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Articles 6331 - 6360 of 7573
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
A Comparison Of Non-Verbal God Concept In United Methodists, Jill Kasserman, Jennifer L. Johnson
A Comparison Of Non-Verbal God Concept In United Methodists, Jill Kasserman, Jennifer L. Johnson
Modern Psychological Studies
The goal of this project was to examine how a person's perception of God changes as a function of age within a Piagetian framework. After 88 United Methodist Sunday School attenders drew a picture of God, the drawings were analyzed in terms of the themes they communicated and the effort put forth. It has been concluded that the subjects did not stay entirely within the Piagetian framework. Furthermore, differences were evident between the United Methodist's perceptions and those of the Free Methodists and Wesleyans in that the United Methodists failed to draw pictures with strong Biblical themes, or abstract ideas.
The Role Of Hair Color In The Perception Of Attractiveness, Pamela R. Hinney
The Role Of Hair Color In The Perception Of Attractiveness, Pamela R. Hinney
Modern Psychological Studies
The concept of attractiveness pervades every aspect of society in the United States. Attractiveness is used to manipulate decisions, desires, and even needs; in turn, society allows itself to be manipulated by the same concept of attractiveness. This study was designed to determine if hair color plays a role in the perception of attractiveness. A questionnaire was administered to 36 West Virginia State College students. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data and a significant difference was found among blonde, brunette, and red hair color categories: F (2,99) = 14.92 p< .05. The experimental hypothesis that hair color plays a role in the perception of attractiveness was supported.
Gender And Sterotyping In The United States And Spain, Suzanne Whitmore
Gender And Sterotyping In The United States And Spain, Suzanne Whitmore
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated sex-trait stereotypes across two nations, the United States and Spain. Past research by Williams & Best (1990) examined gender-stereotyping within the same countries with children, and a more recent study by Best & Williams (D. L. Best, personal communication, November 25, 1991) surveyed 100 students from each of 25 countries. Male characteristics were found to be more socially desirable than those identified as characteristic of women and were rated higher by both males and females. Although the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) has been widely used in the United States in measuring traits considered either masculine or …
The Effect Of Field Dependence And Target Type On Search Time, Joe Buissink
The Effect Of Field Dependence And Target Type On Search Time, Joe Buissink
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated search time as a function of field dependence and target type. Thirty-nine students were given the Gropp Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Two female and two male students each were randomly selected from the first and fourth quartiles. These eight participants were given forty-five sets of background letters in which they were to locate either a specific number, a specific letter, or an any number target. The field independent participants located the embedded targets much more quickly than the field dependent participants. It was expected that the differences in scan times for target types would be significant, however, …
The Effect Of Victim Bias On Length Of Defendant Sentencing, Joanne Economou
The Effect Of Victim Bias On Length Of Defendant Sentencing, Joanne Economou
Modern Psychological Studies
This research examined the effects of victim bias on the determination of the length of prison sentence given to perpetrators convicted of assault and battery. Three victim characteristics (gender, race, and sexual orientation) were targeted to determine whether they would evoke discrimination in sentencing. Forty subjects were asked to read nine brief crime scenarios and impose prison sentences on the convicted perpetrators of each of the crimes. Three target scenarios were intermixed within the nine crime scenarios. They depicted the crimes of assault and battery of a victim who was either black or white or homosexual. The targeted scenarios were …
Subliminal Perception And The Stroop Effect, Sandra Harvey, Shannon Keathley, Delinda Muniz, Ginger Tidmore
Subliminal Perception And The Stroop Effect, Sandra Harvey, Shannon Keathley, Delinda Muniz, Ginger Tidmore
Modern Psychological Studies
The Stroop effect and subliminal perception are two phenomena which have been studied for years. However, the potential relation between the two has not been conclusively explored. This experiment was designed to demonstrate that a relationship between the two may exist. The procedure consisted of subliminally presenting the name of a color written in black letters simultaneously with a colored stimulus. The supraliminal colored stimulus and subliminal word stimulus were presented on a screen by use of a projector and a tachistoscope (t-scope) respectively. It was hypothesized that subliminal perception would create interference on the projected Stroop Test simulating a …
Event Frequency Estimations For Non-Semantic Items, Max Ingersoll
Event Frequency Estimations For Non-Semantic Items, Max Ingersoll
Modern Psychological Studies
In order to further clarify the roles of labeling and semantic processing in event frequency encoding, fifty-six undergraduate students were tested on their memory for frequency of sounds. One half of the subjects were presented with familiar sounds (i.e. a telephone ring or wind chimes) and the other half with single musical notes or tones. The use of tones was to defeat the attempts at semantic labeling of the stimuli. It was found that subjects in the familiar sounds condition displayed a significant ability at estimating event frequency. Subjects in the pure tones condition, however, displayed no such ability.
The Effects Of Modality And Stimilus Type On Memory For Frequency, Kelly Pritchard
The Effects Of Modality And Stimilus Type On Memory For Frequency, Kelly Pritchard
Modern Psychological Studies
The effect of presentation modality and stimulus type on memory for frequency was examined. In Experiment 1, forty undergraduate students viewed or handled 21 three-dimensional items. Items were either (a) geometric shapes, (b) nonsense objects, or (c) familiar items and occurred either 2, 4, or 6 times, creating a randomly ordered list of 72 items. Subjects were tested in the same modality on their memory for frequency of those items. Subjects were able to distinguish between items which occurred less frequently versus those which occurred more often. The average frequency estimates for nonsense and familiar items were closest to the …
The Priming Effects Of Parental Divorce On Relationship Attitudes, Donna Wetzel, Faye D. Plascak-Craig
The Priming Effects Of Parental Divorce On Relationship Attitudes, Donna Wetzel, Faye D. Plascak-Craig
Modern Psychological Studies
Past findings frequently reported that children with divorced parents exhibit negative behaviors at some time following the divorce, however, data have not consistently demonstrated attitudinal effects. In this study, 70 college undergraduates, half with divorced parents and half with intact families, were administered an original survey for recording ratings of relationship attitudes and eight semantic differential scales. Although adult children of divorced parents rated their parents relationships less positively than did those from intact families, there were no differences by parental history in their relationship fears. There were semantic differences in ratings of five constructs (FAMILY, FATHER, MARRIAGE, PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP, …
The Effect Of Placement Of Foster Children On The Marital Relationship Of Foster Parents, Patricia L. Wilcox-Blau
The Effect Of Placement Of Foster Children On The Marital Relationship Of Foster Parents, Patricia L. Wilcox-Blau
Student Work
The present study was conducted to ascertain if the placement of foster children has an impact on the level of marital satisfaction of foster parents. Although inconclusive, research indicates that adding a child, or children, to a biological family unit causes a significant decrease in levels of marital satisfaction. There is a paucity of published empirical research as to whether this pattern would hold true with the foster-parent relationship, after the placement of foster children in their home. Data was collected using the survey approach, in which foster parents were asked to respond to the same instrument twice, with a …
The Communicator - Vol.4 No. 1 - Fall, 1991, Nova University
The Communicator - Vol.4 No. 1 - Fall, 1991, Nova University
The Communicator
No abstract provided.
Patron Expectations About Collocation: Measuring The Difference Between The Psychologically Real And The Really Real, James M. Donovan
Patron Expectations About Collocation: Measuring The Difference Between The Psychologically Real And The Really Real, James M. Donovan
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
Library patrons have innate expectations about how documents should be arranged. Useful classification schemes are those which conform to these expectations and are thereby psychologically comfortable. All schemes necessarily deviate from these expectations, but not to the same degree. The greater the divergence from this mental standard within a scheme, the greater the psychological discomfort the patron will experience and the less useful the patron will find it. Using as an example the discipline of anthropology, this article develops a measure of the deviation of library classifications from collocation in mental space.
Freud And Critical Legal Studies: Contours Of A Radical Socio-Legal Psychoanalysis, David S. Caudill
Freud And Critical Legal Studies: Contours Of A Radical Socio-Legal Psychoanalysis, David S. Caudill
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Self Discovery And Personal Creation, Peggy Kehoe
Self Discovery And Personal Creation, Peggy Kehoe
Theses
My Thesis project is about self discovery and personal creation. I believe that contemplation and imagination are essential not only to the artist in creating his art, but to every man as he creates his life. I am interested in the primary purpose that art once had; the subtle magic that primitive artists invoked, hoping to protect, to change or to heal the inhabitants of earth. In my paintings, I want the inner world of the mind to marry reality, the two combining as powerful evocations of man's creative potential.
The Communicator - Vol.3 No. 2 - Spring, 1991, Nova University
The Communicator - Vol.3 No. 2 - Spring, 1991, Nova University
The Communicator
No abstract provided.
Organizational Commitment: A Multiple Commitment Concept, Randy L. Fulton
Organizational Commitment: A Multiple Commitment Concept, Randy L. Fulton
Student Work
Reichers (1985) challenged the conceptualization of organizational commitment (OC) as a singular focus on the organization as a whole. She conceptualized OC as a fixed quantity, which could be affected by the employee's perceptions of conflict. Subsequent research (Reichers, 1986) showed that employees' refer to top management when discussing organizational commitment. This research tested the antecedent relationship of conflict perceptions to OC and the potential for the employee to focus on multiple groups in determining their commitment strength. Data were- collected through questionnaires from 162 employees of a larger residential facility for the developmentally disabled. Hypotheses that in the presence …
The Adjustment Of Salvadoran Refugees: Stressors, Resources And Well-Being, Marta Yolande Young
The Adjustment Of Salvadoran Refugees: Stressors, Resources And Well-Being, Marta Yolande Young
Digitized Theses
Despite an increased interest in refugees in the last decade, refugee research remains largely atheoretical with few attempts to integrate it with psychological theories and concepts. A first aim was to compare Recent Salvadoran refugees, Established Salvadoran refugees, Relocated Anglo-Canadians, and Established Anglo-Canadians on measures of psychological distress, quality of life and life satisfaction. A second aim was to compare the relative impact of life events and hassles on psychological symptoms in the above four groups. A third aim was to examine the buffering effects of social and personal resources on psychological health, quality of life and life and life …
Cholinergic-Noradrenergic And Cholinergic-Serotonergic Interactions In Measures Of Working And Reference Memory Of The Rat, Peter Prior
Digitized Theses
These experiments concerned potential interactions of the cholinergic with the noradrenergic or serotonergic systems, in rat working and reference memory (WM & RM). In experiment 1a, 63 rats were trained to collect reinforcement from a radial maze, with eight of 16 arms consistently reinforced. Working errors (WEs) were re-entries into baited arms visited within a session; reference errors (REs) were visits to never-baited arms. The rats then participated in a dose-response study of scopolamine (scop). Correct entries decreased; WEs and REs increased concomitantly with dose. Cholinergic systems may not subserve WM specifically. Forty-one of these rats participated a year later …
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Digitized Theses
Previous research suggests that decision-makers who are responsible for initiating a failing course of action are more likely to escalate their commitment to that action, compared to those who are not responsible for the initial choice. It is purported that responsibility for initiating a failing course of action induces the escalation of commitment through an underlying psychological process of self-justification. Two problems are evident in this research, however, that question the validity of this interpretation. First, the effect of responsibility has only been demonstrated using a role-playing research methodology. Second, responsibility for initiating the course of action (operationalized as choice) …
Psychophysical Studies Of Binocular Interactions In Humans, Laurie M. Wilcox
Psychophysical Studies Of Binocular Interactions In Humans, Laurie M. Wilcox
Digitized Theses
Psychophysical investigations of binocular interactions have shown that there are at least two binocular channels in the human visual system. In addition to an interocular channel that responds to input to either eye, there is evidence of a binocular channel that acts as a logical AND-gate. This second binocular mechanism will only respond to simultaneous stimulation of both eyes with similar images. Support for the existence of this 'AND' mechanism has been provided by adaptation (Wolfe & Held, 1981, 1982; Wilcox, Timney, & St. John, 1990), and detection experiments (Cohn & Lasley, 1976; Cogan, 1987).;In predicting the results of adaptation …
The Effects Of Self-Referencing In The Processing Of Linear Ordering Relations, Hsiao H. D'Ailly
The Effects Of Self-Referencing In The Processing Of Linear Ordering Relations, Hsiao H. D'Ailly
Digitized Theses
The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of self referencing in the processing of linear ordering relations in a task designed to simulate certain aspects of classroom mathematics instruction. In each of three experiments, undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course were asked to read a series of paragraphs each of which contained a 5-term linear ordering relation (e.g., {dollar}\rm A>B>C>D>E).{dollar} After this information was encoded, subjects were asked to make pair-wise comparisons of these 5 terms. Two major factors were tested: the inclusion of a "You" term (Self-Referencing) among the …
Using Elaborative Interrogation To Help Students Overcome Their Science Misconceptions, Vera Ella Woloshyn
Using Elaborative Interrogation To Help Students Overcome Their Science Misconceptions, Vera Ella Woloshyn
Digitized Theses
The experiments reported here investigated whether a question-answering strategy called elaborative-interrogation would facilitate children's acquisition of science facts. Of particular interest was whether the strategy would help students acquire facts that addressed their inaccurate beliefs, or what are otherwise known as misconceptions. Across two experiments, 140 students in grades 6 and 7 were asked to process individually presented statements. Half of these statements were consistent with their prior knowledge, whereas the remaining facts were inconsistent (i.e., subject to misconceptions). Half of the students in each grade were instructed to read the sentences aloud at a rate that allowed them to …
Pictures, Words, And Synonymy: Representations And Processes, Terrence Charles Biggs
Pictures, Words, And Synonymy: Representations And Processes, Terrence Charles Biggs
Digitized Theses
A series of four experiments are presented which contrast the hypothesis that synonymy is semantically represented with the hypothesis that synonymy is lexically represented. They also stress the importance of task focal information in the interpretation of experimental results. Current mental models appear to operate with the implicit assumption that synonymy is represented semantically. The findings of Biggs and Marmurek (1983, 1990), that synonymous word-picture prime-target presentations produced greater naming facilitation than their repeated counterparts, run counter to the semantic representation hypothesis. The current investigations manipulated the type and degree of processing overlap between prime and target items by using …
The Role Of Personality Trait Inference In Performance Appraisal Ratings, Paul Kam Chan
The Role Of Personality Trait Inference In Performance Appraisal Ratings, Paul Kam Chan
Digitized Theses
This dissertation focuses on raters' implicit theories of personality and performance and their influence on performance ratings. The manner in which behavioural exemplars are perceived to be associated make up "implicit theories". Implicit theories or inferential networks are developed by individuals based upon their experiences and are applied towards the interpretation of current experiences.;The first study defines explicitly the network of personality and performance interrelationships perceived by senior personnel managers and senior accountant managers who routinely make performance appraisal ratings. This is achieved via a multidimensional scaling of similarity ratings performed upon 20 personality and 8 performance behaviours. Raters' implicit …
Individuality In Health, Karen Lorraine Horner
Individuality In Health, Karen Lorraine Horner
Digitized Theses
Past research has related a variety of personality traits to environmental stressors, coping behavior, and health. In this thesis, the relation between various traits and the pathways through which they influence health were explored further. It was hypothesized that personality predicts susceptibility to stressors and mechanisms of coping that modify the cognitive and affective reactions that influence health.;Two hundred and forty-seven psychology students completed self-report questionnaires. Ego resilience, internal locus of control, hardiness, extraversion, and low neuroticism were found to load on a factor moderately related to health. Also loading on the factor were objective stressors, coping strategies, perceived stress, …
Necessity And Sufficiency In Conditional Reasoning, Valerie Anne Thompson
Necessity And Sufficiency In Conditional Reasoning, Valerie Anne Thompson
Digitized Theses
The purpose of this thesis was to contrast two current theories of conditional reasoning. Conditional reasoning entails drawing inferences about situations in which the occurrence of one event is conditional upon the occurrence of another event (e.g., if the car runs out of gas, then it will stall). According to pragmatic schema theory (Cheng and Holyoak, 1985) conditional reasoning is mediated by context-sensitive inference rules that specify the inferences that are pragmatic in a given situation; these rules differ from context to context. For example, the inferences that are thought to be pragmatic in causal situations (in which one event …
Physiological, Cognitive, And Behavioural Effects Of Assigned Performance Goals, Ian Robert Gellatly
Physiological, Cognitive, And Behavioural Effects Of Assigned Performance Goals, Ian Robert Gellatly
Digitized Theses
The general purpose of this research was to determine whether changes in physiological arousal could be induced in a goal-setting paradigm, and if so, were these changes associated with the cognitive and behavioural effects of assigned performance goals. Two laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of different goal conditions on physiological (skin resistance level and heart rate) and self-report arousal, cognition (performance expectancy/self-efficacy, performance valence, perceived norm, and personal goal), and task performance. In the first experiment subjects performed a simple perceptual-speed task under one of three goal conditions and one of two feedback conditions. In accordance with …
Differences In "Action Identification" Between Experienced And Novice Counsellors, Brynah Schneider
Differences In "Action Identification" Between Experienced And Novice Counsellors, Brynah Schneider
Digitized Theses
Vallacher and Wegner's (1985; 1987) theory of "Action Identification" was used as a conceptual basis for the empirical examination of possible differences in the understanding of therapeutic actions held by counsellors with different levels of experience. A series of Action Identification Questionnaires was developed and checked for construct validity and test-retest reliability prior to its use in the research reported. In the main study, eighty subjects (20 private practitioners, 32 faculty members, and 28 graduate students) completed the series of Action Identification Questionnaires by rating ten different identifications of seven commonly-employed therapeutic responses. As predicted, factor analyses revealed readily interpretable …
Psychological Well-Being: Personality And Social Role Perspectives, Kathryn Ann Dance
Psychological Well-Being: Personality And Social Role Perspectives, Kathryn Ann Dance
Digitized Theses
This thesis was concerned with an examination of psychological well-being, defined as consisting of negative affect, positive affect, and self-esteem. Two distinct approaches to well-being were identified (i.e. personality and social role). It was argued that well-being is likely determined by both personality and social role influences, and that these two areas might themselves be interrelated. Both cognitive and affective personality factors were included in this research (i.e. dysfunctional cognitions and affect intensity). Roles were examined at a general level (number of roles and their cognitive representation in terms of complexity) and at a specific level that included assessments of …
Stress Management As Prevention Of The Effects Of Stress: A Comparison Of Comprehensive Approaches, Lynn Marie Levy
Stress Management As Prevention Of The Effects Of Stress: A Comparison Of Comprehensive Approaches, Lynn Marie Levy
Digitized Theses
The present study was intended to be a methodologically sound test of the efficacy of three stress management interventions for the purpose of prevention. The long-term impact of several comprehensive stress management interventions was compared on the aspects of coping ability being targetted by the programs, stress, and the adverse effects of stress. Subjects were asymptomatic male business managers and supervisors. Effects of stress were measured by multiple outcomes including psychological and physical health, and work-related variables. Two intensive training programs, cognitive-behavioural coping skills training, and aerobic-exercise and fitness training, and a practically oriented brief-intervention educational program were compared. Methodological …