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Oceanic Co2 Increase In Baffin Bay, E. P. Jones, E. M. Levy Jan 1981

Oceanic Co2 Increase In Baffin Bay, E. P. Jones, E. M. Levy

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of the total inorganic carbon in the water of Baffin Bay are interpreted to reflect increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to fossil fuel combustion. The increases are indicated by differences at various depths in the alkalinity and total inorganic carbon values after correction for calcium carbonate dissolution and decay of organic matter. These differences are comparable to the changes reported for GEOSECS Atlantic and Pacific Stations.


Sediment Destabilization By Animal Tubes, James E. Eckman, Arthur R.M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars Jan 1981

Sediment Destabilization By Animal Tubes, James E. Eckman, Arthur R.M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

Laboratory flume ex periments we re conducted in order to test the influence on sediment e rodibility of varying densities of the tube-building polychaete worm Owenia fusiformis. Experiments were performed on isolated individuals, in order to measure approximate spatial limits of isolated tube effects, and on arrays of individuals at densities reported previously to be associated with stable beds....


Nutrition And Food Limitation Of Deposit-Feeders. I. The Role Of Microbes In The Growth Of Mod Snails (Hydrobiidae), Jeffrey S. Levinton, Thomas S. Bianchi Jan 1981

Nutrition And Food Limitation Of Deposit-Feeders. I. The Role Of Microbes In The Growth Of Mod Snails (Hydrobiidae), Jeffrey S. Levinton, Thomas S. Bianchi

Journal of Marine Research

A series of laboratory microcosm experiments demonstrate that somatic growth of the deposit-feeding gastropod, Hydrobia totteni, is related strongly to microalgal standing stock. Microalgal standing stock is, in turn, determined by the relative rates of grazing and recovery....


Phytoplankton Growth In Nutrient Rich Seawater: Importance Of Copper-Manganese Cellular Interactions, William G. Sunda, Richard T. Barber, Susan A. Huntsman Jan 1981

Phytoplankton Growth In Nutrient Rich Seawater: Importance Of Copper-Manganese Cellular Interactions, William G. Sunda, Richard T. Barber, Susan A. Huntsman

Journal of Marine Research

Matrix experiments were conducted to determine the role of trace metals in limiting phytoplankton growth rate in seawater collected from the deep nitrate maximum (800 m, 25 µM nitrate) off the North Carolina coast. Additions of FeCI3, MnCI2, and chelators (EDTA and NTA) stimulated the growth of unialgal cultures of Chaetoceros socialis or of a natural phytoplankton community inoculated into this seawater....


Physical Origins Of Georges Bank Water, T. S. Hopkins, N. Garfield Iii Jan 1981

Physical Origins Of Georges Bank Water, T. S. Hopkins, N. Garfield Iii

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal behavior of the Georges Bank Water mass is described from the context of the historic National Oceanographic Data Center file (1910-1978). The Georges Bank Water is defined as the water type most commonly found in the top 40 m of water within the 65 m isobath. Plots of its distribution show it unique within the Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine region....


Nutrition And Food Limitation Of Deposit-Feeders. Ii. Differential Effects Of Hydrobia Totteni And Ilyanassa Obsoleta On The Microbial Community, Thomas S. Bianchi, Jeffrey S. Levinton Jan 1981

Nutrition And Food Limitation Of Deposit-Feeders. Ii. Differential Effects Of Hydrobia Totteni And Ilyanassa Obsoleta On The Microbial Community, Thomas S. Bianchi, Jeffrey S. Levinton

Journal of Marine Research

We examined the effects of the mud snails Hydrobia totteni and Ilyanassa obsoleta on microbial communities of sediments in microcosms. Varying density of Hydrobia, and the presence of Ilyanassa, exerted no effect on steady state bacterial standing stock. This is probably related to the rapid recovery rate of bacteria, despite efficient grazing....


Simulation Of A Storm Event In Marine Microcosms, Candance A. Oviatt, Carlton D. Hunt, Gabriel A. Vargo, Kevin W. Kopchynski Jan 1981

Simulation Of A Storm Event In Marine Microcosms, Candance A. Oviatt, Carlton D. Hunt, Gabriel A. Vargo, Kevin W. Kopchynski

Journal of Marine Research

A storm of moderate intensity and lasting for 14 hours was simulated in three of the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory (MERL) microcosms by increasing the intensity of microcosm mixing. The simulation resuspended ~0.3 cm of sediment and increased suspended particulate loads by 2 orders of magnitude. Concurrently, the concentrations of metals and nutrients increased in the water column....


Forced Standing Equatorial Ocean Wave Modes, Peter R. Gent Jan 1981

Forced Standing Equatorial Ocean Wave Modes, Peter R. Gent

Journal of Marine Research

Standing equatorial wave modes are shown to be exact solutions of the forced, linear, inviscid shallow water equations when the forcing is zonally uniform and at a single frequency. If the forcing is equatorially confined in the meridional direction, then so is the directly forced response and the standing mode does not lealr. energy away from the equator....


Evidence For Wind-Forced Circulation In The Gulf Of Mexico, John Blaha, Wilton Sturges Jan 1981

Evidence For Wind-Forced Circulation In The Gulf Of Mexico, John Blaha, Wilton Sturges

Journal of Marine Research

A study is conducted into the response of sea level and dynamic height to fluctuations of alongshore wind stress and wind stress curl at periods greater than a few months per cycle….


Geomorphology And Community Composition Of Two Adjacent Reef Areas, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W. David Liddell, Sharon L. Ohlhorst Jan 1981

Geomorphology And Community Composition Of Two Adjacent Reef Areas, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W. David Liddell, Sharon L. Ohlhorst

Journal of Marine Research

The north coast of Jamaica possesses a highly variable topography which reflects tectonic displacement of Pleistocene rock units. Holocene reef development is intimately related to the underlying Pleistocene rocks and reflects such variation in basement morphology. Underwater surveys have established that two adjacent reef areas, the East and West Fore Reefs at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, exhibit contrasting bottom profiles which are due to differential offset of the underlying Pleistocene shelf carbonates....


Disturbance And Community Structure: An Experimental Study Of Bioturbation In Marine Soft-Bottom Environments, G. A. Brenchley Jan 1981

Disturbance And Community Structure: An Experimental Study Of Bioturbation In Marine Soft-Bottom Environments, G. A. Brenchley

Journal of Marine Research

Bioturbators alter the sediment surface in the following ways: by depositing sediment on the surface in the form of feces or in the process of tunnelling, and by transporting sediment about the surface while feeding or while burrowing….


Grazing By Diadema Antillarum (Philippi) And Its Effects On The Benthic Algal Community, Robert C. Carpenter Jan 1981

Grazing By Diadema Antillarum (Philippi) And Its Effects On The Benthic Algal Community, Robert C. Carpenter

Journal of Marine Research

Field observations in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Discovery Bay, Jamaica reveal that Diadema antillarum Philippi has a strong feeding preference for algal turf. Seasonally reduced abundance of this preferred food item was accompanied by the utilization of an alternate food resource (live coral) in concurrence with optimal foraging theory predictions....


The Influence Of The Mid-Atlantic Ridge Upon The Circulation And The Properties Of The Mediterranean Water Southwest Of The Azores, Terrence M. Joyce Jan 1981

The Influence Of The Mid-Atlantic Ridge Upon The Circulation And The Properties Of The Mediterranean Water Southwest Of The Azores, Terrence M. Joyce

Journal of Marine Research

The warm, salty water influenced by the Mediterranean outflow can be observed at middepth throughout the Central North Atlantic Ocean. Katz (1970) first noted that rather than a gradual salinity decrease away from the source, large changes were observable over major topographic features such as the mid-Atlantic Ridge, despite the fact that the topography presented no direct physical barrier to the core layer....


Temporal Variations In Diatom Abundance Off Southern California In Relation To Surface Temperature, Air Temperature And Sea Level, Sargun A. Tont Jan 1981

Temporal Variations In Diatom Abundance Off Southern California In Relation To Surface Temperature, Air Temperature And Sea Level, Sargun A. Tont

Journal of Marine Research

Temporal variations in diatom abundance off the southern California coast during the 1920- 1939 period can be explained by a combination of the changes in the circulation patterns of major water masses and variations associated with upwelling events. Monthly, tri-monthly, seasonal and yearly anomalies of diatom abundances have significant negative correlation with the anomalies of sea surface temperature, air temperature and sea level.


Benthic Enrichment In The Georgia Bight Related To Gulf Stream Intrusions And Estuarine Outwelling, R. B. Hanson, K. R. Tenore, S. Bishop, C. Chamberlain, M. M. Pamatmat, J. Tietjen Jan 1981

Benthic Enrichment In The Georgia Bight Related To Gulf Stream Intrusions And Estuarine Outwelling, R. B. Hanson, K. R. Tenore, S. Bishop, C. Chamberlain, M. M. Pamatmat, J. Tietjen

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution patterns of benthic biomass (microbiota, meiofauna, and macrofauna) over the expansive continental shelf of the Georgia Bight suggest nutrient inputs from intrusions of deep Gulf Stream waters at the shelf break….


Log-Normal Distributions Of Suspended Particles In The Open Ocean, Claude E. Lambert, C. Jehanno, N. Silverberg, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Chesselet Jan 1981

Log-Normal Distributions Of Suspended Particles In The Open Ocean, Claude E. Lambert, C. Jehanno, N. Silverberg, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Chesselet

Journal of Marine Research

A scanning electron microscope-electron microprobe technique was used to chemically distinguish and size particles as fine as 0.2/µm on GEOSECS suspended matter filters from the open ocean….


Carbon Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface Of The Deep-Sea: Calcium Carbonate Preservation, Steven Emerson, Michael Bender Jan 1981

Carbon Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface Of The Deep-Sea: Calcium Carbonate Preservation, Steven Emerson, Michael Bender

Journal of Marine Research

The degradation of organic m atter at the seawater-sediment interface plays an important role in the pattern of calcium carbonate preservation in the deep sea. A model developed to quantify this effect shows that the amount of calcium carbonate dissolved by metabolic CO2 at the sediment-water interface is dependent upon the rain ratio of organic carbon and calcium carbonate, and the rates of organic matter degradation and calcite dissolution....


Seasonal Variation Of Vitamin B12, B12 Analogs, And Phytoplankton In A Long Island Estuary, Stephen F. Bruno, Robert D. Staker, Linda L. Curtis Jan 1981

Seasonal Variation Of Vitamin B12, B12 Analogs, And Phytoplankton In A Long Island Estuary, Stephen F. Bruno, Robert D. Staker, Linda L. Curtis

Journal of Marine Research

Dissolved vitamin B12 concentrations in the Peconic Bay estuary, Long Island, were determined over a seasonal period by assay with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H….


Reply To 'Do Oceanic Zooplankton Aggregate At, Or Near, The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum?', P. B. Ortner, P. H. Wiebe, J. L. Cox Jan 1981

Reply To 'Do Oceanic Zooplankton Aggregate At, Or Near, The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum?', P. B. Ortner, P. H. Wiebe, J. L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

We appreciate the time and attention given our paper by Longhurst and Herman and the opportunity to reply to their critique. Unfortunately, we believe their difficulties with the presentation of our data are more subjective than substantive. In fact, we believe a careful reading of our text will show that our conclusions are suitably conservative....


Atmospheric Transport Of Organochlorines In The North Atlantic Gyre, Terry F. Bidleman, Eric J. Christensen, W. Neil Billings, Ross Leonard Jan 1981

Atmospheric Transport Of Organochlorines In The North Atlantic Gyre, Terry F. Bidleman, Eric J. Christensen, W. Neil Billings, Ross Leonard

Journal of Marine Research

Chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) circulating over the North Atlantic were measured during 1977-78 at Barbados and during the 1977 summer at the southern tip of Newfoundland. Total organochlorines were collected using a glass fiber filter backed up by a polyurethane foam trap, and were analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography on packed and glass capillary columns....


Bathypelagic Marine Snow: Deep-Sea Algal And Detrital Community, Mary Wilcox Silver, Alice L. Alldredge Jan 1981

Bathypelagic Marine Snow: Deep-Sea Algal And Detrital Community, Mary Wilcox Silver, Alice L. Alldredge

Journal of Marine Research

Using the research submersible ALVIN, we have observed and collected marine• snow (fragile macroscopic aggregates), in two basins off Southern California. Marine snow was present throughout the water column, with several layers of higher concentrations in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones. We collected the first intact specimens from the deep sea at 1000 and 1650 m depths and examined these by light and electron microscopy....


Tidal Stirring And The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Long Island And Block Island Sounds, Malcolm J. Bowman, Wayne E. Esaias, Michele B. Schnitzer Jan 1981

Tidal Stirring And The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Long Island And Block Island Sounds, Malcolm J. Bowman, Wayne E. Esaias, Michele B. Schnitzer

Journal of Marine Research

Phytoplankton distributions in Long Island and Block Island Sounds measured during a 1978 fall equinox cruise are interpreted in terms of tidal mixing variations and water column stratification. A stratification depth-scaled-by-light diagram is used to quantify the preferred physical environments of the two major morphological groups (diatoms and microflagellates). The success of the method in clearly distinguishing these physical regimes suggests its value as a useful biological growth index in estuarine systems.


Topographic Waves Along 70°W On The Continental Rise, Nelson Hogg Jan 1981

Topographic Waves Along 70°W On The Continental Rise, Nelson Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Moored observations of current and temperature at 15 sites on the Continental Rise south of Cape Cod are analyzed using the method of "empirical orthogonal functions." The first mode accounts for a majority of the observed variance for motions with periods ranging from 8.3 to 108 days....


Sediment-Mediated Interactions In A Densely Populated Infaunal Assemblage: The Effects Of The Polychaete Abarenicola Pacifica, W. Herbert Wilson Jr. Jan 1981

Sediment-Mediated Interactions In A Densely Populated Infaunal Assemblage: The Effects Of The Polychaete Abarenicola Pacifica, W. Herbert Wilson Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Experimental data were collected to assess the effect of a bioturbating species on associated tube-building species in an infauna! community. The deposit-feeding polychaete Abarenicola pacifica feeds below the sediment surface and deposits sediment on the surface in the form of castings....


Models Of The Distribution Of 210pb In A Section Across The North Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Derek W. Spencer, Michael P. Bacon, Peter G. Brewer Jan 1981

Models Of The Distribution Of 210pb In A Section Across The North Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Derek W. Spencer, Michael P. Bacon, Peter G. Brewer

Journal of Marine Research

The deficiency of 210Pb relative to 226Ra in the world's deep ocean is well documented, and the overall residence time of 210Pb bas been calculated to be about 15-100 years. It has been assumed, generally, that the removal mechanism is one of in situ adsorption on settling particles, but Bacon et al. (1976) suggested that a boundary scavenging process with diffusive and advective fluxes of 210Pb from the interior ocean may be a significant factor....


Baroclinic Transport In The Gulf Of Alaska Part I. Seasonal Variations Of The Alaska Current, Thomas C. Royer Jan 1981

Baroclinic Transport In The Gulf Of Alaska Part I. Seasonal Variations Of The Alaska Current, Thomas C. Royer

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature and salinity sections which intersect the Alaska Current are used to determine the baroclinic, geostropbic current on 21 occasions from 1975 to 1977. A sinusoidal curve-fitting technique is applied to these Alaska Current estimates and others available in the literature to statistically test the flow for an annual signal....


The Antarctic Influence On Antarctic Intermediate Water, Eugene J. Molinelli Jan 1981

The Antarctic Influence On Antarctic Intermediate Water, Eugene J. Molinelli

Journal of Marine Research

lsopycnal geostrophic flow is postulated within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The major consequence of this is that a strong source (at least 3 × 106m3sec-1) of water with Antarctic Intermediate Water densities (σ0 = 27.2 to 27.3) and cold, fresh Antarctic Zone characteristics must occur in the southeast Pacific Ocean. This is consistent with the formation of isohaline thermoclines in the Subantarctic Zone of the southeast Pacific....


Vitamin Levels In The Gulf Of Maine And Ecological Significance Of Vitamin B12 There, Dorothy G. Swift Jan 1981

Vitamin Levels In The Gulf Of Maine And Ecological Significance Of Vitamin B12 There, Dorothy G. Swift

Journal of Marine Research

Bioassays were used to determine the concentration of vitamin B12, cobamides (B12 + analogs), thiamin, and biotin in Gulf of Maine water samples from winter, the spring bloom, and summer….


Light Inhibition Of Nitrification In Sea-Surface Films, S. G. Horrigan, A. F. Carlucci, P. M. Williams Jan 1981

Light Inhibition Of Nitrification In Sea-Surface Films, S. G. Horrigan, A. F. Carlucci, P. M. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

Nitrifying bacteria (ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers) were isolated from sea-surface films collected in the Gulf of California. Laboratory studies indicate substrate oxidation by these isolates is inhibited by light. Ammonia-oxidizers showed lower nitrifying activity and a longer lag time when held in an 8-hr light:16-hr dark regime compared to those held completely in the dark, and nitrite-oxidizers showed nitrifying activity only when held in the dark. Tracer studies using 15N-ammonia corroborate that little or no nitrification occurs in the surface films of subtropical seas.


Field Assessment Of Sediment Traps, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1980

Field Assessment Of Sediment Traps, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment traps whose particle collection abilities had been calibrated in a laboratory flume at velocities of 0, 4, and 9 cm/sec were deployed in natural bodies of water to intercalibrate larger traps under current conditions ranging from tranquil to over 20 cm/sec. For cylinders, the height to width ratio is the controlling factor of the mass of sediment collected. Traps can be scaled up in size and maintain a similar (though not necessarily correct) collection rate....