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Oceans

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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 2515

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Circulation Near The Newfoundland Ridge, D. G. Mountain, J. L. Shuhy Jan 1980

Circulation Near The Newfoundland Ridge, D. G. Mountain, J. L. Shuhy

Journal of Marine Research

Mesoscale eddies (25 to 150 km diameter) are observed to occur along the crest of the Newfoundland Ridge and have water properties that suggest an origin near the Tail of the Bank. The eddies appear to be important features of the circulation over the Ridge....

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The Geochemistry Of Iodine And Bromine In Sediments Of The Panama Basin, T. F. Pedersen, N. B. Price Jan 1980

The Geochemistry Of Iodine And Bromine In Sediments Of The Panama Basin, T. F. Pedersen, N. B. Price

Journal of Marine Research

The areal and vertical distribution of iodine, bromine and organic carbon has been examined in a suite of sediment cores from the Panama Basin. Both halogens are approximately correlative with organic carbon in surface sediments. The concentrations of all three elements vary sympathetically but considerably with depth, especially in equatorial carbonate oozes where a distinct mid-depth (40-80 cm) concentration maximum is observed....

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Material Fluxes And Modes Of Sedimentation In The Mesopelagic And Bathypelagic Zones, Susumu Honjo Jan 1980

Material Fluxes And Modes Of Sedimentation In The Mesopelagic And Bathypelagic Zones, Susumu Honjo

Journal of Marine Research

Initial results from samples collected during three sediment trapping experiments at three deep ocean stations in the central Sargasso Sea, the tropical Atlantic and the central North Atlantic are reported in this paper. At each station a moored array with four or five PARFLUX Mark II sediment traps with an opening of 1.5 m2 was deployed through 4,000 m to near bottom for 61 to 110 days....

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Ocean Chlorophyll Studies From A U-2 Aircraft Platform, Hongsuk H. Kim, Charles R. Mcclain, Lamdin R. Blaine, William D. Hart, Larry P. Atkinson, James A. Yoder Jan 1980

Ocean Chlorophyll Studies From A U-2 Aircraft Platform, Hongsuk H. Kim, Charles R. Mcclain, Lamdin R. Blaine, William D. Hart, Larry P. Atkinson, James A. Yoder

CCPO Publications

Chlorophyll gradient maps of large ocean areas were generated from U-2/OCS data obtained over test sites in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. The delineation of oceanic features using the upward radiant intensity relies on an analysis method which presupposes that radiation backscattered from the atmosphere and the ocean surface can be properly modeled by using a measurement made at 778 nm. The calculation of atmospheric radiance was performed by using a method developed by J.V. Dave. An estimation of the chlorophyll concentration is performed by properly ratioing radiances measured at 472 and 548 nm after removing the atmospheric effects. …

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New Trends In International Law: The Challenges Of The Ecological Age, Richard A. Falk Jan 1980

New Trends In International Law: The Challenges Of The Ecological Age, Richard A. Falk

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

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Oil And Gas In The Oceans, Herman T. Franssen Jan 1980

Oil And Gas In The Oceans, Herman T. Franssen

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

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Upwelling In The Gulf Of Guinea, S. G.H. Philander Jan 1979

Upwelling In The Gulf Of Guinea, S. G.H. Philander

Journal of Marine Research

Upwelling along the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea occurs only between June and October even though the local winds are favorable for upwelling throughout the year and have no seasonal variability. Away from the coast, near the equator for example, the winds do vary seasonally and cause large scale oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Guinea to change seasonally....

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The Effect Of Sewage On Uptake Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Carbon By Natural Populations Of Marine Phytoplankton, Jane J. Macisaac, Richard C. Dugdale, Susan A. Huntsman, H. Lee Conway Jan 1979

The Effect Of Sewage On Uptake Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Carbon By Natural Populations Of Marine Phytoplankton, Jane J. Macisaac, Richard C. Dugdale, Susan A. Huntsman, H. Lee Conway

Journal of Marine Research

The short-term effect of sewage effluent on nitrogen and carbon productivity of natural marine phytoplankton obtained near two California outfalls has been studied. Uptake of ammonium was shown to be inhibited at much lower effluent concentrations than was carbon uptake. Since the populations studied were shown to exhibit Michaelis-Menten kinetics for ammonium uptake, a precise measurement of inhibition could be obtained. The results have immediate application since the phytoplankton populations of the area studied have been shown previously to be nitrogen limited.

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Hydrological Structure Analysis For Estimating The Primary Production In The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, A. Herbland, B. Voituriez Jan 1979

Hydrological Structure Analysis For Estimating The Primary Production In The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, A. Herbland, B. Voituriez

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distribution of the parameters involved in primary production was studied on a large number of stations of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. A statistical analysis and an ecological interpretation are used to point out a typical tropical structure (TTS) of the tropical ecosystem in the euphotic layer....

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On The Eddy Statistics In A Ring-Rich Area: A Hypothesis Of Bimodal Structure, Kuh Kim, Thomas Rossby Jan 1979

On The Eddy Statistics In A Ring-Rich Area: A Hypothesis Of Bimodal Structure, Kuh Kim, Thomas Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

A hypothesis is introduced in constructing the statistics of an eddy field, which distinguishes Gulf Stream rings as a separate anomalous feature from the rnesoscale eddy field. Analysis of XBT sections between New York City and Bermuda with rings removed indicates that the therrnocline deepens toward the Gulf Stream from Bermuda and the r.rn.s. displacement of the 15°C isotherm is 50 m or less....

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A Procedure For Independently Estimating Blanks And Uncertainties For Measured Values Of 90sr And 137cs Concentrations In The Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston Jan 1979

A Procedure For Independently Estimating Blanks And Uncertainties For Measured Values Of 90sr And 137cs Concentrations In The Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston

Journal of Marine Research

A procedure has been developed for independently estimating blanks and measurement uncertainties for measured values of 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations in the Atlantic Ocean. The procedure depends on delineation of a region in the Atlantic Ocean which has never contained measurable quantities of these fission products. Such a region is defined....

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Effects Of The Light Regime On Nutrient Assimilation By Phytoplankton In The Baja California And Northwest Africa Upwelling Systems, David M. Nelson, H. Lee Conway Jan 1979

Effects Of The Light Regime On Nutrient Assimilation By Phytoplankton In The Baja California And Northwest Africa Upwelling Systems, David M. Nelson, H. Lee Conway

Journal of Marine Research

The ability of natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Baja California and northwest Africa upwelling regions to assimilate nitrate, ammonium and silicic acid at simulated in situ light intensity and in the dark, was determined in 6 hr tracer experiments using the stable isotopes 15N and 30Si. Nitrate was almost never taken up in the dark, but dark uptake rates of ammonium and silicic acid ranged from zero to values equal to those measured at saturating light intensity....

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Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions, Iii: The Linear Equatorial Basin Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik Jan 1979

Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions, Iii: The Linear Equatorial Basin Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik

Journal of Marine Research

Previous work on the linear spin-up of an equatorial ocean is extended to include the specific effects of the north-south extent of the basin, thus allowing a detailed comparison of analytic spin-up theory with numerical calculations….

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A One-Dimensional Model Of Meridional Oceanic Heat Transport, John A.T. Bye Jan 1979

A One-Dimensional Model Of Meridional Oceanic Heat Transport, John A.T. Bye

Journal of Marine Research

A one-dimensional model for the global meridional oceanic heat transport flux distribution is established which indicates the dominant role of the Ekman heat transports between 35N and 30S, in which the depth averaged ocean temperature is approximately constant, and of the Ekman and diffusive transports at higher latitudes where the depth-average temperature decreases....

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Effects Of Variations In Eddy Diffusivity On Property Distributions In The Oceans, Laurence Armi Jan 1979

Effects Of Variations In Eddy Diffusivity On Property Distributions In The Oceans, Laurence Armi

Journal of Marine Research

The hypothesis that variations in eddy diffusivity may be responsible for some of the observed distributions of oceanic scalars is explored. A gradient in eddy diffusivity affects property distributions much as would an additional velocity field from regions of high to low eddy diffusivity. In support of such an interpretation, the cross-isopycnal distribution of density is compared with an eddy diffusivity prescribed by the combination of boundary mixing and isopycnal exchange....

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Small-Scale Patterns And Processes In A Soft-Substratum, Intertidal Community, James E. Eckman Jan 1979

Small-Scale Patterns And Processes In A Soft-Substratum, Intertidal Community, James E. Eckman

Journal of Marine Research

Experimental manipulations and direct observations were combined to study small-scale dispersion patterns and their causes in an intertidal sand-flat community numerically dominated by sessile and sedentary tube dwellers. Individuals of several species exhibited gregariousness at scales as small as one centimeter. Experiments in which needles were placed in sediments to simulate animal tubes suggested that organisms are affected by patterns of flow which change over distances of several millimeters to a centimeter.

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The Feeding Response Of Copepods From The Peru Upwelling System: Food Size Selection, Timothy J. Cowles Jan 1979

The Feeding Response Of Copepods From The Peru Upwelling System: Food Size Selection, Timothy J. Cowles

Journal of Marine Research

Two cruises to the Peru upwelling in 1976 and 1977 provided the opportunity to examine the feeding response of Centropages brachiatus, Calanus chilensis, and Eucalanus inermis. The shipboard experiments with naturally occurring particulate matter were designed to test two hypotheses: 1) that food size selectivity by a copepod is a function of overall food concentration, and 2) that a copepod varies the range of food sizes ingested as a function of food concentration and available food size....

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Distribution, Fluxes And Biological Utilization Of Inorganic Nitrogen During A Spring Bloom In The New York Bight, H. Lee Conway, Terry E. Whitledge Jan 1979

Distribution, Fluxes And Biological Utilization Of Inorganic Nitrogen During A Spring Bloom In The New York Bight, H. Lee Conway, Terry E. Whitledge

Journal of Marine Research

The utilization of ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) by natural phytoplankton communities was measured during a Ceratium tripos-dominated spring bloom in the New York Bight….

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Influence Of Amazon River Discharge On The Marine Production System Off Barbados, West Indies, Robert Kidd, Finn Sander Jan 1979

Influence Of Amazon River Discharge On The Marine Production System Off Barbados, West Indies, Robert Kidd, Finn Sander

Journal of Marine Research

The present investigation compares hydrography, nutrient chemistry and related biological par ameters between periods of extensive and limited influence of Amazon River waters at Barbados….

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Thermal Feedback On Wind-Stress As A Contributing Cause Of The Gulf Stream, David Behringer, Lloyd Regier, Henry Stommel Jan 1979

Thermal Feedback On Wind-Stress As A Contributing Cause Of The Gulf Stream, David Behringer, Lloyd Regier, Henry Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

A simple model is used to explore a feedback mechanism which may be significant in the formation of the Gulf Stream. The feedback operates through the drag coefficient which is a function of the sea-air temperature difference. The model is divided into interior and western boundary regions which are overlaid by an atmosphere with a constant meridional temperature gradient....

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The Potential Flow Over Ripples On The Seabed, A. G. Davies Jan 1979

The Potential Flow Over Ripples On The Seabed, A. G. Davies

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes an analytical method to determine the potential flow over an undulating · surface of prescribed shape. The method is applied both to profiles of real sand ripples on the seabed and to idealized ripple profiles. The flow is assumed to be oscillatory, uniplanar, deep .and nonseparating, and the ripples to be symmetrical about their crests....

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Respiration And Respiratory Electron Transport Activity In Plankton From The Northwest African Upwelling Area, T. T. Packard Jan 1979

Respiration And Respiratory Electron Transport Activity In Plankton From The Northwest African Upwelling Area, T. T. Packard

Journal of Marine Research

Microplankton and zooplankton respiration were calculated from ETS activity measurements in the upwelled waters off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. The mean respiration was 14.4 mgC h-1m-2 for microplankton and 6.4 mgC h-1m-2 for zooplankton. Mixing kept the microplankton from accumulating in the surface waters so that vertical profiles were nearly uniform with depth. High levels of ETS activity below the euphotic zone reflected this mixing....

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Velocity Variability In A Cross-Section Of A Well-Mixed Estuary, Björn Kjerfve, Jeffrey A. Proehl Jan 1979

Velocity Variability In A Cross-Section Of A Well-Mixed Estuary, Björn Kjerfve, Jeffrey A. Proehl

Journal of Marine Research

North Inlet, South Carolina, is a well-mixed, tidally driven, high-salinity, shallow type IA estuary consisting of winding creeks that intersect a 30 km2 Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. An intensive spring tide field sampling in a 320 m wide cross-section during three consecutive tidal cycles in November 1977 resulted in detailed information on the cross-sectional net and rootmean-square (r.m.s.) velocity distributions....

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Sedimentation Rates In The Slope Water Of The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Measured Directly With Sediment Traps, Gilbert T. Rowe, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1979

Sedimentation Rates In The Slope Water Of The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Measured Directly With Sediment Traps, Gilbert T. Rowe, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

Four sedi ment trap arrays we re deployed in the Slope Water off the northeast United States for periods of 5.8 to 15.8 days from May to August 1976. Three traps, each a PVC cylinder 25 cm in diameter and 76 cm tall, were attached a t va rious distances above the bottom along bottom-anchored moorings. Closure of the individu al traps and release of each array from its expend able anchor was co ntrolled by a Williams Timed Release or an AMF acoustic release. DSRV ALVIN, making observations of one array, closed those traps and released that array from …

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Low Frequency Sea Level Variability On The Middle Atlantic Bight, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1979

Low Frequency Sea Level Variability On The Middle Atlantic Bight, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

Low-frequency sea level fluctuations on the Mid-Atlantic Bight, from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras, and their relations to wind forcing were examined over a one-year (1975) period. The dominant sea level fluctuations occurred at time scales of 4 days, and they were coherent over the entire Bight. On the other hand, sea levels were not coherent between the southern (south of Kiptopeake B.) and northern part at shorter time scales....

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Ecological Implications Of Fecal Pellet Size, Production And Consumption By Copepods, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer Jan 1979

Ecological Implications Of Fecal Pellet Size, Production And Consumption By Copepods, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer

Journal of Marine Research

The volume of fecal pellets produced by the calanoid copepods Temora turbinata and Eucalanus pileatus increases with increasing weight of the copepod. Pellets produced by nauplii of E. pileatus are eaten by adult females of the same species at about the same rates as phytoplankton which has a volume simil ar to that of the pellets (105 µm3). Pellet production rates of juveniles, being generally in the range of 80 to 120 pellets produced • copepod-1 • 24 h-1, change little with increasing body weight....

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An Equatorial Transect Of The Indian Ocean, Charles Curtis Eriksen Jan 1979

An Equatorial Transect Of The Indian Ocean, Charles Curtis Eriksen

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrographic survey made from 95E to 50°30'E between 1N and 1S in December 1976- January 1977 indicates zonal pressure gradients as high as 10-4 dynes/g (pressure increasing to the east) in the near-surface. These are the strongest large-scale zonal pressure gradients measured in any equatorial ocean to date. A large volume of anomalously saline water was found along the equator east of the Maldive Islands....

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On Some Factors Influencing Dissolved Silicon Distribution Over The Northwest African Shelf, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti Jan 1979

On Some Factors Influencing Dissolved Silicon Distribution Over The Northwest African Shelf, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti

Journal of Marine Research

Nitrate concentrations in the upwelling source waters observed near Cabo Corbeiro during the JOINT-I experiment were more than twice as high as dissolved silicon concentrations, but dissolved silicon concentrations in the surface layers fell below 0.5 µg-atoms...

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Fluorescence Spectral Signatures: The Characterization Of Phytoplankton Populations By The Use Of Excitation And Emission Spectra, Charles S. Yentsch, Clarice M. Yentsch Jan 1979

Fluorescence Spectral Signatures: The Characterization Of Phytoplankton Populations By The Use Of Excitation And Emission Spectra, Charles S. Yentsch, Clarice M. Yentsch

Journal of Marine Research

The early trichromatic method of chlorophyll analysis featured the possibility of distinguishing abundance of chloroplastic pigments specific to phyla of algae in the population. The method was not successful however, because in natural populations there are major interferences due to pigments or their degradation products....

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Energetics Of The Kuroshio South Of Japan, David Szabo, Georges L. Weatherly Jan 1979

Energetics Of The Kuroshio South Of Japan, David Szabo, Georges L. Weatherly

Journal of Marine Research

Historical GEK data are used to estimate the flow of energy from the mean current to the fluctuations for the surface of the Kuroshio in a region south of Japan. The horizontal transfer components of kinetic energy and temperature variance are calculated and are found to be similar to estimates for the Florida Current....

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