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Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen May 2026

Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

Background: Equitable recruitment practices are essential to the diversification of health science educational applicant pools. This scoping review aimed to understand the existing literature supporting the use and implementation of SM (SM) for recruitment in various health science educational programs. Methods: A comprehensive search utilizing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework was used to collect and analyze existing articles. Keyword selection followed by an iterative process for article inclusion using Covidence application for article analysis and inclusion/exclusion. A thematic analysis method was employed to synthesize findings from the studies that met our inclusion criteria. Results: The initial keyword …


Working Out Your Self-Image: Strength, Self-Esteem, And Human Flourishing, Kingston K. Christie May 2026

Working Out Your Self-Image: Strength, Self-Esteem, And Human Flourishing, Kingston K. Christie

Honors Projects

This project integrates empirical research in exercise science with theological anthropology to examine the psychological effects of resistance training and the meaning of strength within a Christian framework of human dignity and flourishing. The empirical component investigated the effects of a four-week progressive resistance training intervention on global self-esteem and physical self-concept among undergraduate university students with moderate-to-low baseline self-esteem. Eleven participants (N = 11; 20.15 ± 1.52 yrs) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Physical Self-Description Questionnaire Short Form (PSDQ-S) before and after the intervention, with muscular strength assessed via submaximal testing across the squat, bench press, deadlift, …


Trends Towards Political Communication Strategy On Social Media: A Bibliometrics Analysis, Annisa Atha Hanifah, La Mani, Zidane Ahmad Busthomi, Giovanni Sunrise, Matthew A. Kristanto, Indra Prawira May 2026

Trends Towards Political Communication Strategy On Social Media: A Bibliometrics Analysis, Annisa Atha Hanifah, La Mani, Zidane Ahmad Busthomi, Giovanni Sunrise, Matthew A. Kristanto, Indra Prawira

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Social media has become the center of digital political communication, enabling politicians to convey messages, form narratives, and mobilize public support directly and interactively. Social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok serve not only as campaign tools but also as deliberative spaces where political discourse is formed and debated. This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyze global trends in research on political communication on social media during the period 2020-2024. Data were collected in October 2025 from Scopus database, comprising 608 documents from 253 publication sources and author affiliations in 24 countries. The search was conducted using …


Cultural Determinism, Leadership Identity, And Psychological Outcomes Among Emirati Women School Principals: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study, Saeed Mobarak Alkaabi May 2026

Cultural Determinism, Leadership Identity, And Psychological Outcomes Among Emirati Women School Principals: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study, Saeed Mobarak Alkaabi

All Works

Background/problem: Despite state-led empowerment reforms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Emirati women school principals experience tension between leadership roles and entrenched cultural expectations. Norms related to family honor, modesty, male guardianship, and relational harmony, continue to shape leadership identity formation, agency, and psychological outcomes, influencing leadership legitimacy and professional identity. Objective/purpose: This study examines how cultural determinism influences leadership identity, agency, and psychological well-being among Emirati women school leaders on the East Coast of the UAE. Design and Methodology: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was implemented. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the influence of cultural …


Impetus 2025 – The Philippine Physical Therapy Association (Ppta) National Convention: Poster Presentations, Impetus 2026 May 2026

Impetus 2025 – The Philippine Physical Therapy Association (Ppta) National Convention: Poster Presentations, Impetus 2026

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.


Impetus 2025 – The Philippine Physical Therapy Association (Ppta) National Convention: Platform Presentations, Impetus 2026 May 2026

Impetus 2025 – The Philippine Physical Therapy Association (Ppta) National Convention: Platform Presentations, Impetus 2026

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.


Making Noise Through Law: Indigenous Legal Mobilisation Against A Power Plant In “French” Guiana, Pierre Auzerau May 2026

Making Noise Through Law: Indigenous Legal Mobilisation Against A Power Plant In “French” Guiana, Pierre Auzerau

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In so-called “French” Guiana, or Guyane, the Kali’na village of Atopo Wipi has fought for years against a hydrogen power plant being built on their land. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2024 in Guyane and Western Europe, where I collaborated with various stakeholders to support Atopo Wipi’s resistance to the power plant, my research focuses on the legal dimensions of the Kali’na’s struggle to protect their land. Specifically, this article examines how the Kali’na navigated different normative frameworks, including international human rights standards and French law, to fight the project. Through this analysis, I show how the …


Simplification Of Technical Language In Tagesschau News For B1-Level German Vocabulary Learning, Syaula Qonit Helga, Dewi Kartika Ardiyani May 2026

Simplification Of Technical Language In Tagesschau News For B1-Level German Vocabulary Learning, Syaula Qonit Helga, Dewi Kartika Ardiyani

Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism

This study aims to identify and categorize the types of Fachsprache (specialized language) found in simplified Tagesschau news and to explore their potential use for B1-level German vocabulary learning. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis. Data were collected from news videos available on the Tagesschau YouTube channel and analyzed according to three categories: (1) CEFR level, (2) subject area, and (3) usage context. The data were processed through data reduction techniques to simplify Fachsprache terms at higher CEFR levels, followed by data display and interpretation to examine the identification results, and finally, conclusion drawing. The findings …


Can Behavioral Interventions Promote Health Equity In Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes? A Narrative Review Of Promising Treatments, Paul T. Enlow, Jaquelin Flores Garcia, Julia Price, Kristen A. Torres, David V. Wagner May 2026

Can Behavioral Interventions Promote Health Equity In Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes? A Narrative Review Of Promising Treatments, Paul T. Enlow, Jaquelin Flores Garcia, Julia Price, Kristen A. Torres, David V. Wagner

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Purpose of review: Synthesize data on whether existing behavioral interventions can improve health equity among youth with type 1 diabetes.

Recent findings: While existing behavioral interventions demonstrated efficacy in improving health and/or psychosocial outcomes, evidence that these same interventions may improve health equity were lacking. Most interventions were evaluated using predominantly White and affluent samples and some studies did not report on racial, ethnic, or sociodemographic characteristics of their sample. Only a few interventions have been adapted for youth from minoritized backgrounds. Recent multisystemic and technology/mHealth interventions recruited samples that were sociodemographically representative of youth experiencing disparities, suggesting that these …


Navigating Trust: The Impact Of Social Media Influencers On Gen Z Health Behaviors, Abigail Stelling May 2026

Navigating Trust: The Impact Of Social Media Influencers On Gen Z Health Behaviors, Abigail Stelling

Honors Thesis

Social media plays a defining role in the daily lives of Gen Z, influencing how people communicate, access information, and make decisions. More than a form of entertainment, social media is a powerful source that shapes identity, perceptions, and behaviors. As the first generation to grow up fully immersed in a digital world, Gen Z is uniquely impacted by the content and interactions that occur on social media platforms. Within this digital landscape, social media influencers have emerged as powerful figures. These individuals use large online platforms to promote lifestyles, products, and behaviors. Influencers often have the ability to shape …


Beyond Behavior: Understanding Trauma As A Pathway To Transform Classroom Discipline, Jennifer J. Snead May 2026

Beyond Behavior: Understanding Trauma As A Pathway To Transform Classroom Discipline, Jennifer J. Snead

Masters Projects

Many students entering early childhood and elementary classrooms have experienced trauma that impacts their ability to learn, regulate emotions, and fully participate in school. Research shows that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect brain development, particularly in areas related to attention, memory, and self-regulation—skills essential for success in the classroom. Even though trauma-related behaviors are becoming more common, many educators report feeling underprepared to recognize and respond to these behaviors due to limited training in trauma-informed practices. As a result, student behavior is often misunderstood as defiance, which can lead to discipline practices that do not address the root cause. …


Clinician Perspectives On Fistula Mental Health, Victoria K. Leonard May 2026

Clinician Perspectives On Fistula Mental Health, Victoria K. Leonard

Doctoral Dissertations

Background – Obstetric fistula is a childbirth injury caused by prolonged labor that leads to stillbirth and incontinence, spurring social exclusion and isolation. These layers of trauma put women with fistula at great risk for psychological suffering, which has profound negative socioeconomic impacts on them, their families, and communities. This study captured treatment as usual at Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT), the country’s largest provider of fistula care.

Method – Improving holistic fistula treatment requires engaging the clinicians who care for women with fistula. This study aimed to investigate the training, beliefs, and treatment approaches of nurses and …


Developing A Framework For Mooc Dropout: The Role Of Utilitarian And Hedonic Values In Student Retention, Bipllab Roy, Mave D'Souza, Madhura Laghane May 2026

Developing A Framework For Mooc Dropout: The Role Of Utilitarian And Hedonic Values In Student Retention, Bipllab Roy, Mave D'Souza, Madhura Laghane

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have expanded access to higher education but continue to face persistently high dropout rates, raising concerns about their long‑term effectiveness and sustainability. This study develops and empirically tests a structural framework that links utilitarian values (perceived usefulness, certificate value, time flexibility), hedonic values (enjoyment, variety and novelty, personal interest alignment), and individual characteristics (goal orientation, self‑efficacy, motivation type) to MOOC student retention. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 200 MOOC learners from Christ University, Lavasa Campus, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS. The results show that goal orientation, self‑efficacy …


Ethically Grounded Charismatic Leadership, Jiaxing Wu May 2026

Ethically Grounded Charismatic Leadership, Jiaxing Wu

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Charisma has long been praised as one of the best features that a leader could have to not only successfully inspire their employees but also be able to transform an organization through a shared vision. Although it has been widely regarded as a favorable leadership quality, prior research has also not fully explored the ethical foundations that determine whether its influence produces beneficial or destructive outcomes. With that duality in mind, this paper aims to conduct a literature review to examine the potential ethical issues within charismatic leadership theory moderated by the effect of ethical leadership. Drawing from the existing …


Utilizing Research Narratives To Advance Systems Thinking In Doctoral Education, Ryan Charles Weber, Kathleen Teresa Scott May 2026

Utilizing Research Narratives To Advance Systems Thinking In Doctoral Education, Ryan Charles Weber, Kathleen Teresa Scott

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This study examines how narrative storytelling functions as a pedagogical mechanism for advancing systems thinking in doctoral education. Drawing on a qualitative narrative synthesis of publicly available scholarly literature, the analysis explores how narrative practices support sensemaking, complexity integration, and collaborative learning among doctoral students. Grounded in Senge’s (2006) learning organization framework, the study investigates how storytelling contributes to the development of mental models, shared vision, personal mastery, and team learning in advanced academic contexts. Findings indicate that narrative engagement enhances cognitive integration, deepens understanding of systemic interdependence, and strengthens collaborative discourse among emerging scholars. The study extends leadership and …


Analyzing The Impact: Foster Grandparent Program, Shanetta Weatherspoon, Miyue Chen, Monica Pereda May 2026

Analyzing The Impact: Foster Grandparent Program, Shanetta Weatherspoon, Miyue Chen, Monica Pereda

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

The Foster Grandparent Program (FGP) is a multigenerational approach to community volunteerism. The study uses intergenerational solidarity to conceptualize the impact of the FGP. The study aims to examine the impact of two dimensions by analyzing data from the Assignment Assessment Forms and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine whether there is a difference in the mentees’ behavior pre- and post-intervention over four years and by way of three priority areas. Results indicated that the FGP has an impact on both the mentees and volunteers. Findings suggest that the program’s activities are the vehicle for …


The Intersection Of Bias, Critical Thinking, & Innovation: A Quantitative Analysis, Jacob Sands, Angel Huerta May 2026

The Intersection Of Bias, Critical Thinking, & Innovation: A Quantitative Analysis, Jacob Sands, Angel Huerta

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This study examines whether gender differences exist in critical thinking skills among elementary school students through a secondary quantitative analysis of an existing dataset (Putera, 2020). Using a sample of 25 students with complete data, the study employs linear regression and an independent samples t-test to evaluate the relationship between gender and critical thinking test scores. Results indicate that female students scored slightly higher on average than male students; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.634). Regression findings further confirm that gender is not a significant predictor of critical thinking performance. These findings align with existing literature …


Educate. Don’T Annihilate: A Narrative Inquiry Into Students With Dark Personality Traits Who Orchestrate Bullying Campaigns Against A Target Through Mob Formation, Zoey Roosevelt May 2026

Educate. Don’T Annihilate: A Narrative Inquiry Into Students With Dark Personality Traits Who Orchestrate Bullying Campaigns Against A Target Through Mob Formation, Zoey Roosevelt

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Less is understood about how peer relationships can escalate into coordinated exclusionary dynamics and sustained group-based targeting within student populations than about acceptance into a higher education program. Moreover, existing literature grounded in Social Identity Theory and Organizational Ostracism has primarily focused on workplace and organizational settings, leaving a gap in understanding these processes in higher education contexts. This study addresses that gap using Dark Personality Framework, Social Identity Theory, and Conflict Escalation Theory to explain how and why this phenomenon occurs. The study asks, “What happens when a higher education student with dark personality traits orchestrates a coordinated bullying …


Natural Resources Conflict In The Nile River Basin: Natural Resource Nationalism, Environmental Governance, And Transboundary Security., Reagan Ronald Okumu May 2026

Natural Resources Conflict In The Nile River Basin: Natural Resource Nationalism, Environmental Governance, And Transboundary Security., Reagan Ronald Okumu

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This article used a qualitative literature-based transformation methodology to examine governance and leadership in the shared use of the transboundary water of the River Nile Basin. This is important because the basin is conflict-ridden yet yearns for development, driven by natural resource discoveries and the utilization of the River Nile. Appropriate governance and leadership, along with cooperation, are required for development to be achieved. The article examines the increased competition over the exploitation of natural resources, driven by development objectives, pressured by population growth, and fueled by the need for hydroelectric generation, oil and gas extraction, and mining by international …


Institutional Responses To The College Mental Health Crisis: A Critical Systems Review, Angel Huerta May 2026

Institutional Responses To The College Mental Health Crisis: A Critical Systems Review, Angel Huerta

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

The mental health crisis among U.S. college students continues to escalate, exposing structural, cultural, and systemic failures within higher education. This review synthesizes evidence on institutional responses, drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Critical Theory, to examine how policies, faculty interactions, campus climate, and resource distribution influence student mental health outcomes. Findings reveal persistent gaps between policy intentions and practice, insufficient counseling capacity, inconsistency in faculty accountability, and inequities affecting marginalized student groups. The review highlights how organizational structures can unintentionally reinforce power imbalances and reproduce harm. Recommendations include system-level alignment of policies and practices, mandatory faculty training, enhanced …


Teacher Agency In The Classroom, Joy Gibson, Lizeth Sandoval May 2026

Teacher Agency In The Classroom, Joy Gibson, Lizeth Sandoval

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Teacher agency is an important factor in student success; it is the ability to intentionally lead classrooms to support student learning outcomes, environments, and school culture. However, teacher agency remains underexamined as a construct for neurodiverse students in K-12 classrooms. This literature review argues that teacher agency is an essential component of genuine inclusivity for neurodiverse students and supports asset-based instruction. Grounded in social-cultural theory, this literature review examines five interconnected areas: theoretical foundation for teacher agency, neurodiversity as an asset-based approach, instructional strategies, teacher development, and the role of collaboration and family engagement. Findings suggest that instructional barriers, including …


Equity, Identity, And Representation In Community College Leadership, Jacob Fry, Tashaka Merriweather, Jennifer Hoeger May 2026

Equity, Identity, And Representation In Community College Leadership, Jacob Fry, Tashaka Merriweather, Jennifer Hoeger

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Community colleges provide important access to higher education for many diverse student populations, yet aspiring leaders still face equity, representation, and structural barriers for women and underrepresented groups. Prior research highlights the persistence of gendered norms, gatekeeping practices, and underdeveloped leadership pipelines despite the increased attention to diversity within leadership in community colleges (Eddy & Khwaja, 2019; Hines, 2023; Burmicky & Hartman, 2023). This qualitative phenomenological study examines how leadership perceives the role of women and underrepresented groups in leadership. The study focused on the School of Continuing Education at Santa Ana College and involved semi-structured interviews with 11 leaders …


Leadership Practices And Subordinate Perceptions In Continuing Education: A Case Study At Santa Ana College, Jacob Fry, Jennifer Hoeger, Tashaka Merriweather May 2026

Leadership Practices And Subordinate Perceptions In Continuing Education: A Case Study At Santa Ana College, Jacob Fry, Jennifer Hoeger, Tashaka Merriweather

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Community colleges play a critical role in expanding access to higher education and workforce development for diverse populations, yet traditional leader-centric models remain prevalent, despite growing calls for collaborative and distributed leadership approaches (Eddy et al., 2023; Fulton-Calkins & Milling, 2005). This qualitative phenomenological study explores leadership, styles, strategies, and perceptions of subordinates among continuing education leaders at a California community college. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 administrators, faculty, and classified professionals at Santa Ana College’s School of Continuing Education. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase thematic analysis approach. Findings identified four dominant leadership approaches: collaborative/participatory, …


When God Lifts The Veil: Transformational Leadership And Political Skills Model As Counters To Machiavellianism And Organizational Politics In The Los Angeles City Council, John Sandy Campbell May 2026

When God Lifts The Veil: Transformational Leadership And Political Skills Model As Counters To Machiavellianism And Organizational Politics In The Los Angeles City Council, John Sandy Campbell

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This paper examines how Machiavellianism and Organizational Political Behavior contribute to destructive organizational politics and applies Transformational Leadership Theory and the Political Skill Model as countervailing frameworks to the Dark Triad. Grounded in leadership and organizational behavior research, this theory-based conceptual paper provides a theory-driven analysis that synthesizes established models to explore how power and unethical governance erode public trust. This paper examines the relationship between leadership behavior and power dynamics in a contemporary political context. Rather than relying on empirical data collection, it draws on Transformational Leadership Theory, the Political Skills Model, the Dark Triad, Organizational Politics, and Organizational …


When The Therapist Is An Algorithm: Understanding Autism Spectrum Students’ Acceptance Of Generative Ai As A Mental Well-Being Tool Through The Technological Acceptance Model, Jossy P. George, Peter Muttungal, Benny Jeyekumar Davidson, Nishi Priya May 2026

When The Therapist Is An Algorithm: Understanding Autism Spectrum Students’ Acceptance Of Generative Ai As A Mental Well-Being Tool Through The Technological Acceptance Model, Jossy P. George, Peter Muttungal, Benny Jeyekumar Davidson, Nishi Priya

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

This study examines the psychological and technological factors of the acceptance and emotional well-being of 349 college students with autism who use generative artificial intelligence tools as sources of psychological and emotional support. Grounded on the model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research studies relationships among perceived empathy, perceived usefulness, ease of use, emotional trust, continuance intention, and overall well-being. Structural equation modelling found that the perceived empathy was a significant predictor of ease of use and usefulness, while emotional trust and continuance intention proved to be significant predictors of emotional well-being. To reinforce these results, predictive modelling performed …


The Efficacy Of Dialectical Behavior Therapy For Anorexia Nervosa In Adolescent Females: A Literature Review, Tyler L. Brink May 2026

The Efficacy Of Dialectical Behavior Therapy For Anorexia Nervosa In Adolescent Females: A Literature Review, Tyler L. Brink

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent females is associated with high mortality, significant relapse rates, and cognitive and emotional disturbances, suggesting that existing treatments may not sufficiently address core maintaining mechanisms. This literature review synthesizes current research examining the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (RO-DBT) for adolescent females with AN, with emphasis on neurobiological vulnerability, emotional dysregulation, and maladaptive overcontrol. Neuroimaging research indicates reductions in cortical thickness and gray matter in regions associated with self-referential processing and emotional regulation, while emerging evidence suggests structural plasticity following mindfulness-based interventions. Behavioral studies demonstrate that emotional dysregulation …


Ministry Leaders Applying Psychological Theories To Overcome Apathy: A Case Study, Glen A. Bowman May 2026

Ministry Leaders Applying Psychological Theories To Overcome Apathy: A Case Study, Glen A. Bowman

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This case study examines the persistent challenge of congregational apathy and the efficacy of integrating psychological motivational theories to revitalize a stagnant church culture. The research focuses on a congregation in California’s Central Valley characterized by a "lukewarm" spiritual atmosphere in much of its leadership and membership. The case study follows a newly appointed minister—representing a different age bracket and cultural background—as he navigates the resistance of an entrenched, change-averse leadership team. The researcher evaluated the practical application of three psychological frameworks to combat complacency and found that the Action-Trait Theory proved itself as the most successful method. The theory …


A Terrible Tranquility: John Adams, Christian Stoicism, And The Architecture Of American Virtue, William E. Shook May 2026

A Terrible Tranquility: John Adams, Christian Stoicism, And The Architecture Of American Virtue, William E. Shook

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

This paper challenges the historiographical binary of a “secular” versus “Christian” American founding by examining the intellectual architecture of John Adams during his formative early years. It argues that Adams did not possess a static or fully articulated dogma but instead engaged in a dynamic, lifelong struggle to define virtue amid profound socio-political upheaval. To resolve the tension between the grandeur of Enlightenment liberalism, pagan classical ideals, and his own Christian faith, Adams forged a pressurized personal philosophy: a “Christian Stoicism.” Drawing on a close reading of his private Diary and Autobiography, this study demonstrates that his inherited Puritan …


Shepherds In The Great War: The Evolution Of The U.S. Army Chaplaincy And The Service Of Malcolm Taylor In World War I, Sydney Gilbert May 2026

Shepherds In The Great War: The Evolution Of The U.S. Army Chaplaincy And The Service Of Malcolm Taylor In World War I, Sydney Gilbert

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

From its beginnings in 1775, the U.S. military chaplaincy has been a vital but often overlooked component of the American military experience. Though the specific duties, expectations, and regulations for U.S. chaplains have evolved over time, the heart of the chaplaincy is rooted in sacrificial service, a ministry of presence, spiritual leadership, and moral guidance. The American entrance into the Great War in 1917 marked a period of exponential growth for the military chaplaincy as it faced unprecedented demand and growing professionalization. To meet the needs of the modern era warfare, a major shift occurred within the chaplaincy as it …


A Gentleman’S Agreement: Prisoners Of War During The American Revolution, Delynn Burrell May 2026

A Gentleman’S Agreement: Prisoners Of War During The American Revolution, Delynn Burrell

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

The topic of prisoners of war in any war is often controversial and convoluted. The American Revolution is no different. The problem surrounding prisoners of war during this era is the lack of official policies regarding care and exchange. For centuries, armies had relied on a gentleman’s agreement, often made on the battlefield or in the immediate days following, by commanders, most often Washington and Gage or Burgoyne and Lee. Washington frequently deferred to the Continental Congress, which had no issue expressing its opinions on matters such as provisions and the locations where prisoners were held. The British, for their …