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Comparative Biogeochemistry Of Water In Intertidal Onuphis (Polychaeta) And Upogebia (Crustacea) Burrows: Temporal Patterns And Causes, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Yingst, William J. Ullman Jan 1983

Comparative Biogeochemistry Of Water In Intertidal Onuphis (Polychaeta) And Upogebia (Crustacea) Burrows: Temporal Patterns And Causes, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Yingst, William J. Ullman

Journal of Marine Research

The burrows of macrobenthos represent an important class of sedimentary microenvironments which significantly influence chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of a deposit. In intertidal regions, the time-dependent changes in composition during ebb-tide of water contained in burrows is a sensitive indicator of biogenic and abiogenic chemical reactions in burrow walls and adjacent sediment. Comparison of time series water samples taken from Onuphis jenneri (polychaete) and Upogebia affinis (crustacean) burrows in the same tidal flat demonstrate substantial differences in biogeochemical microenvironments despite the spatial proximity of the two species. Both types of burrows are influenced by the same general kinds of …

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On The Variability Of The Loop Current In The Gulf Of Mexico, W. Sturges, J. C. Evans Jan 1983

On The Variability Of The Loop Current In The Gulf Of Mexico, W. Sturges, J. C. Evans

Journal of Marine Research

It is of considerable interest to know to what extent offshore currents may drive flows on the continental shelf. We have used the northernmost position of the Loop Current, from hydrographic data, to piece together a time series 13 years long. This record samples the lowest frequencies well but undersamples the amplitude of variations with periods of ∼8 months by a factor of 2. The "annual" variation of the Loop Current appears to be a relatively broad spectral peak rather than a sharp spectral line. We find as much power at periods near 30 months as at periods near a …

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Relationship Of Water Motion To The Shallow Water Distribution And Morphology Of Two Species Of Sea Urchins, Andrew L. Lissner Jan 1983

Relationship Of Water Motion To The Shallow Water Distribution And Morphology Of Two Species Of Sea Urchins, Andrew L. Lissner

Journal of Marine Research

A 13-month field and laboratory study was conducted at Santa Catalina Island, California, USA to determine some of the effects of water motion on the shallow water distribution of the sea urchin Centrostephanus coronatus Verrill. The depth distribution of another sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz), includes shallow areas of strong water motion (<2 m depth) from which C. coronatus is absent. Differences in attachment strength and morphology of the two species were investigated as possible mechanisms affecting the differences in depth distribution. Density of C. coronatus along subtidal transects generally increased with increased depth, ranging from 0 individuals at depths less than …

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The Role Of Colloid Chemistry In Providing A Source Of Iron To Phytoplankton, Mark L. Wells, Niko G. Zorkin, A. G. Lewis Jan 1983

The Role Of Colloid Chemistry In Providing A Source Of Iron To Phytoplankton, Mark L. Wells, Niko G. Zorkin, A. G. Lewis

Journal of Marine Research

Culture experiments with the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (WHOI clone 3H) demonstrate that, as an iron source, freshly prepared colloidal ferric hydroxide can produce better cell yield than the more crystalline goethite or hematite, Ageing or heating of the prepared ferric hydroxide stock causes a reduction in cell yield. This reduction appears to be related to increased thermodynamic stability of the colloid as suggested by thermogravimetric analysis and relative dissolution rates. The reduction in cell yield can be prevented by the addition of the chelating agent EDTA prior to, but not after, ageing or heating of the ferric hydroxide …

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Oceanic Property Transport, Lagrangian Particle Statistics, And Their Prediction, R. E. Davis Jan 1983

Oceanic Property Transport, Lagrangian Particle Statistics, And Their Prediction, R. E. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between the transport of scalar properties and the statistics of material particle motion is examined. It is shown that evolution of the mean concentration field is determined by the statistics of single particles while two particle statistics describe the typical dispersal of individual property clouds. It is argued that oceanic observations of quasi-Lagrangian floats provide a useful and direct description of lateral advection and eddy dispersal. A simple model for predicting statistics of particle dispersal from Eulerian statistics of velocity is advanced. This model is tested against simulations of particle motion in random two-dimensional velocity fields with prescribed …

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Vertical Motion Of The Thermocline, Nitracline And Chlorophyll Maximum Layers In Relation To Currents On The Southern California Shelf, J. J. Cullen, E. Stewart, E. Renger, R. W. Eppley, C. D. Winant Jan 1983

Vertical Motion Of The Thermocline, Nitracline And Chlorophyll Maximum Layers In Relation To Currents On The Southern California Shelf, J. J. Cullen, E. Stewart, E. Renger, R. W. Eppley, C. D. Winant

Journal of Marine Research

A continuous four-day time series of nitrate concentration, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and currents, sampled at fixed depths, revealed that distributions of temperature and nitrate could be accounted for by vertical motions in the water column associated with the semidiurnal internal tide and internal waves. A probable mixing event was observed: the transport of nitrate into the surface-layer associated with shear instabilities generated by internal waves. On temporal scales of less than a few hours, the variation of chlorophyll fluorescence could also be explained by vertical advection. However, on longer scales, swimming behavior of the phytoplankton assemblage (dominated by Ceratium spp. …

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Lagrangian Eddy Statistics From Surface Drifters In The Eastern North Atlantic, Alain Colin De Verdiere Jan 1983

Lagrangian Eddy Statistics From Surface Drifters In The Eastern North Atlantic, Alain Colin De Verdiere

Journal of Marine Research

In 1976–1977, 16 surface drifters were seeded regularly in an area about 100 km in diameter, providing a good opportunity to study diffusion induced by the mesoscale eddies present in this part of the eastern North Atlantic. It is found herein that Taylor's formula relating the diffusivity (rate of dispersion) of marked fluid parcels to the integral of the Lagrangian correlation function is accurate up to 30 days. The diffusivity, initially zero, reaches a plateau after about 10 days. The diffusivities associated with the time scale of the energy containing eddies (30 days) are 2.3 107 cm2/s …

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Regulation Of Phytoplankton Communities By Physical Processes In Upwelling Ecosystems, Walker O. Smith, George W. Heburn, Richard T. Barber, James J. O'Brien Jan 1983

Regulation Of Phytoplankton Communities By Physical Processes In Upwelling Ecosystems, Walker O. Smith, George W. Heburn, Richard T. Barber, James J. O'Brien

Journal of Marine Research

Sinking rates of particles were superimposed on the x-z-t current field observed at 15S off the coast of San Juan, Peru in March–May, 1977 to calculate particle trajectories in the upwelling circulation. Vertical velocities were calculated by a modified variational objective analysis technique using the measured onshore and longshore currents in conjunction with the physical constraint of mass continuity. The calculated vertical flow showed considerable temporal and spatial variability, with the mean vertical transport varying by two orders of magnitude over the 16 km wide continental shelf. Changes in direction occurred rapidly (within 24 h) as has been observed for …

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Equatorial Ocean Response To Growing And Moving Wind Systems With Application To The Atlantic, R. H. Weisberg, T. Y. Tang Jan 1983

Equatorial Ocean Response To Growing And Moving Wind Systems With Application To The Atlantic, R. H. Weisberg, T. Y. Tang

Journal of Marine Research

Investigation is made into the response of an equatorial ocean to growing and moving zonal wind systems as motivated by observations of maximum upwelling central to the equatorial Atlantic basin and westward progressing thermal and momentum signatures near the surface. Analytical solutions to the linear, reduced gravity, equatorial β-plane equations of motion subject to a long wave approximation are given for three easterly forcing functions: 1) linearly expanding fetch with constant stress, 2) linearly expanding fetch and stress, and 3) constant fetch and stress, translating westward. The results, as they may relate to the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, are discussed.

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Enhanced Growth Of A Filter-Feeding Bivalve By A Deposit-Feeding Polychaete By Means Of Nutrient Regeneration, James R. Weinberg, Robert B. Whitlatch Jan 1983

Enhanced Growth Of A Filter-Feeding Bivalve By A Deposit-Feeding Polychaete By Means Of Nutrient Regeneration, James R. Weinberg, Robert B. Whitlatch

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment reworking and tube irrigation by the deposit-feeding polychaete, Clymenella torquata, reduced the quantity of particulate organic matter (POM) at the sediment-water interface and increased concentrations of dissolved nutrients (nitrite, ammonia, silicate, phosphate) in the water overlying laboratory microcosms. To determine the effect of these changes on growth of the filter-feeding bivalve, Gemma gemma, clams of the same initial size were grown under different laboratory conditions, representing all combinations of the following three treatments: (a) presence or absence of light, (b) presence or absence of C. torquata, and (c) proximity to C. torquata (clams living in sediment with worms or …

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A Subsurface Particle Maximum Layer And Enhanced Microbial Activity In The Secondary Nitrite Maximum Of The Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, P. C. Garfield, T. T. Packard, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti Jan 1983

A Subsurface Particle Maximum Layer And Enhanced Microbial Activity In The Secondary Nitrite Maximum Of The Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, P. C. Garfield, T. T. Packard, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti

Journal of Marine Research

Profiles of light transmission, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nutrients, electron transport system (ETS) activity, temperature and salinity were made in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. A particle maximum at 150–300 m within the oxygen minimum and secondary nitrite maximum was associated with the salinity maximum of Subtropical Subsurface Water. A subsurface maximum in ETS activity was also found to be associated with the secondary nitrite maximum and the particle maximum. Persistence of these features at a constant depth and their location within a minimum in vertical static stability suggest an advective and/or in situ origin for the particles and an in …

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Equatorial Current Measurements, I. Moored Observations, James R. Luyten Jan 1982

Equatorial Current Measurements, I. Moored Observations, James R. Luyten

Journal of Marine Research

The low frequency fluctuations in the western Indian Ocean are dominated by energetic variability with relatively small horizontal and vertical scales. The time series of horizontal current and temperature exhibit a number of energetic events which, for the most part, are not sufficiently resolved to assign a spatial scale to the underlying process....

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On The Movements Of Deep Mesoscale Eddies In The North Atlantic, Doron Nof Jan 1982

On The Movements Of Deep Mesoscale Eddies In The North Atlantic, Doron Nof

Journal of Marine Research

A simplified three layer model is considered in order to examine the movements of deep mesoscale eddies such as the isolated Mediterranean eddies observed off the Bahamas. These anticyclonic eddies are found in the permanent thermocline more than 6000 km away from their parent water mass and are characterized by a lens-like cross section....

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Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Monsoonal Upwelling Along Arabia: A Modem Analogue For The Interpretation Of Quaternary Sst Anomalies, Warren L. Prell Jan 1982

Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Monsoonal Upwelling Along Arabia: A Modem Analogue For The Interpretation Of Quaternary Sst Anomalies, Warren L. Prell

Journal of Marine Research

Several lines of evidence suggest that monsoonal circulation and its associated upwelling in the Arabian Sea have experienced significant fluctuations during the past 105 years. To construct an analogue model to interpret such changes, we have used the monthly average sea-surface temperature (SST) data from Hastenrath and Lamb (1979) to define the temporal and spatial pattern of upwelling along Arabia....

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Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part I: Variation Of The Hydrophobic Part Of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter Jan 1982

Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part I: Variation Of The Hydrophobic Part Of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter

Journal of Marine Research

Plunger generated 1.0, 1.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.5 Hz waves have been used to investigate the direct wave damping effect of carboxylic acid ester surface films….

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A Comparison Of Moored And Free-Drifting Sediment Traps Of Two Different Designs, Nick Staresinic, Klaus Von Bröckel, Nenad Smodlaka, C. Hovey Clifford Jan 1982

A Comparison Of Moored And Free-Drifting Sediment Traps Of Two Different Designs, Nick Staresinic, Klaus Von Bröckel, Nenad Smodlaka, C. Hovey Clifford

Journal of Marine Research

The Kiel conical sediment trap and a 3:1 right cylinder were simultaneously deployed in both free-drifting and moored modes on four separate occasions over the Peruvian shelf in order to compare downward flux measurements derived from each….

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On Forced Coastal Trapped Waves At Low Latitudes In A Stratified Ocean, R. D. Romea, J. S. Allen Jan 1982

On Forced Coastal Trapped Waves At Low Latitudes In A Stratified Ocean, R. D. Romea, J. S. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

The response on the continental shelf and slope of a baroclinic ocean to driving by an alongshore wind stress at the coast…

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Perspectives Of Research On Detritus: Do Factors Controlling The Availability Of Detritus To Macroconsumers Depend On Its Source?, K. R. Tenore, L. Cammen, S. E.G. Findlay, N. Phillips Jan 1982

Perspectives Of Research On Detritus: Do Factors Controlling The Availability Of Detritus To Macroconsumers Depend On Its Source?, K. R. Tenore, L. Cammen, S. E.G. Findlay, N. Phillips

Journal of Marine Research

Various factors have been suggested as regulating the availability of detritus to detritivores, e.g., particle-size and microbial dynamics, nutritional composition of detritus per se, and chemical inhibitors/ enhancers. These factors might vary in importance depending on detritus source: fecal pellets, vascular plants, or seaweed-derived detritus. We review the literature to evaluate the above factors and suggest that future research on detritus should consider regulatory mechanisms which depend on detritus type.

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Daily Patterns Of Fluorescence In Vivo In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Patrick J. Setser, Norman L. Guinasso Jr., David R. Schink Jan 1982

Daily Patterns Of Fluorescence In Vivo In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Patrick J. Setser, Norman L. Guinasso Jr., David R. Schink

Journal of Marine Research

A daily cycle of fluorescence in vivo was strikingly apparent in surface waters of the central equatorial Pacific between latitudes 4N and 10S, but not in waters to the north or south of this zone. These changes in fluorescence did not represent changes in chlorophyll-a concentration, but rather a photoinhibition of fluorescence by ambient light. Higher nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations were found in the region where cycling occurred....

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Primary Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Marine Snow In Surface Waters Of The Southern California Bight, Alice L. Alldredge, James L. Cox Jan 1982

Primary Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Marine Snow In Surface Waters Of The Southern California Bight, Alice L. Alldredge, James L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

The primary productivity of flocculent marine snow (fragile and amorphous macroscopic particulates) was measured for the first time using samples collected quantitatively in surface waters of the Southern California Bight….

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On The Interaction Between Surface Waves And Undulations On The Seabed, A. G. Davies Jan 1982

On The Interaction Between Surface Waves And Undulations On The Seabed, A. G. Davies

Journal of Marine Research

When surface water waves propagate over undulating seabed topography, the resulting interaction creates a near-bed velocity field which has important implications for sediment transport. Linear perturbation theory is used here to examine this interaction for the case of two-dimensional oscillatory uniplanar nonseparating flow, in which the surface wave crests are parallel to the crests of the bottom undulations....

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Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Tracers In The Deep Pacific Ocean Ii. Radiocarbon And The Circulation, Manuel E. Fiadeiro Jan 1982

Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Tracers In The Deep Pacific Ocean Ii. Radiocarbon And The Circulation, Manuel E. Fiadeiro

Journal of Marine Research

The radiocarbon data from the GEOSECS Pacific expedition was used to test the abyssal circulation model presented in part I of this series. The results show that a uniform increase of the upwelling rate from the bottom to the top of the model cannot explain the qualitative features of the radiocarbon distribution....

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The Effects Of Bioturbation On The Initiation Of Motion Of Intertidal Sands, W. D. Grant, L. F. Boyer, L. P. Sanford Jan 1982

The Effects Of Bioturbation On The Initiation Of Motion Of Intertidal Sands, W. D. Grant, L. F. Boyer, L. P. Sanford

Journal of Marine Research

The results of laboratory flume experiments on initiation of sediment motion in natural marine sediments (fine sand) are reported. Sediment cores were taken from an intertidal region during all seasons of the year over a four-year period….

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Depositional Patterns Of Modem Orinoco/Amazon Muds On The Northern Venezuelan Shelf, John D. Milliman, Jorge Butenko, Jean Paul Barbot, Jan Hedberg Jan 1982

Depositional Patterns Of Modem Orinoco/Amazon Muds On The Northern Venezuelan Shelf, John D. Milliman, Jorge Butenko, Jean Paul Barbot, Jan Hedberg

Journal of Marine Research

Modern muds derived from the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers are gradually covering early Holocene (shallow-water) reefs and sands on the continental shelf and upper slope north of the Paria peninsula. Throughout much of the area the muds are more or less continuous and locally as thick as 20 m....

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Spacial Distributions Of Major Phytoplankton Community Components In Narragansett Bay At The Peak Of The Winter-Spring Bloom, Franklin H. Farmer, Gabriel A. Vargo, Clarence A. Brown Jr., Olin Jarrett Jr. Jan 1982

Spacial Distributions Of Major Phytoplankton Community Components In Narragansett Bay At The Peak Of The Winter-Spring Bloom, Franklin H. Farmer, Gabriel A. Vargo, Clarence A. Brown Jr., Olin Jarrett Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in western Narragansett Bay at the height of the 1978 winter-spring bloom was characterized using data from an airborne fluorosensor to extend in situ point measurements of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton population composition to linear or area coverage....

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Sediment Disturbance And The Spatial Distributions Of Shallow Water Meiobenthic Nematodes On The Open Oregon Coast, E. W. Hogue Jan 1982

Sediment Disturbance And The Spatial Distributions Of Shallow Water Meiobenthic Nematodes On The Open Oregon Coast, E. W. Hogue

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between spatial distributions of meiobenthic nematodes and wave generated sediment disturbance was investigated within a 3.3 km2 area on the central Oregon coast. Six stations between 18 and 32 m depth were sampled during the summer of 1979. Two distinct fauna! groups were associated with different water depths....

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An Analysis Of The Production-Regeneration System In The Coastal Upwelling Area Off N.W. Africa Based On Oxygen, Nitrate And Ammonium Distributions, H. J. Minas, T. T. Packard, M. Minas, B. Coste Jan 1982

An Analysis Of The Production-Regeneration System In The Coastal Upwelling Area Off N.W. Africa Based On Oxygen, Nitrate And Ammonium Distributions, H. J. Minas, T. T. Packard, M. Minas, B. Coste

Journal of Marine Research

Using the hydrographic and nutrient data from the R/V Jean Charcot CINECA-V cruise and Broenkow's (1965) mixing model, we have calculated the biologically induced changes in the oxygen, nitrate and ammonium distribution patterns of the upwelling system off Cape Blanc, N .W. Africa....

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Effect Of Pressure On The Partial Equivalent Volume Of Salts In Seawater, Alvin Bradshaw, Karl E. Schleicher Jan 1982

Effect Of Pressure On The Partial Equivalent Volume Of Salts In Seawater, Alvin Bradshaw, Karl E. Schleicher

Journal of Marine Research

The effect of pressure on the partial equivalent volumes of salts of the major ions in 35%, seawater at 10 and 25°C was determined for applied pressures of 400 and 1000 bars from measurements of the change in solution compression with salt concentration....

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A Theory Of The Wind-Driven Circulation Ii. Gyres With Western Boundary Layers, William R. Young, Peter B. Rhines Jan 1982

A Theory Of The Wind-Driven Circulation Ii. Gyres With Western Boundary Layers, William R. Young, Peter B. Rhines

Journal of Marine Research

The quasigeostrophic, wind-driven circulation theory given by Rhines and Young (1982b) is extended in two directions. First, we consider forcing patterns which are not contrived so as to close without a western boundary layer. The resulting barotropic circulation pattern (see Fig. 1) has the well known east-west asymmetry produced by the β-effect....

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An Evaluation Of Nutrient Sources To Onslow Bay, North Carolina, Larry P. Atkinson, Leonard J. Pietrafesa, Eileen E.G. Hofmann Jan 1982

An Evaluation Of Nutrient Sources To Onslow Bay, North Carolina, Larry P. Atkinson, Leonard J. Pietrafesa, Eileen E.G. Hofmann

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic and current meter data from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, were examined to determine the relative importance of various nutrient sources….

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