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Sediment Trap Dynamics And Calibration: A Laboratory Evaluation, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1980

Sediment Trap Dynamics And Calibration: A Laboratory Evaluation, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

The flow dynamics and particle trapping characteristics of several designs of sediment traps were investigated using dye, sea-water, and deep-sea !utite in a recirculating flume and fish tank at velocities of 0, 4, and 9 cm/sec. Particles are collected through a process of fluid exchange rather than falling freely into a trap. The efficiency of a trap is therefore a function of the residence time and circulation pattern of fluid within the trap, processes which are controlled primarily by trap geometry and secondarily by current velocity....

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Weakly Depth-Dependent Segments Of The North Atlantic Circulation, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1980

Weakly Depth-Dependent Segments Of The North Atlantic Circulation, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Time-averaged horizontal currents obtained from long-term moored instruments deployed in the western North Atlantic over the Sohm Abyssal Plain along 55W exhibit two segments of weakly depth-dependent flow: one, near 36N, predominantly westward and narrow or jet-like (~ 200 km wide or less); the second primarily eastward, located near 37.5N, about 200-300 km south of the mean position of the axis of the Gulf Stream...

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Deep And Bottom Water In The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, J. G. Harvey Jan 1980

Deep And Bottom Water In The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, J. G. Harvey

Journal of Marine Research

Historical temperature and salinity data from the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, including some 100 occupations of OWS "Charlie" between 1964 and 1973, have been examined. The spatial distribution of the value of the deep salinity maximum is consistent with the core of Iceland-Scotland overflow water passing westward through the Fracture Zone in the depth interval 2500 to 3000 m....

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A Note On Frictional Effects In Taylor's Problem, Michele M. Rienecker, Michael D. Teubner Jan 1980

A Note On Frictional Effects In Taylor's Problem, Michele M. Rienecker, Michael D. Teubner

Journal of Marine Research

Taylor's tidal problem of the reflection of a Kelvin wave in a semi-infinite rotating channel is modified here by considering the effect of the inclusion of fri ction in the analysis. Results are obtained using Galerkin and Collocation methods to satisfy the end boundary condition, and these are compared with results given by other authors for the nonfriction case.

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Anomalous Water Mass Distributions At 55w In The North Atlantic In 1977, Michael S. Mccartney, L. Valentine Worthington, Mary E. Raymer Jan 1980

Anomalous Water Mass Distributions At 55w In The North Atlantic In 1977, Michael S. Mccartney, L. Valentine Worthington, Mary E. Raymer

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrographic section made in July 1977 from the research vessel KNORR revealed a large-scale meridional distortion of the normal water mass distributions at 55W in the North Atlantic. Cells of pure Labrador Sea Water were found within both the Gulf Stream and the westward recirculation of the gyre. A large cell of Mediterranean Water was found in the Slope Water, in contact with a cell of Subarctic Intermediate Water....

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A Dynamical Interpretation Of Low Frequency Motions Near Very Rough Topography----The Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone, N. G. Hogg, W. J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1980

A Dynamical Interpretation Of Low Frequency Motions Near Very Rough Topography----The Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone, N. G. Hogg, W. J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

As a sequel to Schmitz and Hogg (1978), nine-month moored observations of current and temperature from the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone are further described, and then interpreted in terms of low frequency quasigeostrophic motions. Large vertical and horizontal changes are observed in the variance of both mean and fluctuating components. It is demonstrated that these changes could be associated with the (complex) nature of the topography....

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Radiogenic Helium In Baffin Bay Bottom Water, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke, W. C. Eismont, E. P. Jones Jan 1980

Radiogenic Helium In Baffin Bay Bottom Water, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke, W. C. Eismont, E. P. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

3He-4He ratios, dissolved He and Ne, and tritium have been measured in 87 seawater samples collected at 14 stations in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and in the sounds through which Arctic water flows into Baffin Bay….

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Rossby Wave Analysis Of The Baroclinic Potential Energy In The Upper 500 Meters Of The North Pacific, James M. Price, Lorenz Magaard Jan 1980

Rossby Wave Analysis Of The Baroclinic Potential Energy In The Upper 500 Meters Of The North Pacific, James M. Price, Lorenz Magaard

Journal of Marine Research

Time series of baroclinic potential energy in the upper 500 meters of the North Pacific (20-50N, 145E-130W) prepared by White (1977a) are analyzed by spectral and cross-spectral methods in the period range from 2 to 10 years. Maximum energy occurs in the 7 to 10 year range over the entire data field. In the 20-30N zone we find first order baroclinic Rossby waves with wave lengths of about 1000 to 3000 km to be the dominating phenomenon in the 7 to 10 year range....

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Properties For Inverse Analysis Of Sound Propagation In Simple Oceanic Waveguides, Carl Wunsch Jan 1980

Properties For Inverse Analysis Of Sound Propagation In Simple Oceanic Waveguides, Carl Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

For a source and receiver on the axis of a deep sound channel we solve the two point boundary value problem for the arriving sound pulse using the classical ray theory approximation. The procedure is a generalization of that of Munk (1974) and we emphasize the determination of parameter changes in the sound channel by inverse techniques. The 'canonical' profile of Munk is shown to give an arrival structure qualitatively different from an observed profile....

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Epipsammic Browsing And Deposit-Feeding In Mud Snails (Hydrobiidae), Glenn R. Lopez, Lars H. Kofoed Jan 1980

Epipsammic Browsing And Deposit-Feeding In Mud Snails (Hydrobiidae), Glenn R. Lopez, Lars H. Kofoed

Journal of Marine Research

A study of feeding behavior of Hydrobia ulvae Pennant, H. ventrosa Montagu, H. neglecta Muus, and Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Smith (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) on a wide size range of sediment fractions showed that these snails are capable of feeding on material adhering to sediment particles by swallowing small particles (deposit-feeding), and by browsing upon particle surfaces, which we call "epipsammic browsing"....

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Denitrification Rates In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific, L. A. Codispoti, T. T. Packard Jan 1980

Denitrification Rates In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific, L. A. Codispoti, T. T. Packard

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of microbial metabolism suggest that the denitrification rate in the oxygen deficient waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific was approximately 2.5 × 1013g N yr-1 during September 1976-May 1977. This rate may be considerably higher than the rate that existed before ~ 1972....

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An Analysis Of Factors Affecting Oxygen Depletion In The New York Bight, Paul G. Falkowski, Thomas S. Hopkins, John J. Walsh Jan 1980

An Analysis Of Factors Affecting Oxygen Depletion In The New York Bight, Paul G. Falkowski, Thomas S. Hopkins, John J. Walsh

Journal of Marine Research

Low oxygen water, of varying spatial extent, has been observed during the summer over past years in the New York Bight. In the summer of 1976 a $60 million loss of shellfish resulted from anoxia along the New Jersey coast. The development of anoxia has been attributed to increased anthropogenic carbon loading from urban areas adjacent to the Bight...

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Long-Term Water Movements In The Southern Trough Of The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, Robert R. Dickson, Paul A. Gurbutt, Kenneth J. Medler Jan 1980

Long-Term Water Movements In The Southern Trough Of The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, Robert R. Dickson, Paul A. Gurbutt, Kenneth J. Medler

Journal of Marine Research

The first long-term (250 d) current measurements from the southern trough of the CharlieGibbs Fracture Zone indicate persistent westward flow along the north wall and a steady eastward drift along the lower south wall. Net volume transport varies from westerly to easterly with a 2-3 month periodicity, but no seasonal cycle is evident. Overall, the separate westward and eastward transports are in balance....

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Anatomy Of An Oil Spill: Long-Term Effects From The Grounding Of The Barge Florida Off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, Howard L. Sanders, J. Frederick Grassle, George R. Hampson, Linda S. Morse, Susan Garner-Price, Carol C. Jones Jan 1980

Anatomy Of An Oil Spill: Long-Term Effects From The Grounding Of The Barge Florida Off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, Howard L. Sanders, J. Frederick Grassle, George R. Hampson, Linda S. Morse, Susan Garner-Price, Carol C. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

To determine carefully the effects on the marine and estuarine benthos of Number 2 fuel oil spilled by the barge FLORIDA off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, we sampled for many months along an onshore-offshore gradient of pollution, and less intensively at unoiled sites. Analyses of hydrocarbons established that pollution was greatest and most persistent in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Wild Harbor River, less severe in degree and duration at stations farthest from shore....

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Anticyclonic Eddies Generated Near The Corner Rise Seamounts, P. L. Richardson Jan 1980

Anticyclonic Eddies Generated Near The Corner Rise Seamounts, P. L. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

During 1977 two freely drifting buoys, originally in the Gulf Stream, looped over and in the lee of the Corner Rise seamounts. The trajectories suggest that by mid-August an anticyclonic eddy was generated over the seamounts, where it remained for six weeks....

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Photoinhibition Of Photosynthesis In Natural Assemblages Of Marine Phytoplankton, T. Platt, C. L. Gallegos, W. G. Harrison Jan 1980

Photoinhibition Of Photosynthesis In Natural Assemblages Of Marine Phytoplankton, T. Platt, C. L. Gallegos, W. G. Harrison

Journal of Marine Research

A new empirical equation is introduced that describes the photosynthesis by phytoplankton as a single, continuous function of available light from the initial linear response through the photoinhibited range at the highest light levels liable to be encountered under any natural conditions. The properties of the curve are derived, and a procedure is given for fitting it to the results of light-saturation experiments for phytoplankton....

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Heat Content Changes Within The Mixed Layer Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Christian Henin, Jean-René Donguy Jan 1980

Heat Content Changes Within The Mixed Layer Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Christian Henin, Jean-René Donguy

Journal of Marine Research

Under usual conditions, the Western Equatorial Pacific is characterized by a low heat content on the equator and a maximum one west of 170E. After the appearance of EI Nino, this maximum is replaced by another one located in the Central South Pacific; this feature has been observed in 1972-73 but also in 1957-58 and 1976-77. The mechanism involves probable change of the mixed layer depth.

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Vorticity Transfer By Tidal Currents Over An Irregular Topography, J. T.F. Zimmerman Jan 1980

Vorticity Transfer By Tidal Currents Over An Irregular Topography, J. T.F. Zimmerman

Journal of Marine Research

Production of topographic vorticity by vortex stretching and bottom friction in circularly rotating currents in shallow tidal areas is studied as a function of topographic length scale. It is shown that vorticity is transferred from the oscillating field to the mean (residual) field and to higher harmonics (the overtides). For a given slope in the bottom topography the transfer is largest for a topographic wave length of the order of the tidal displacement amplitude....

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Hydrographic Variability In An Upwelling Area Off Northern Baja California In June 1976, Eric D. Barton, Maria Luisa Argote Jan 1980

Hydrographic Variability In An Upwelling Area Off Northern Baja California In June 1976, Eric D. Barton, Maria Luisa Argote

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic, wind and current observations were made near Punta Colonet, Baja California at the peak of the upwelling season in June 1976. The mean hydrographic fields were typical of the seasonal mean upwelling over the continental shelf and the poleward undercurrent confined to a narrow zone (<20 km) over the slope....

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Upwelling In The Humboldt Coastal Current Near Valparaiso, Chile, Donald R. Johnson, Thomas Fonseca, Helmuth Sievers Jan 1980

Upwelling In The Humboldt Coastal Current Near Valparaiso, Chile, Donald R. Johnson, Thomas Fonseca, Helmuth Sievers

Journal of Marine Research

In December, 1975, an upwelling study was conducted at Punta Curaumilla near Valparaiso, Chile. Previous work (Silva, 1973) had indicated a zone of relatively intense upwelling around this point of land. In the present study , a bathythermograph survey confirmed the presence of the intensification, identified as a tongue of cool water extending seaward and equatorward of the point. Following Arthur's (1965) scale analysis it is suggested that the acceleration of relative vorticity past the point of land is responsible for intensification....

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The Response Of A Harpacticoid Copepod Community To A Small-Scale Natural Disturbance, David Thistle Jan 1980

The Response Of A Harpacticoid Copepod Community To A Small-Scale Natural Disturbance, David Thistle

Journal of Marine Research

Evidence is accumul ating that natural disturbances can influence marine hard-bottom communities. The importance of disturbances in marine soft-bottom communities is less well known, particularly where the disturbed patch is small. In a subtidal site off the Florida panhandle (29° 54.0' N, 84° 37.8' W), enteropneusts (Ptychodera bahamensis) create numerous fecal mounds (median diameter is 5 cm) on the sediment surface....

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Relationships Between Oceanic Epizooplankton Distributions And The Seasonal Deep Chlorophyll Maximum In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Peter B. Ortner, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox Jan 1980

Relationships Between Oceanic Epizooplankton Distributions And The Seasonal Deep Chlorophyll Maximum In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Peter B. Ortner, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

The potential significance of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) as a food resource for pelagic food chains was studied in three hydrographic regimes of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean: the Slope Water, the Northern Sargasso Sea and a Gulf Stream cold core ring....

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Tritium And 3he In The Sargasso Sea, William J. Jenkins Jan 1980

Tritium And 3he In The Sargasso Sea, William J. Jenkins

Journal of Marine Research

The systematics of tritium (3H), 3He and 3H-3He dating are investigated for oceanic mixing systems responding to the North Atlantic surface water tritium transient. Although the 3H-3He age is a single valued function of the "true" mixing age, verbatim acceptance of the 3H-3He age will result in a substantial underestimate of the mixing age for systems with timescales approaching the time elapsed since the tritium transient (1964-1965) or greater....

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Interannual Variability In The Baroclinic Gyre Structure Of The Western North Pacific From 1954-1974, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma Jan 1980

Interannual Variability In The Baroclinic Gyre Structure Of The Western North Pacific From 1954-1974, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma

Journal of Marine Research

In the western North Pacific from 0-35N 130-180E, the vertical and horizontal thermal structure of the baroclinic gyre systems in the region from 0-400 m depth has been mapped on a yearly basis from 1954-1974. From this measure of the baroclinic field of mass, the dynamic height (0/400 db) has been computed for each year, yielding geostrophic current indices of the major zonal currents....

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Sediment Trap Experiments In The Deep North Atlantic: Isotopic And Elemental Fluxes, Peter G. Brewer, Yoshiyuki Nozaki, Derek W. Spencer, Alan P. Fleer Jan 1980

Sediment Trap Experiments In The Deep North Atlantic: Isotopic And Elemental Fluxes, Peter G. Brewer, Yoshiyuki Nozaki, Derek W. Spencer, Alan P. Fleer

Journal of Marine Research

We have carried out sediment trap experiments at sites in the Sargasso Sea (S2) and in the Atlantic off Barbados (E) to determine the mass flux and chemical composition of material sinking to the sea floor….

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The Influence Of Adults On The Settlement Of Spat Of The Clam, Tapes Japonica, John G. Williams Jan 1980

The Influence Of Adults On The Settlement Of Spat Of The Clam, Tapes Japonica, John G. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

Substratum abundances of adult Manila clams (Tapes japonica) were manipulated in July 1976 on a portion of a beach located in the southern region of Puget Sound, Washington. Differences in larval settlement of clam spat were measured between samples taken from substra ta having different abundances of adult clams....

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Patterns Of Resource Utilization And Coexistence In Marine Intertidal Deposit-Feeding Communities, Robert B. Whitlatch Jan 1980

Patterns Of Resource Utilization And Coexistence In Marine Intertidal Deposit-Feeding Communities, Robert B. Whitlatch

Journal of Marine Research

Patterns of foraging and distribution of 19 species of infauna! deposit-feeding annelids are described from several intertidal soft-substratum habitats. Two major feeding groups were recognized: surface and sub-surface foragers. In both feeding groups, between-habitat species richness was positively correlated with food-resource supplies in sediments....

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Bioerosion By Two Rock Boring Echinoids (Echinometra Mathaei And Echinostrephus Aciculatus) On Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, Anthony R. Russo Jan 1980

Bioerosion By Two Rock Boring Echinoids (Echinometra Mathaei And Echinostrephus Aciculatus) On Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, Anthony R. Russo

Journal of Marine Research

Bioerosion can be important to the configuration and destruction of coral reefs. Echinoids as grazers and burrowers can contribute significantly to coral reef erosion. Studies done on the turnover of gut contents of the two major burrowing echinoids on Enewetak atoll (Echinometra mathaei and Echinostrephus aciculatus) show a range of total CaCO2 erosion by both species from 80-325 g m-2 y-1....

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Critical Layers And The Garrett-Munk Spectrum, Barry Ruddick Jan 1980

Critical Layers And The Garrett-Munk Spectrum, Barry Ruddick

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of critical level absorption of oceanic internal waves by a mean flow are estimated using the Garrett and Munk (1975) model spectrum. The horizontal currents of the wave field are found to be more intense perpendicular to the mean flow than parallel to it. The cause of this anisotropy is preferential absorption of waves travelling with the mean flow. However, the current anisotropy is only half as large as would be necessary to explain Frankignoul's (1974) observations....

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In Situ Measurements Of Sea-Surface Film Potentials, P. M. Williams, E. S. Van Vleet, C. R. Booth Jan 1980

In Situ Measurements Of Sea-Surface Film Potentials, P. M. Williams, E. S. Van Vleet, C. R. Booth

Journal of Marine Research

A sensitive electrode system has been built for measuring in situ sea-surface potenti als from a mobile platform. The initial results of this study point out the patchy nature of the surface films in some "slick" areas as well as in non-"slick" regions, and illustrate the potential usefulness of this technique in measuring film formation and alteration rates.

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