Digital Commons Network^™

Superfluidity In Neutron Stars, Samuel J. Witte

Undergraduate Theses—Unrestricted

Nucleon pairing is studied with specific considerations directed toward the possible influence on neutron star cooling. We present an in-depth analysis of BCS theory using realistic nuclear potentials and consider the impact short-range correlations can have on the gap. Gap calculations are incorporated into neutron star cooling simulations and the significance of the 3P2 −3F2 channel in various hadronic cooling models is closely examined. An analysis of the 1S0 gap in neutron matter suggests short-range correlations can drastically alter the magnitude, density range, and temperature dependence of the gap. While the newly constructed 1S0 gap does not significantly alter the …

Physics Alumni Newsletter Spring 2013, Terry Goforth

Physics Alumni Newsletter

Physics Alumni Newsletter

The Physics Alumni Newsletter is produced by the SWOSU Physics Department.

Our Engineering Physics students are recruited in fields such as electronics, aerospace, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering and software engineering. Graduates also have careers in meteorology, architecture, education and more.

Bottled Sky, Ioannis Michalou(Di)S

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

Cloud-hunter Ioannis ΜICHALOU(di)S, lies in wait of air streams, grapping pieces of sky, shaping them, molding them, and baptizing them as ‘aerosculptures’. MICHALOU(di)S is the first visual artist worldwide to use art and science in a unique way. His latest Art-Science achievement is ‘Bottled Sky’. He states:

“In October 2001, while I was trying to create a cubic nephele, in the Visual Arts Research Centre of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), I came upon the silica aerogel for the first time... It is a space technology material, intangible -consisting of 99.9% air and 0.1% glass - which has been recently …

Quantum Programming In Python: Quantum 1d Simple Harmonic Oscillator And Quantum Mapping Gate, Matthew Hoff

Physics

A common problem when learning Quantum Mechanics is the complexity in the mathematical and physical concepts, which leads to difficulty in solving and understanding problems. Using programming languages like Python have become more and more prevalent in solving challenging physical systems. An open-source computer algebra system, SymPy, has been developed using Python to help solve these difficult systems. I have added code to the SymPy library for two different systems, a One-Dimensional Quantum Harmonic Oscillator and a Quantum Mapping Gate used in Quantum Computing.

A Short Introduction To Numerical Linked-Cluster Expansions, Baoming Tang, Ehsan Khatami, Marcos Rigol

Faculty Publications

We provide a pedagogical introduction to numerical linked-cluster expansions (NLCEs). We sketch the algorithm for generic Hamiltonians that only connect nearest-neighbor sites in a finite cluster with open boundary conditions. We then compare results for a specific model, the Heisenberg model, in each order of the NLCE with the ones for the finite cluster calculated directly by means of full exact diagonalization. We discuss how to reduce the computational cost of the NLCE calculations by taking into account symmetries and topologies of the linked clusters. Finally, we generalize the algorithm to the thermodynamic limit, and discuss several numerical resummation techniques …

Physics 3710 – Exam I, David Peak

Exams

No abstract provided.

Vector Acoustic Intensity Around A Tuning Fork, Daniel A. Russell, Justin Junell, Daniel O. Ludwigsen

Physics Publications

The acoustic intensity vector field around a tuning fork is investigated. Theory for a longitudinal quadrupole source predicts a well-defined transition between near-field and far-field, with significant circulation of sound energy in the near-field. Vector components of the time-averaged intensity were measured using a two-microphone intensity probe and found to agree well with predictions from theory. The vector intensity map is interpreted, and shown to provide useful information about the near-field of an acoustic source.

Pair Creation For Bosons In Electric And Magnetic Fields, Q Z. Lv, A C. Su, M Jiang, Rainer Grobe, Qichang Su

Faculty publications – Physics

By solving the quantum field theoretical version of the Klein-Gordon equation numerically, we study the creation process for charged boson-antiboson pairs in static electric and magnetic fields. The fields are perpendicular to each other and spatially localized along the same direction, which permits us to study the crucial impact of the magnetic field's spatial extension on dynamics. If its width is comparable to that of the electric field, we find a magnetically induced Lorentz suppression of the pair-creation process. When the width is increased such that the created bosons can revisit the interaction region, we find a region of exponential …

Retired Lawrence University Physicist Receives National Recognition For Contributions To Science Education, Lawrence University

Press Releases

David Cook, professor emeritus of physics at Lawrence University, has been elected a Fellow in the American Physical Society for his contributions to physics education in America.

The fellowship program recognizes members who have made “exceptional contributions to the physics enterprise through outstanding physics research, important applications of physics, leadership in or service to physics or significant contributions to physics education.” Fellow selection represents significant recognition by one’s professional peers and is highly selective, limited to no more than one-half of one percent of the organization’s more than 50,000 members.

Cook, who retired as Philetus E. Sawyer Professor of Science …

College Of Science And Mathematics Newsletter, Winter 2013, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 8 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

Molecular Self-Assembly Of Functionalized Pentacenes And Fullerenes On Metal Surfaces By Stm And Dft Investigations, Jun Wang

Doctoral Dissertations

Enormous efforts have been made in seeking alternative pathways to more effectively use solar energy. Organic solar cells, composed essentially of carbon-based organic molecular materials, have attracted considerable scientific and industrial attentions because of their economic and environmental benefits. It is advantageous to have the comprehension of the molecular structures and interfacial morphologies for these active molecular materials on substrates in the nanoscale regime.

Controlling the heterostructures of the molecular donor and acceptor materials is essential to overcoming the efficiency bottleneck in organic photovoltaics. Molecular self-assembly on patterned substrates provides a bottom-up approach to create well-controlled molecular heterojunctions and a …

Aspects Of Holography In Lorentz-Violating Gravity, Jishnu Bhattacharyya

Doctoral Dissertations

The study of black hole thermodynamics has provided deep insights into the nature of quantum gravity. In particular, it is almost universally accepted nowadays that 'quantum gravity is holographic', so that the maximum amount of information allowed in a given region of spacetime is proportional to the area of the boundary rather than the volume of the region. This is against the conventional notion of extensivity of information (entropy), but in accord with Bekenstein's proposal on the proportionality of black hole entropy to its event horizon area. Due to the very definition of black holes, however, conventional black hole thermodynamics …

A Potential Framework For Emergent Space-Time And Geometry From Order, Newshaw Bahreyni

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This research is about seeking laws of physics and geometry from order. Anything that is measured is the result of something influencing something else. An act of influencing and the response to such influence form a pair of events. A collection of such events along with their binary ordering relation of influence which forms a

A Statistical Analysis For Estimating Fish Number Density With The Use Of A Multibeam Echosounder, Madeline L. Schroth-Miller

Master's Theses and Capstones

Fish number density can be estimated from the normalized second moment of acoustic backscatter intensity [Denbigh et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 457-469 (1991)]. This method assumes that the distribution of fish scattering amplitudes is known and that the fish are randomly distributed following a Poisson volume distribution within regions of constant density. It is most useful at low fish densities, relative to the resolution of the acoustic device being used, since the estimators quickly become noisy as the number of fish per resolution cell increases. New models that include noise contributions are considered. The methods were applied to …

Quasi-Steady Stages In The Process Of Premixed Flame Acceleration In Narrow Channels, D. M. Valiev, V. Bychkov, V. Akkerman, L.-E. Eriksson, C. K. Law

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Unsolved Problems In Special And General Relativity, Florentin Smarandache, Fu Yuhua, Zhao Fengjuan

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book includes 21 papers written by 23 authors and co-authors. All papers included herein are produced by scholars from People’s Republic of China, except two papers written by Prof. L. Sapogin, V. A. Dzhanibekov, Yu. A. Ryabov from Russia, and by Prof. Florentin Smarandache from USA. The editors hope that all these papers will contribute to the advance of scholarly research on several aspects of Special and General Relativity. This book is suitable for students and scholars interested in studies on physics. The first paper is written by Hua Di. He writes that Einstein’s general theory of relativity cannot …

An Effective Field Theory Calculation Of N(P, D)Γ Cross-Section For Big Bang Nucleo-Synthesis, Rasha Adnan Kamand

Theses and Dissertations

Studying the nuclear reaction n(p,d)γ and calculating its cross-section is not only a matter of interest from theoretical particle physics point of view but also from the viewpoint of cosmology. We now know that the universe is made up of only 5% baryonic matter. So, computing the density of baryons is of particular importance to physicists in general and cosmologists in particular. Deuterium production during Big Bang Nucleo-synthesis (BBN) is very sensitive to the density of baryons, thus baryon density can be inferred from the abundance of deuterium. In order to calculate deuterium abundance one needs to use the cross-section …

The Effects Of Peer Instruction On Ninth Grade Students' Conceptual Understanding Of Forces And Motion, Nicole Congine Harvey

LSU Master's Theses

Because students are often taught physics in a traditional, lecture-based classroom, the present study was undertaken to test whether the use of peer instruction, specifically concept questions embedded within a PowerPoint that allows for students to interact throughout the lecture, affects learner outcomes in a classroom setting. The outcomes from classes taught using peer instruction were compared to classes taught with traditional, lecture-based teaching strategies. Students in five different sections of a 9th grade Physical Science class were given pre-tests and post-tests to determine their learning gains on the topics of motion and forces. In the first unit of instruction, …

Photon Impact Factor And 𝑘T Factorization For Dis In The Next-To-Leading Order, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The photon impact factor for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov pomeron is calculated in the next-to-leading order approximation using the operator expansion in Wilson lines. The result is represented as a next-to-leading order 𝑘_T-factorization formula for the structure functions of small-𝓍 deep inelastic scattering.

Interaction Region Design And Detector Integration At Jlab's Meic, F. Lin, P. Brindza, Y. S. Derbenev, V. S. Morozov, R. Ent, P. Nadel-Turonski, Y. Zhang, C. E. Hyde, M. Sullivan

Physics Faculty Publications

The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will be a next-generation facility for the study of the strong interaction (QCD). JLab's MEIC is designed for high luminosities of up to 10³⁴ cm^-² s^-¹. This is achieved in part due to an aggressively small beta-star, which imposes stringent requirements on the collider rings' dynamical properties. Additionally, one of the unique features of MEIC is a full-acceptance detector with a dedicated, small-angle, high-resolution detection system, capable of covering a wide range of momenta (and charge-to-mass ratios) with respect to the original ion beam to enable access to new physics. The detector …

Some Results On One-Dimensional Models With Broken And Deformed Symmetries, Francis Norman Claridades Paraan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

We present analytic results for the ground state properties and entanglement in the Lieb-Liniger model and q-deformed Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) models. The translational invariance of the Lieb-Liniger model is broken by an external harmonic potential in one case and by coarse-grained measurements of particle number in another. Meanwhile, anisotropy is introduced into the AKLT model by generalizing its SU(2) invariant hamiltonian into one that is SU_q(2) invariant. The Lieb-Liniger model describes a one-dimensional gas of bosons that mutually interact by a zero-range interaction term. Under longitudinal harmonic confinement, the exact spectrum of the hamiltonian is known only for free …

Cosm News, Georgia Southern University

College of Science & Mathematics: News & Publications (2012-2022)

• Georgia Southern Physics Professor Discusses December Doomsday Scenario

Flexural Rigidity Measurements Of Biopolymers Using Gliding Assays, Douglas S. Martin, Lu Yu, Brian L. Van Hoozen Jr.

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers which play a role in cell division, cell mechanics, and intracellular transport. Each of these functions requires microtubules that are stiff and straight enough to span a significant fraction of the cell diameter. As a result, the microtubule persistence length, a measure of stiffness, has been actively studied for the past two decades. Nonetheless, open questions remain: short microtubules are 10-50 times less stiff than long microtubules, and even long microtubules have measured persistence lengths which vary by an order of magnitude.

Here, we present a method to measure microtubule persistence length. The method is based …

Intrinsic Rotation Of Toroidally Confined Magnetohydrodynamics, Jorge A. Morales, Wouter J. T. T. Bos, Kai Schneider, David C. Montgomery

Dartmouth Scholarship

The spatiotemporal self-organization of viscoresistive magnetohydrodynamics in a toroidal geometry is studied. Curl-free toroidal magnetic and electric fields are imposed. It is observed in our simulations that a flow is generated, which evolves from dominantly poloidal to toroidal when the Lundquist numbers are increased. It is shown that this toroidal organization of the flow is consistent with the tendency of the velocity field to align with the magnetic field. Up-down asymmetry of the geometry causes the generation of a nonzero toroidal angular momentum.

Transition In The Fractal Geometry Of Arctic Melt Ponds, C. Hohenegger, B. Alali, K. R. Steffen, D. K. Perovich, K. M. Golden

Dartmouth Scholarship

During the Arctic melt season, the sea ice surface undergoes a remarkable transformation from vast expanses of snow covered ice to complex mosaics of ice and melt ponds. Sea ice albedo, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by the complex evolution of melt pond configurations. In fact, ice–albedo feedback has played a major role in the recent declines of the summer Arctic sea ice pack. However, understanding melt pond evolution remains a significant challenge to improving climate projections. By analyzing area–perimeter data from hundreds of thousands of melt ponds, we find here an unexpected separation of scales, where …

College Of Science And Mathematics Newsletter, Fall 2012, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 8 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

Random Fields At A Nonequilibrium Phase Transition, Hatem Barghathi, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We study nonequilibrium phase transitions in the presence of disorder that locally breaks the symmetry between two equivalent macroscopic states. In low-dimensional equilibrium systems, such random-field disorder is known to have dramatic effects: it prevents spontaneous symmetry breaking and completely destroys the phase transition. In contrast, we show that the phase transition of the one-dimensional generalized contact process persists in the presence of random-field disorder. The ultraslow dynamics in the symmetry-broken phase is described by a Sinai walk of the domain walls between two different absorbing states. We discuss the generality and limitations of our theory, and we illustrate our …

An Item Response Curves Analysis Of The Force Concept Inventory, Gary A. Morris, Nathan Harshman, Lee Branum-Martin, Eric Mazur, Taha Mzoughi, Stephen D. Baker

Faculty Articles

Several years ago, we introduced the idea of item response curves (IRC), a simplistic form of item response theory (IRT), to the physics education research community as a way to examine item performance on diagnostic instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). We noted that a full-blown analysis using IRT would be a next logical step, which several authors have since taken. In this paper, we show that our simple approach not only yields similar conclusions in the analysis of the performance of items on the FCI to the more sophisticated and complex IRT analyses but also permits additional …

Exploration Of Charge Carriers In Obsidian, Ryan Nordvik, Friedemann Freund

STAR Program Research Presentations

This research effort is part of an ongoing investigation into stress-activated positive hole charge carriers in common igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. The findings have already revealed potential early earthquake detection mechanisms and caused a re-think on the processes that could conceivably contribute to the formation of and evolution of life. Positive holes are defect electrons in the oxygen anion sub-lattice of silicate minerals that have demonstrated some intriguing capabilities: flowing out of a stressed rock volume; causing oxidation reactions at the rock-water interface and ionization at the rock-air interface; and traveling great distances. This research seeks to determine if …

Optical Forces From Periodic Adiabatic Rapid Passage Sequences On Metastable Helium Atoms, Daniel Stack

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Over the past 30 years, optical manipulation of neutral atoms has been primarily performed with a monochromatic laser beam. The simplest tool for the control of atomic motion is the radiative force exerted by a monochromatic laser on a twolevel atom. The radiative force arises from absorption followed by spontaneous emission, and its magnitude is limited by the atom's excited state lifetime. The coherent momentum exchanges between light elds and atoms can be exploited to produce long-range optical forces much greater than the radiative force through the use of absorption-stimulated emission processes. Adiabatic Rapid Passage (ARP) is a long-existing method …