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The Equation Of State Of Seawater, Rana A. Fine, Dong-Ping Wang, Frank J. Millero Jan 1974

The Equation Of State Of Seawater, Rana A. Fine, Dong-Ping Wang, Frank J. Millero

Journal of Marine Research

The P-V-T properties of seawater calculated from the sound derived equation of state of Wang and Millero (1973)…


The Determination And Distribution Of Iodate In South Atlantic Waters, G. T.F. Wong, P. G. Brewer Jan 1974

The Determination And Distribution Of Iodate In South Atlantic Waters, G. T.F. Wong, P. G. Brewer

Journal of Marine Research

A novel method has been developed for the precise determination of iodate in sea water and the technique has been applied to samples from two stations in the Argentine Basin and one station in the Angola Basin. The method involves acidification of the sea water sample in the presence of excess iodjde in order to form the tri-iodide ion and measurement of the absorbance of this ion in a spectrophotometric titration cell....


Observations On The Distribution Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Atlantic Ocean Organisms, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, Vaughan T. Bowen, William G. Steinhauer Jan 1974

Observations On The Distribution Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Atlantic Ocean Organisms, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, Vaughan T. Bowen, William G. Steinhauer

Journal of Marine Research

Industrial polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and the DDT family (t-DDT) were measured in several species of organisms collected from the open Atlantic Ocean between 66°N and 35°S latitude. All the organisms had higher concentrations of PCBs than t-DDT. Many trophic levels were represented in the collections, but the analytical data offer no support for food chain magnification among gilled organisms....


Observations Of Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations On The Continental Slope And Rise Near Site D, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1974

Observations Of Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations On The Continental Slope And Rise Near Site D, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

An array of near-bottom current meters was set on the continental rise and slope near Site D in the autumn, 1970. At the junction of the slope and rise and over the slope the low-frequency (less than 1 c.p.d.) flow was predominantly along depth contours, and flow across depth contours was dominated by higher frequencies. The low-frequency kinetic energy decays in both directions away from a mooring position near the slope-rise junction....


Regional Variations In Tropical High Intertidal Gastropod Assemblages, Geerat J. Vermeij Jan 1974

Regional Variations In Tropical High Intertidal Gastropod Assemblages, Geerat J. Vermeij

Journal of Marine Research

High intertidal gastropod assemblages in the Inda-Malaysian area and western Indian Ocean have a higher incidence of presumed antipredatory devices (obstructed apertures, inflexible opercula, low spires, and strong external shell sculpture) than high intertidal gastropods found elsewhere in the tropics....


Dissolved Organic Matter In Seawater And The Electric Charge Of Immersed Surfaces, Rex Neihof, George Loeb Jan 1974

Dissolved Organic Matter In Seawater And The Electric Charge Of Immersed Surfaces, Rex Neihof, George Loeb

Journal of Marine Research

Changes in the electrical charge that occur on the surfaces of test particles of quartz, germanium, and an anion-exchange resin when they are exposed to natural and artificial seawater have been studied by means of microelectrophoresis….


Grazing And Control Of Coral Reef Community Structure By Diadema Antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): A Preliminary Study, Paul W. Sammarco, Jeffrey S. Levinton, John C. Ogden Jan 1974

Grazing And Control Of Coral Reef Community Structure By Diadema Antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): A Preliminary Study, Paul W. Sammarco, Jeffrey S. Levinton, John C. Ogden

Journal of Marine Research

The grazing activities of the tropical echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi can markedly influence the structure of the shallow-water epibenthic coral reef community. The elimination of an entire Diadema population from a patch reef in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands resulted in a great increase in macro-algal biomass, alterations in species composition, shifts in dominance, an increase in species numbers, and a decrease in equitability....


A Linear Theory Of Stationary Coastal Upwelling In A Continuously Stratified Ocean With An Unstratified Shelf Area, Matthias Tomczak Jr., Rolf H. Käse Jan 1974

A Linear Theory Of Stationary Coastal Upwelling In A Continuously Stratified Ocean With An Unstratified Shelf Area, Matthias Tomczak Jr., Rolf H. Käse

Journal of Marine Research

The circulation in a coastal upwelling region with a shelf area is calculated. It is assumed that the circulation on the shelf is independent of the deep-sea circulation and consists of a surface Ekman layer outflow, a coastal boundary layer upwelling and a bottom Ekman layer inflow. The resultant velocity distribution is used as a boundary condition for the deep-sea circulation....


Direct Current Measurements Of A Shelf-Edge Frontal Jet In The Southern Benguela System, N. D. Bang, W. R.H. Andrews Jan 1974

Direct Current Measurements Of A Shelf-Edge Frontal Jet In The Southern Benguela System, N. D. Bang, W. R.H. Andrews

Journal of Marine Research

A bathythermograph section generated during the outward run along a roo mile line running 255° from Cape Town was used to condition the positioning of a series of direct current measurements during the inward run along the same line. The latter produced the first direct measurement current velocity section across the Benguela system....


Polyspecies Aquaculture Systems: The Detrital Trophic Level, Kenneth R. Tenore, Mason G. Browne, Edward J. Chesney Jr. Jan 1974

Polyspecies Aquaculture Systems: The Detrital Trophic Level, Kenneth R. Tenore, Mason G. Browne, Edward J. Chesney Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The production of species belonging to the detrital trophic level was investigated in a model-sized aquaculture system, with flowing, filtered seawater and controlled phytoplankton addition to experimental tanks containing the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The biodeposits of feces and pseudofeces of the oysters supported on the bottom of one tank a population of the nereid polychaete, Nereis virens and in the other tank a mixed community of the capitellid polychaete, Capitella capitata and the amphipod, Corophium sp....


A Field Study Of Wave-Induced Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder Jan 1974

A Field Study Of Wave-Induced Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder

Journal of Marine Research

The atmospheric pressure field above waves was monitored at two experimental sites in the Bight of Abaco (BOA), Bahamas, using horizontal arrays of up to four microbarographs and four wave recorders. During four separate field experiments in the period June 1968- April 1972, 96 hours of data were obtained. These data cover a wind-speed range of 3–10m/s and a microbarograph elevation range (relative to the mean surface) of 0.5–2.0 m....


Mass Transport Over A Rough Bed, J. F.A. Sleath Jan 1974

Mass Transport Over A Rough Bed, J. F.A. Sleath

Journal of Marine Research

Analytical expressions are derived for the mass-transport velocity produced by progressive water waves in the boundary layer over a rippled bed. The effect of bed roughness is found to be to increase the mass-transport velocity, except for very long waves where the velocity may be decreased....


Possible Interactions Between Phytoplankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides, Daniel Kamykowski Jan 1974

Possible Interactions Between Phytoplankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides, Daniel Kamykowski

Journal of Marine Research

Computer programs are used to analyze some possible interactions between phytoplankton and semidiurnal internal tides. The internal tides are modeled in a two-layer ocean using small amplitude wave theory . Wave characteristics representative of southern California coastal waters are used as input for the equations....


Inorganic Speciation Of Boron In Seawater, Robert H. Byrne Jr., Dana R. Kester Jan 1974

Inorganic Speciation Of Boron In Seawater, Robert H. Byrne Jr., Dana R. Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Boric acid-borate apparent dissociation constants were determined in synthetic media and in seawater using a glass pH electrode….


Tide-Well Systems Ii: The Frequency Response Of A Linear Tide-Well System, B. J. Noye Jan 1974

Tide-Well Systems Ii: The Frequency Response Of A Linear Tide-Well System, B. J. Noye

Journal of Marine Research

Recent uses to which tide records have been put have exposed limitations of the nonlinear tide well with an orifice. By replacing the orifice with a long horizontal pipe connection, the system becomes essentially linear and the limitations of the conventional system no longer apply. The analysis in this paper shows that unsteady effects in the pipe flow produce the main features of the frequency response of the system; the hydrodynamic filtering of waves due to the depth of the pipe connection and the effect of the inertia of the water in the well are relatively unimportant....


Tide-Well Systems Iii:Improved Interpretation Of Tide-Well Records, B. J. Noye Jan 1974

Tide-Well Systems Iii:Improved Interpretation Of Tide-Well Records, B. J. Noye

Journal of Marine Research

Recent studies of the non-linear response of the conventional tide-well system have pointed out the deficiencies of the system when the tide records are to be used for scientific purposes requiring very accurate data. An experimental method of checking the response of such tidewells, by means of a drainage test, is described. This provides the basis of a further method, by which the height of the water level in the well may be approximately corrected to give the height of the sea level outside the well. The application of these methods, to a recently advocated linear tide-well system, is also …


Opportunistic Life Histories And Genetic Systems In Marine Benthic Polychaetes, J. Frederick Grassle, Judith P. Grassle Jan 1974

Opportunistic Life Histories And Genetic Systems In Marine Benthic Polychaetes, J. Frederick Grassle, Judith P. Grassle

Journal of Marine Research

The decline in benthic marine fauna following an oil spill in West Falmouth, Massachusetts, permitted us to follow the responses of a number of polychaete and other invertebrate species to an environmental disturbance. Species with the most opportunistic life histories increased and declined at the two stations with the greatest reduction in species diversity. The stations with an intermediate reduction in diversity showed increases and declines of somewhat less opportunistic species....


Some Details Of Upwelling Off The Somali And Arabian Coasts, J. G. Bruce Jan 1974

Some Details Of Upwelling Off The Somali And Arabian Coasts, J. G. Bruce

Journal of Marine Research

Surface temperature and salinity maps from measurements during the period of maximum coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea are given. The region of coldest, temperature < 14°C, and freshest, salinity < 35.15‰, surface water off Ras Mabber (9°N Somali coast) shifted northeastward during a ten-day period. Off the Arabian coast the upwelled water was not as cold (minimum, 18°C) or fresh (minimum, 35.7‰) and was found between 16°N and 20°N.


Kelvin-Wave Reflection In A Semi-Infinite Canal, P. J. Brown Jan 1973

Kelvin-Wave Reflection In A Semi-Infinite Canal, P. J. Brown

Journal of Marine Research

Taylor's tidal problem for a rotating semi-infinite canal is reformulated to allow for the possibility of imperfect reflection of Kelvin waves. It is found that, just below the critical period at which Poincare mode propagation becomes possible, this mode becomes the principal energy-reflection mechanism. This critical period can easily exceed the tidal period, resulting in highly asymmetric oscillations....


Dispersal Of The Protozoan Folliculina Simplex Dons (Ciliophora, Heterotricha) Throughout The North Atlantic Ocean On The Shells Of Gastropod Veliger Larvae, Rudolf S. Scheltema Jan 1973

Dispersal Of The Protozoan Folliculina Simplex Dons (Ciliophora, Heterotricha) Throughout The North Atlantic Ocean On The Shells Of Gastropod Veliger Larvae, Rudolf S. Scheltema

Journal of Marine Research

The sessile ciliate protozoan Folliculina simplex Dons can attach itself to the shells of large gastropod larvae and is found as an epizoite on the veligers of Tanna galea, Cymatium nicobaricum, Charonia variegata, Cymatium parthenopeum, and several other Cymatiidae. Among all the planktonic samples taken throughout the North Atlantic, 12.6% included prosobranch veligers bearing folliculinid ciliates....


The Enthalpy Of Seawater From 0 To 30°C And From 0 To 40‰ Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Lee D. Hansen, Edward V. Hoff Jan 1973

The Enthalpy Of Seawater From 0 To 30°C And From 0 To 40‰ Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Lee D. Hansen, Edward V. Hoff

Journal of Marine Research

Heats of dilution of seawater have been determined in the range of 40‰ to 0.4‰ salinity from 0 to 30°C….


Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev Jan 1973

Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev

Journal of Marine Research

Veronis (1972: 227), in the above paper, has stated that "The quantity that is orthogonal to potential-density curves in the θS [T–S] plane is suggested as a useful variable to complement the information contained in potential density." He denotes this quantity with τ.


Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan Jan 1973

Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan

Journal of Marine Research

Breck (1972) has proposed a new approach for determining the "redox level" (Eh) in aerated natural waters and has described an electrode arrangement which, supposedly, is capable of accurately measuring Eh in such waters.


Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow Jan 1973

Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow

Journal of Marine Research

Advanced parr of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) were exposed in laboratory tanks to oil poured on the surface of artificial seawater in amounts ranging from 500 to 3500 ppm equivalent, at water temperatures of 3°, 8°, and 13°C. Statistically significant increases in the mortality rates over control animals were observed at all oil concentrations and at all temperatures. The mortality rates appeared to be directly related to oil concentration and inversely to temperature....


Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson Jan 1973

Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal variability of the directly measured transport and horizontal currents in the Florida Strait has been determined from 90 transects of the Florida Current at the latitude of Miami, Florida. It is estimated that the seasonal variability accounts for 45% of the total variability in the total transport; the early summertime maximum value of the transport is 33.6 × 106 m3/sec, and the early winter low is 25.4 × 106 m3/sec....


The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Using finite difference methods, the effect on long waves of a coastal shelf in a rotating hemispherical basin, symmetric about the equator, is studied. Of the four modes investigated, with a shelf added to a constant-depth basin, two modes respond weakly: one is a planetary mode antisymmetric in the sea surface about the equator; the other is a gravity mode symmetric in the sea surface....


On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Five barotropic modes of oscillation are computed for a hemispherical basin centered on the equator of a rotating earth. The method of Longuet-Higgins and Pond (1970), which takes full account of horizontal divergence and the sphericity of the earth, is used. Two of the modes are planetary modes and three are gravity modes. Periods of oscillation for the five modes range from one day to over four days....


Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs Jan 1973

Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs

Journal of Marine Research

An efficient technique for long-distance swimming by fish with negative buoyancy is suggested and described. This includes a phase of powerless gliding with a gradual increase of depth followed by active upward swimming at an angle to the original height....


Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis Jan 1973

Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

In preparation for a more comprehensive study, the present paper develops a picture of steady global ocean circulation as it would appear if the ocean were driven by only the wind stress at the surface. The spherical geometry is retained, but bottom topography is neglected and the lateral boundaries of the different basins are segments of parallels of longitude or latitude. The observed zonal wind stress is zonally averaged for each basin, and the stratification is represented by two homogeneous layers that are dynamically uncoupled; i.e., there is no stress transfer across the interface or thermocline....


A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak Jan 1973

A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak

Journal of Marine Research

The development of a technique for towing standard oceanographic sensors (pressure, temperature, conductivity, and sound velocity) at intermediate depths of less than 1000 m is described. Data show the depth characteristics of the tow and the comparative output from each of the sensors....