configuration And The Perceived Rigidity Of Eight-Vertex Polyhedra, John Edward Sparrow

Doctoral Dissertations

In a series of four experiments, subjects examined the perceived rigidity of rotating eight-vertex polyhedra. Four different categories of polyhedra were observed under parallel projection: (1) line drawings where the initial orientation appeared to be a cube (LN), though the depth components of the eight vertices were randomly positioned (upon rotation, it could be seen that the stimuli were not cubes); (2) line drawings where the vertices were randomly placed (LR); (3) vertex-only drawings where the initial orientation appeared to be a cube (VN), though the depth components of the eight vertices were randomly positioned; and (4) vertex-only drawings with …

Age Of Onset And Duration Variables: Relationship To Primary And Secondary Psychopathology Of Bulimia Nervosa., Darlene Broussard Witcher

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Over the past decade there has been growing concern about the syndrome of bulimia nervosa. Current theoretical models of the etiology and symptomatology of bulimia predict that the psychopathology of the eating disorder worsens over time. The specific purposes of this study was to examine the effect of onset age and duration of the disorder on the primary and secondary psychopathology of bulimia nervosa at the time of presentation for treatment. The results suggest that binging and purging worsen with increasing duration and older age of onset, accompanied by increased weight and greater distortion of body size estimation. Furthermore, subjects …

Assessment Of Social Competence In Populations Of Learning-Disabled, Behaviorally Disordered And Normal Adolescents., Teresa Jo Scardino

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present investigation was designed to examine normal vs. impaired adolescents' social competence according to self, teacher, and parent report. Although the importance of social competence has been established with child and adult populations, few studies have assessed social competence of adolescents. Social competence of learning disabled (LD), behaviorally disordered (BD), and regular education (RE) adolescents was assessed. Nineteen BD, 20 LD, and 66 RE completed self-report measures of social skills and perceived communication/conflict with parents, and sociometric rankings of peers. Teachers of each participating student completed a teacher report measure of the adolescent's social skill, and parents of each …

Acting Out Caring: An Andogynous Trait, Clayton Funk

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

A problem in gender studies concerns frequent critique of sex-role stereotypes. But how often do we analyze characteristics that men and women have in common? The notion is doubtful that women must be essentially nurturant and empathic, and that men must be analytical and assertive. The strongest educators possess the best of both, no matter the gender, and are usually capable of modeling a sensibility of caring about learning.

Introduction(S) To Men In Feminism, Kristin G. Congdon, Doug Blandy

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

In the Spring of 1988 I received a note from Doug Blandy asking if I wanted to co-ordinate a panel on "Men in Feminism" with him. The idea of men working with feminist ideas was not new to our discussions. When we worked together at Bowling Green State University, we often wondered (and indeed frequently laughed) at how gender related the reactions of our faculty and students probably were to our successes and failures. Shortly after I agreed to coordinate this panel with Doug, I attended a conference in the Pennsylvanian mountains in "Women, Art and Society." This was my …

Examining Environmental Advertising Imagery Through Art Education, Tom Anderson

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

This is an examination of advertising imagery in the United States, with particular emphasis on outdoor advertising, and a proposal for an art curriculum focused on advertising awareness. The method is socially-oriented art criticism funded by some history of advertising and the psychology and philosophy of persuasive, manipulative, and pecuniary symbolism. The intent is first to decode the aesthetic environment (Barbosa, 1988) and then present a structure that helps art students to do the same. The examination begins with the object and returns to the object for validation (Ecker and Kaelin, 1970), but "ends with an understanding of personal experience, …

The Limits Of A Scientific Jurisprudence: The Supreme Court And Psychology, J. Alexander Tanford

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Humanistic Caring: Personal Influences, Coping Processes, Psychological Outcomes And Coping Effectiveness, Christine Lynn Latham Dnsc

Dissertations

Using a stress-coping theoretical framework, this path analytic study revealed personal influences and outcomes of caring by nurses from a patient's perspective. Rating the amount of humanistic caring from a specific nurse who had the greatest effect on them during their current hospital admission, this sample of 120 adult, hospitalized, medically-treated patients, between 25 to 65 years of age indicated that a moderate amount of caring tended to be beneficial. The personal factors which influenced these ratings included the desire to be kept informed, age, and pain perceptions. Younger patients, individuals who desired more cognitive control over health care, and …