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The Effect Of Freezing On The Sulfate/Chlorinity Ratio Of Sea Water, George J. Lewis Jr., Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1950

The Effect Of Freezing On The Sulfate/Chlorinity Ratio Of Sea Water, George J. Lewis Jr., Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

A special refrigeration apparatus was constructed to simulate freezing of sea water under natural conditions. Ice thus obtained, as well as the residual waters, were studied to ascertain the effect of freezing upon the sulfate/chlorinity ratio. This ratio was found to be greater for salts retained by the ice than for the original water. An equivalent decrease in the ratio occurred for the residual water. The ratio in the ices varied considerably and was a function of the rate of formation of ice and the temperatures of exposure. Maximum ratios were obtained at - 8° C and - 45° C. …

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Experimental Study Of The Phosphorus Cycle In Fertilized Salt Water, David M. Pratt Jan 1950

Experimental Study Of The Phosphorus Cycle In Fertilized Salt Water, David M. Pratt

Journal of Marine Research

The rates at which phosphorus is (1) assimilated by phytoplankton, (2) released into solution from dead cells, and (3) regenerated to inorganic state, were measured in outdoor concrete tanks containing sea water fertilized with inorganic phosphate and nitrate. Bottles wrapped in black cloth and bottles exposed to the light were filled with the tank water and suspended in the tanks; the three rates in the P cycle were calculated from the observed changes in the concentrations of inorganic and particulate P in the bottles. The maximum recorded rates were: assimilation = 0.36 µg-at. P/L of sea water in the tanks/day; …

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The Occurance Of Pronounced Salinity Variations In Lousiana Coastal Waters, Richard A. Geyer Jan 1950

The Occurance Of Pronounced Salinity Variations In Lousiana Coastal Waters, Richard A. Geyer

Journal of Marine Research

The chloride-ion contents of more than 700 sea water samples from the coastal waters of western Louisiana were converted to salinity values and were used in a study of the salinity characteristics. These data were gathered from seven drilling platforms during a period of 14 months in a zone paralleling the coast for about 60 miles, approximately 6 to 8 miles offshore and in depths varying between 40 and 50 feet. The chloride-ion content was determined by the standard chemical titration method in connection with quality control of salt water drilling mud used in the drilling of offshore oil wells....

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On The Origin Of Internal Tide Waves In The Open Sea, Albert Defant Jan 1950

On The Origin Of Internal Tide Waves In The Open Sea, Albert Defant

Journal of Marine Research

Several mechanisms are examined which might explain the observed preponderance of internal waves of tidal period. It is concluded that the effect of the earth's rotation on the velocity of internal waves is an important factor in favoring the generation of such internal waves.

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The Effect Of Food On Growth And Coloration Of The Topshell (Turbo Cornutus Solander), Takashi Ino Jan 1949

The Effect Of Food On Growth And Coloration Of The Topshell (Turbo Cornutus Solander), Takashi Ino

Journal of Marine Research

The topshell (Turbo cornutus Solander) is a common herbivorous marine gastropod, distributed in areas of the warm coastal current of Japan. It is a valuable food item and therefore of commercial importance. Under natural conditions the shell is highly spinous and the color greenish brown

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Oceanography And Geosynclines, Parker D. Trask Jan 1949

Oceanography And Geosynclines, Parker D. Trask

Journal of Marine Research

Geosynclines are one of the fundamental problems of geology. Since they are intimately related to the ocean or some inland body of marine water, knowledge of modern concepts of oceanography helps the geologist in understanding better their mode of origin. Geosynclines are masses of sediment, largely elastic in nature, 30,000 to 50,000 feet thick. The deposits consist of alternating sandstone, siltstone, and shale.

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The Conception Of Alkalinity Of Excess Base Of Sea Water, Norris W. Rakestraw Jan 1949

The Conception Of Alkalinity Of Excess Base Of Sea Water, Norris W. Rakestraw

Journal of Marine Research

There is full agreement on these facts: Sea water is slightly alkaline in its reaction towards suitable indicators, and the quantitative measure of this alkalinity may be expressed in terms of the amount of strong acid necessary to bring its reaction to some standard specified "endpoint."...

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A Camera For Producing One-Dimensional Reduction In Narrow Records, Hilary B. Moore Jan 1949

A Camera For Producing One-Dimensional Reduction In Narrow Records, Hilary B. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Many instruments yield long, narrow records which are of an awkward shape for reproduction. In the course of work under Navy contract NObs-2083, numerous fathograms were obtained which showed the diurnal movements of the "deep scattering layer."…

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Trajectories Of Small Bodies Sinking Slowly Through Convection Cells, Henry Stommel Jan 1949

Trajectories Of Small Bodies Sinking Slowly Through Convection Cells, Henry Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

Mr. J. C. Neess of the University of Wisconsin has indicated to the writer in a personal communication that he has often observed a greater variability in plankton tows taken up or down wind in a lake than when made across wind….

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Experiments In The Fertilization Of A Salt Water Pond, David M. Pratt Jan 1949

Experiments In The Fertilization Of A Salt Water Pond, David M. Pratt

Journal of Marine Research

It has long been recognized that the biological productivity of the sea depends primarily upon the nutrition of the phytoplankton. The aim of these experiments was to study this basic process in the cycle of production by the artificial increase of those plant nutrients most likely to become limiting....

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The Use Of The Amidol Test For Dissolved Oxygen In Sea Water, Maxim Lieber, Rolf Eliassen Jan 1949

The Use Of The Amidol Test For Dissolved Oxygen In Sea Water, Maxim Lieber, Rolf Eliassen

Journal of Marine Research

For many years the Winkler method with its various modifications has been the accepted procedure to determine the dissolved oxygen (D. O.) in fresh and saline waters (Amer. Public Health Ass., 1946). The accuracy of this volumetric test has proven itself in the laboratory where proper facilities and apparatus are available for such determinations. However, this test is too awkward and elaborate to be utilized in the field for sanitary and biological studies.

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Laboratory Experiments On Wind-Generated Waves, J. R.D. Francis Jan 1949

Laboratory Experiments On Wind-Generated Waves, J. R.D. Francis

Journal of Marine Research

It has long been known that the study of wind-generated waves on a water surface is difficult in the laboratory because of the large "fetch," or distance downwind, needed for the growth of waves large enough to behave as gravity waves rather than capillary ripples. Johnson (1948), on the evidence of experiments by Stanton et al. (1932) and those of his own at Clear Lake, California, concludes that a channel 311 feet long with a windspeed of 4.5 feet/sec. would reproduce the prototype conditions of a 10 mile fetch with a 40 m. p. h. wind....

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Mass Transport In Ocean Currents And Lateral Mixing, Koji Hidaka Jan 1949

Mass Transport In Ocean Currents And Lateral Mixing, Koji Hidaka

Journal of Marine Research

1. Equations of Mass Transport, with Lateral Mixing Taken into Account. The problems of mass transport by ocean currents are no less important than are those of the currents themselves. Recently Sverdrup (1947) and Reid (1948) discussed the inter-relation between mass transport, pressure distribution and vertical mixing; they were successful in showing that the pressure distribution in the Pacific Equatorial Currents is being fairly maintained by the winds. In the present paper it is of some interest to discuss a certain relationship between mass transport and lateral mixing in a rotating enclosed sea.

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Sampling Atmospheric Sea-Salt Nuclei Over The Ocean, Alfred H. Woodcock, Mary M. Gifford Jan 1949

Sampling Atmospheric Sea-Salt Nuclei Over The Ocean, Alfred H. Woodcock, Mary M. Gifford

Journal of Marine Research

Atmospheric hygroscopic nuclei are of primary interest to meteorologists in studies of haze, fog, clouds, etc. (Simpson, 1941; Middleton, 1941; Sheppard, 1947). The sea surface is presumed to be an important source of these nuclei in the form of drops of concentrated sea water arising from spray.

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Comparative Biochemical Studies On The Lipids Of Marine Invertebrates, With Special Reference To The Sterols, Werner Bergmann Jan 1949

Comparative Biochemical Studies On The Lipids Of Marine Invertebrates, With Special Reference To The Sterols, Werner Bergmann

Journal of Marine Research

For a number of years the author and his collaborators have been engaged in a systematic comparative study of the fatty constituents of marine invertebrates. So far special attention has been devoted mainly to the unsaponifiable fractions of such fats, in particular to the sterols which they contain. Work on the phosphatide fractions of invertebrate fats and their saponifiable components is now in progress and will be discussed in a future publication.

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Horizontal Diffusion Due To Oceanic Turbulence, Henry Stommel Jan 1949

Horizontal Diffusion Due To Oceanic Turbulence, Henry Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some fundamental aspects of horizontal diffusion in the sea and to present some observations that were made especially to obtain quantitive data.

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A Precise Determination Of Chlorinity Of Sea Water Using The Ag-Agcl Indicator Electrode, J. C. Hindman, L. J. Anderson, E. G. Moberg Jan 1949

A Precise Determination Of Chlorinity Of Sea Water Using The Ag-Agcl Indicator Electrode, J. C. Hindman, L. J. Anderson, E. G. Moberg

Journal of Marine Research

A knowledge of the relative currents of the oceans depends to a large extent upon a knowledge of the distribution of mass. Measurements of temperature and cblorinity are made to furnish the necessary data for the computations of the density.

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Theoretical Analysis Of Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of Husan Harbor, Korea, Gordon A. Riley, Ruth Von Arx Jan 1949

Theoretical Analysis Of Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of Husan Harbor, Korea, Gordon A. Riley, Ruth Von Arx

Journal of Marine Research

It has been shown (Riley, 1946, 1947) that seasonal changes in total phytoplankton populations can be depicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy by a simple theoretical construction in which the rate of change of the population is described in terms of physiological processes that increase or decrease its organic content (photosynthesis, respiration, grazing), and in which the rates of the individual processes are quantitatively predictable by reference to a few environmental factors....

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Iodine And Bromine In Sponges, Eva M. Low Jan 1949

Iodine And Bromine In Sponges, Eva M. Low

Journal of Marine Research

Iodine and bromine have been known to occur in sponges since the early part of the nineteenth century. Since then a large number of analyses, primarily of the bath sponge but also of other sponges, have been reported. Both iodine and bromine have been found in most cases, although in greatly varying amounts....

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The Diatoms Collected By The U.S.S. Cacopan In The Antarctic In 1947, Brian P. Boden Jan 1949

The Diatoms Collected By The U.S.S. Cacopan In The Antarctic In 1947, Brian P. Boden

Journal of Marine Research

For investigation of the Diatomaceae, a series of water samples was collected from the U. S. S. CACOPAN by filling a citrate bottle either with surface water obtained with a bucket or with water obtained from various depths with Nansen bottles….

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The Distribution Of The Eggs Of Vampyroteuthis Infernalis Chun, Grace E. Pickford Jan 1949

The Distribution Of The Eggs Of Vampyroteuthis Infernalis Chun, Grace E. Pickford

Journal of Marine Research

Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun is a bathypelagic dibranchiate cephalopod of such peculiar character, in some respects specialized and in some respects primitive, that it cannot be placed in either of the living suborders but appears to be more nearly akin to certain Mesozoic fossils....

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The Field Use Of A Salinity-Temperature-Depth Recorder, William L. Ford Jan 1949

The Field Use Of A Salinity-Temperature-Depth Recorder, William L. Ford

Journal of Marine Research

A salinity-temperature-depth recorder that provides a continuous record of the salinity and temperature of sea water has been described by Jacobson. The present paper is a discussion of the use of this instrument in the field and of its application to a variety of hydrographic problems.

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The Determination Of Nitrates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1948

The Determination Of Nitrates In Sea Water, Rex J. Robinson, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

The concentrations of nitrite-nitrogen in sea water varies from 0.000 to 2.00 microgram atoms (µg. atoms) per liter of sea water at 20° C. In the open ocean nitrites are seldom found in depths below 100 meters, and even at these depths the water may be completely devoid of nitrites. When occurring in waters near the surface, the concentration is generally less than 0.10 µg. atom of nitrite-nitrogen per liter. The higher values are obtained at times in the waters on the continental shelf and in sounds, straits, fjords and estuaries.

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Note Concerning Human Respiratory Irritation Associated With High Concentrations Of Plankton And Mass Mortality Of Marine Organisms, Alfred H. Woodcock Jan 1948

Note Concerning Human Respiratory Irritation Associated With High Concentrations Of Plankton And Mass Mortality Of Marine Organisms, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

There is increasing evidence that high concentrations of plankton are sometimes associated with mass mortality among marine animals (Taylor, 1917, see ref's pp. 14-16; Marchand, 1928; BrongersmaSanders, 1947; Gunter, et al., 1947).

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The Measurement Of The Viscosity Coefficient Of Sea Water, Yasuo Miyake, Masami Koizumi Jan 1948

The Measurement Of The Viscosity Coefficient Of Sea Water, Yasuo Miyake, Masami Koizumi

Journal of Marine Research

In an old study by Ruppin and Krummel (Krümmel, 1907: 281), the viscosity of sea water was measured by the method of Wil. Ostwald. However, at that time the data for the viscosity of sea water were given relative to that of pure water at 0° C. Since then several precise measurements (Dorsey, 1940: 182) have been made and reliable data obtained, and therefore it is necessary to determine more exact values for the viscosity of sea water.

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A Study On The Foaming Of Sea Water Part I, Yasuo Miyake, Tomosaburo Abe Jan 1948

A Study On The Foaming Of Sea Water Part I, Yasuo Miyake, Tomosaburo Abe

Journal of Marine Research

In spite of the fact that many marine observers are aware that sea water has a remarkable foaming capacity, there has not been any scientific study of this subject. However, the foaming capacity may be of considerable importance in oceanography. For instance, there must be an intimate relation between the Beaufort scale and the foaming of sea water, since there is no doubt that aspects of white waves generated on the sea by winds largely depend on this effect.

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Oceanography And Geomagnetism, J. A. Fleming Jan 1948

Oceanography And Geomagnetism, J. A. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

Because of the large portion of the Earth that is covered by the oceans, the determination of accurate values of the geomagnetic elements at sea is a major objective in a world survey. It was not until 1905-1929 that realization of this objective was obtained through the ftystematic oceanic surveys sponsored by the Carnegie Institution of Washington through its Department of Terrestrial Magnetism....

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Atmospheric Tides, Jacob Bjerknes Jan 1948

Atmospheric Tides, Jacob Bjerknes

Journal of Marine Research

The subject of at mospheric tides has been and still is a great challenge to the theoretical meteorologist. Despite the many bnlliant contributions to atmospheric tidal theory from the time of Laplace up to the present, one of the essential tidal features---- the surprisingly great amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide produced by the sun----still calls for a really convincing explanation....

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On Displacements And Intensity Changes Of Atmospheric Vortices, C. G. Rossby Jan 1948

On Displacements And Intensity Changes Of Atmospheric Vortices, C. G. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

Aerological investigations conducted during the last few years have revealed that the long, meandering disturbances characteristic of the middle latitude belt of westerlies in the upper troposphere frequently increase in amplitude until troughs and ridges finally are cut off from the main current, thus forming cold cyclonic vortices on the equatorial side of the west-wind belt and warm anticyclonic vortices on the north side thereof. True vortices, with nearly vertical axes, are thus characteristic phenomena not only of equatorial regions where they appear as tropical cyclones but also of middle latitudes. The middle latitude vortices seem to be phenomena of …

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Progress In The Statistical Theory Of Turbulance, Theodore Von Kármán Jan 1948

Progress In The Statistical Theory Of Turbulance, Theodore Von Kármán

Journal of Marine Research

The fundamental notion of statistical mean values in fluid mechanics was first introduced by Reynolds (1894). In his description of the turbulent motion he started from the molecular disorder. By considering the mean value and correlations in the molecular motion, as it was shown before, one obtains the equation of Stokes-Navier (1845, 1822).

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