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Interaction Of A Copepod Population With The Mean Circulation On Georges Bank, Cabell S. Davis Jan 1984

Interaction Of A Copepod Population With The Mean Circulation On Georges Bank, Cabell S. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

The population structure of the copepod, Pseudocalanus sp., on Georges Bank in February 1975 had distinct shifts from younger to older developmental stages in a clockwise pattern around the bank. It is hypothesized that this spatial pattern resulted from the interaction of copepod population dynamics and the mean circulation of sea water around Georges Bank. To test this idea, a combined physical/biological model is developed which simulates copepod population dynamics at each of a series of fixed spatial points around a hypothetical gyre. This simple physical scheme incorporates both advection and diffusion of copepods around the gyre. Rates of advection …

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Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part Ii: Variation Of The Hydrophilic Part Of The Film Molecules Including Natural Substances, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter Jan 1984

Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part Ii: Variation Of The Hydrophilic Part Of The Film Molecules Including Natural Substances, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter

Journal of Marine Research

The direct wave attenuation influence of surface active compounds on plunger-generated water waves (1.0, 1.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.5 Hz) was investigated in the Hamburg wind-wave tunnel by systematic variation of the hydrophilic group. Long-chain alcohols, acids, and amines exhibit a considerable wave damping effect. An additional wave energy dissipation term is active in the presence of carboxylic acid ester (E/Z-isomerization). It is concluded from the experimental results that hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic alkyl chains and the adjacent water layer play a dominant role by inducing “ice-like clathrate structures.” Some hydrophilic groups (mono- and di-oxyethylenated alcohols) may also …

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Tidal Period Upwelling Within Raine Island Entrance Great Barrier Reef, Richard E. Thomson, Eric J. Wolanski Jan 1984

Tidal Period Upwelling Within Raine Island Entrance Great Barrier Reef, Richard E. Thomson, Eric J. Wolanski

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature and current measurements collected from November 1981 to May 1982 at the head of Raine Island Entrance reveal tidally-induced upwelling of cold continental slope water onto the continental shelf. Daily tidal motions account for approximately 80% of the total cross-shelf eddy heat flux of 0.79 ± 1.01 cal cm−2 s−1. Although temperature and current fluctuations are principally of semidiurnal period, the heat flux is principally at diurnal period. Based on empirical nutrient-temperature relations we estimate the onshore inorganic nutrient fluxes to be 0.9 (±1.2) × 10−2 mmol m−2 s−1 for nitrate, 0.6 (±0.8) …

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The Life Of A Thermohaline Intrusion, Barry Ruddick Jan 1984

The Life Of A Thermohaline Intrusion, Barry Ruddick

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of salt finger and diffusive interface transports on the thermohaline properties of an oceanic intrusion are modelled by considering the time evolution of a well-mixed layer with a single diffusive interface below it and a single finger interface above. Both cause the T-S anomaly to decrease. At short times, the diffusive interface buoyancy flux dominates, and can cause the central layer to overturn the finger interface. Initial conditions are deduced for which the central layer must lose its S contrast while remaining intermediate in density between the top and bottom layers. Under these conditions, the diffusive interface buoyancy …

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Zooplankton Abundance In Relation To State And Type Of Intrusions Onto The Southeastern United States Shelf During Summer, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer, Bryan T. Wester, William D. Nicholas Jan 1984

Zooplankton Abundance In Relation To State And Type Of Intrusions Onto The Southeastern United States Shelf During Summer, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer, Bryan T. Wester, William D. Nicholas

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distribution of zooplankton on the continental shelf of northeastern Florida was determined in and around upwelling events and related to concentrations of particulate matter. Doliolida and the cladoceran Penilia avirostris were significantly more abundant in upwelled water <22°C and the cyclopoid genus Oncaea more abundant at warmer temperatures. The abundance of doliolida, Oithona and Oncaea in intrusions and the thermocline was significantly higher in older than in recently upwelled waters. The vertical sequences of the abundance of zooplankton and particulate matter (2-114 μm ESD) were identical. Zooplankton maxima co-occurred primarily with maxima in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and only partly with …

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On The Equivalence Of Nonlocal And Radial-Diffusion Models For Porewater Irrigation, Bernard P. Boudreau Jan 1984

On The Equivalence Of Nonlocal And Radial-Diffusion Models For Porewater Irrigation, Bernard P. Boudreau

Journal of Marine Research

Aller (1977, 1978, 1980) and Aller and Yingst (1978) have demonstrated that the presence of well-irrigated worm-tubes and other animal burrows in sediments can significantly alter the rate of exchange of solutes between porewater and the overlying waters. Specifically, the burrows modify the geometry of the porewater system such that solutes can diffuse toward or away from either the sediment-water interface or the burrow. The burrow constitutes an additional boundary source or sink...

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Vertical Flux Of Fatty Acids In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hein J. W. De Baar, John W. Farrington, Stuart G. Wakeham Jan 1983

Vertical Flux Of Fatty Acids In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hein J. W. De Baar, John W. Farrington, Stuart G. Wakeham

Journal of Marine Research

The quantitative and qualitative composition of fatty acids in particulate material collected in traps deployed during 98 days at 389, 988, 3755 and 5068 m depths in the equatorial North Atlantic was determined. The fatty acid composition indicates a predominantly marine source (14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 20:5, 20:4, 22:6, 22:5) with possibly a minor terrigenous component in the bathypelagic traps. The vertical fluxes of fatty acids and lipids decrease rapidly with depth. The rate of net loss of carboxylic acids increases with number of double bonds and decreases with number of carbon atoms. Iso- and anteiso- as well as …

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Toxic Binding Of Cupric Ion By Marine Phytoplankton, Jerome Gavis Jan 1983

Toxic Binding Of Cupric Ion By Marine Phytoplankton, Jerome Gavis

Journal of Marine Research

The data presented by Gavis et al. (1981, J. Mar. Res., 39, 315–333) for the specific growth rate of phytoplankton in nutrient replete medium as a function of cupric ion activity can be described quantitatively by equations that relate the equilibrium binding of cupric ions to a cell receptor site. Statistically significant conditional binding constants could be estimated from the data for at least eight clones among three species. One clone could bind only one cupric ion per site. The others could bind a maximum of two cupric ions per site. For one of these clones K1 > K2 …

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Westward Propagation Of Short-Term Climatic Anomalies In The Western North Pacific Ocean From 1964-1974, Warren B. White Jan 1983

Westward Propagation Of Short-Term Climatic Anomalies In The Western North Pacific Ocean From 1964-1974, Warren B. White

Journal of Marine Research

Short-term climatic anomalies in the surface dynamic height (O/400 db) structure of the western North Pacific from 1964-1974 are investigated on a seasonal basis for propagational character. From the equator to 32.5N, negative dynamic height anomalies occurred in 1965, 1969 and 1972, approximately every three years, associated with E1 Nino events in the eastern tropical Pacific (Wyrtki, 1977). The decorrelation time scale of these short-term climatic anomalies was independent of latitude (i.e., 6-9 months), but the decorrelation longitude scale decreased poleward; i.e., from 10° longitude at 7.5N to 5° longitude at 32.5N. Time/longitude correlation studies find these anomalies to have …

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Tidally Generated High-Frequency Internal Wave Packets And Their Effects On Plankton In Massachussetts Bay, Loren R. Haury, Peter H. Wiebe, Marshall O. Orr, Melbourne G. Briscoe Jan 1983

Tidally Generated High-Frequency Internal Wave Packets And Their Effects On Plankton In Massachussetts Bay, Loren R. Haury, Peter H. Wiebe, Marshall O. Orr, Melbourne G. Briscoe

Journal of Marine Research

Tidally generated internal wave packets occur twice a day during late summer in Massachusetts Bay, U.S.A. The packets are formed at Stellwagen Bank and propagate into the Bay at about 60 cm sec—1; they dissipate in shallow water at the western side of the Bay. The dominant waves in packets have lengths of about 300 m, periods of between 8 and 10 min, and amplitudes of up to 30 m. Overturning of the waves has been observed acoustically over Stellwagen Bank, in the deep (80 m) waters in the center of the Bay, and during dissipation in shallow …

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Quasi-Lagrangian Structure And Variability Of The Subtropical Western North Atlantic Circulation, Stephen C. Riser, H. Thomas Rossby Jan 1983

Quasi-Lagrangian Structure And Variability Of The Subtropical Western North Atlantic Circulation, Stephen C. Riser, H. Thomas Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

A large body of quasi-Lagrangian trajectory (SOFAR float) data collected from 1976-1979 from 700 m and 2000 m in the western North Atlantic is examined, and it is shown that the character of the trajectories varies markedly over regions as small as a few degrees of latitude and longitude. Kinetic energy increases to the north and west in the basin at both levels. At 700 m a large northwest energy gradient is present between 30N and 31N at 70W. At 2000 m kinetic energy increases to the north and west with the largest gradients very near to the Blake Escarpment …

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Control Of Seagrass Communities And Sediment Distribution By Callianassa (Crustacea, Thalassinidea) Bioturbation, Thomas H. Suchanek Jan 1983

Control Of Seagrass Communities And Sediment Distribution By Callianassa (Crustacea, Thalassinidea) Bioturbation, Thomas H. Suchanek

Journal of Marine Research

Shallow tropical lagoons at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands were found to have high densities of the ghost shrimp Callianassa spp. The ecology of four species of Callianassa is discussed: C. acanthochirus, C. longiventris, C. rathbunae and C. quadracuta. The first two species capture and store in their burrows drifting detritus of seagrass and algae. The latter two species build volcano-shaped mounds of ejected sediment during feeding and burrowing. Massive quantities of sediment (up to 2.59 kg/m2/day) are funneled into subsurface galleries, gleaned for organic material and sorted. Fine grains (< 1.4 mm diam.) are then pumped back up to the surface forming mounds. Coarse-grained material (≥ 1.4 mm) such as shell debris and coral fragments are not pumped back to the surface, but are stored in many deep chambers which extend > 1.5 m below the sediment surface. In cross-section, cores …

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Observations On The Degradation Of Biogenic Material In The Deep Ocean With Implications On Accuracy Of Sediment Trap Fluxes, Wilford D. Gardner, Kenneth R. Hinga, John Marra Jan 1983

Observations On The Degradation Of Biogenic Material In The Deep Ocean With Implications On Accuracy Of Sediment Trap Fluxes, Wilford D. Gardner, Kenneth R. Hinga, John Marra

Journal of Marine Research

The results of several observations and experiments indicate that the decay of organic material inside and outside of sediment traps in the deep ocean is on the order of 0.1-1.0% day−. These results must be considered when using sediment traps to determine the flux of organic material through the water column. The effectiveness of poisons in traps has not been adequately determined since the concentration of poisons in traps has not been monitored. Even traps containing poison may lose organic matter through leaching or from rapid grazing. A model is presented to quantify the loss of organic carbon …

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The Importance Of The Diffusive Permeability Of Animal Burrow Linings In Determining Marine Sediment Chemistry, Robert C. Aller Jan 1983

The Importance Of The Diffusive Permeability Of Animal Burrow Linings In Determining Marine Sediment Chemistry, Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

Many of the abundant burrows formed by animals in marine sediments are lined with thin layers of organic material. The permeability of these linings to solute diffusion can be an important determinant of the chemical composition of surrounding sediment and the burrow habitat. Measurement of the diffusive permeability of burrow linings from 8 species of marine invertebrates indicates that the diffusion coefficients of small inorganic solutes within linings are ∼ 10-40% that in free solution. The diffusion of anions, represented by Br−, is hindered somewhat relative to cations, represented by NH4+, indicating that linings have …

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Why Is There No Deep Water Formed In The North Pacific?, Bruce A. Warren Jan 1983

Why Is There No Deep Water Formed In The North Pacific?, Bruce A. Warren

Journal of Marine Research

According to climatological data, the low salinity of near-surface water in the northern North Pacific, which reduces its density so much as to prevent sinking to great depth there, is due to the small regional evaporation rate (which allows a substantial net freshwater input to the surface layer from precipitation and runoff), in combination with the small rate of flow through the surface layer (which amplifies the effect of the freshwater flux on the salinity). The low evaporation rate is due in turn to the relatively low surface temperature (decreasing the specific humidity of the air at the air-sea interface), …

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Synoptic Estimates Of Air-Sea Fluxes, Richard F. Marsden, Stephen Pond Jan 1983

Synoptic Estimates Of Air-Sea Fluxes, Richard F. Marsden, Stephen Pond

Journal of Marine Research

Synoptic and climatological dynamic studies generally rely on bulk aerodynamic flux formulae to describe air-sea heat and momentum exchange on synoptic and climatological scales. Barometric pressure maps (which involve an intrinsic spatial and temporal averaging of the wind) and wind roses provide two sources of spatial and temporal wind information for flux calculations. Several investigators have shown that time-averaged estimates of the fluxes based on vector-averaged winds systematically underestimate the actual time-averaged fluxes.Using surface meteorological observations from 9 weatherstations in the North Atlantic Ocean and 2 weatherstations in the North Pacific Ocean, the three hourly stresses, latent heat fluxes and …

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On The Migration Of Isolated Eddies With Application To Gulf Stream Rings, Doron Nof Jan 1983

On The Migration Of Isolated Eddies With Application To Gulf Stream Rings, Doron Nof

Journal of Marine Research

An analytical model describing the β-induced drift of isolated nonlinear eddies such as the cold- and warm-core rings observed in the Atlantic Ocean is proposed. The ocean is approximated by two layers and attention is focused on frictionless upper ocean eddies whose surface area is finite. These isolated eddies are nonlinear in the sense that (a) the corresponding Rossby number is relatively large and (b) the interface vertical displacements ("amplitudes") are comparable to the upper layer undisturbed depth. Solutions for steadily translating eddies which carry their entire mass as they move are sought. Examination of the problem in a …

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Exploratory Observations Of Abyssal Currents In The South Atlantic Near Vema Channel, William J. Schmitz Jr., Nelson G. Hogg Jan 1983

Exploratory Observations Of Abyssal Currents In The South Atlantic Near Vema Channel, William J. Schmitz Jr., Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Vema Channel (nominal location 30S, 40W) is a major passage for the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water on its way northward from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin. New data based on approximately year-long current meter deployments at abyssal depths yield mean or time-averaged kinetic energies as strong as 240 cm2s−2, and eddy kinetic energies from 8 to 40 cm2s−2. We observe a persistent northward flow of AABW with maximum speed near 40 cm s−1, as is found at abyssal depths in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream. The …

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Modelling The Advection Of Vertically Migrating Shrimp Larvae, Peter C. Rothlisberg, John A. Church, Andrew M. G. Forbes Jan 1983

Modelling The Advection Of Vertically Migrating Shrimp Larvae, Peter C. Rothlisberg, John A. Church, Andrew M. G. Forbes

Journal of Marine Research

The role of larval advection in determining the complex, large-scale patterns of immigration of penaeid postlarvae in the Gulf of Carpentaria is investigated by modelling the interaction between diurnal vertical migration of larvae with wind-forced and tidal currents. Eight vertical migration schemes are modelled in which both the timing of the migration and the position of the larvae in the water column are varied. These schemes are then coupled with both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the currents of the Gulf, to examine horizontal advection of larvae. When the larvae migrate vertically with a diurnal period, their horizontal advection is …

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A Dead Central American Coral Reef Tract: Possible Link With The Little Ice Age, Peter W. Glynn, Ellen M. Druffel, Robert B. Dunbar Jan 1983

A Dead Central American Coral Reef Tract: Possible Link With The Little Ice Age, Peter W. Glynn, Ellen M. Druffel, Robert B. Dunbar

Journal of Marine Research

Radiocarbon analyses, stable isotopic measurements and extensive field observations were made of coral reefs off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama. These analyses showed that live coral reefs in the Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, were severely depleted in number, size and variety of species, compared to reefs in the major upwelling zone of the Gulf of Panama. Coral growth in the Gulf of Papagayo consisted mainly of dead reefs that died from 150–300 years B.P. The δ18O records revealed that most of the dead reefs were exposed to relatively cool water immediately preceding death. We …

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Tidal Currents, Winds And The Morphology Of Phytoplankton Spatial Structures, M. Levasseur, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre Jan 1983

Tidal Currents, Winds And The Morphology Of Phytoplankton Spatial Structures, M. Levasseur, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre

Journal of Marine Research

Chlorophyll a, nutrients and salinity distributions were studied at two spatial scales (10 cm and 0.25 to 2.5 km) in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada), in order to investigate the role of tidal currents and winds in the formation and maintenance of spatial structures. Data were collected according to a synoptic sampling pattern using three sampling platforms simultaneously, and they were analyzed using analysis of variance. The sampling pattern was repeated on four occasions during July 1980.Analyses of variance indicated significant spatial heterogeneities of about the same magnitude at the two scales studied for chlorophyll and nutrients, whereas …

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The Relative Magnitude Of Biological And Physical Sediment Reworking In An Intertidal Community, Jonathan Grant Jan 1983

The Relative Magnitude Of Biological And Physical Sediment Reworking In An Intertidal Community, Jonathan Grant

Journal of Marine Research

Tidal sediment reworking was compared to biogenic reworking by benthic-feeding fishes and macrofaunal invertebrates on an intertidal sandflat in South Carolina. Flume-determined rates of ripple migration were combined with field measurements of current velocity to characterize physical reworking. Bioturbation by dasyatid rays was measured by counting newly formed feeding excavations at low tide. On both an areal and volumetric basis, ray reworking amounted to <1% of that reworked by ripple migration. Approximately 30% of the sediment surface was covered by feeding pits during the July maximum of ray activity, with only a small proportion of these newly formed per day. Sediment ingestion by the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii, was less important than ray bioturbation in comparison to tidal sediment reworking. Sediment displacement by free-burrowing haustoriid amphipods was estimated to be important relative to other biogenic sources, but still <1% of the disturbance produced by bedform migration. However, an abundant infaunal species, the polychaete Paraonis fulgens, …

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Environmental Heterogeneity And Plankton Community Structure In The Central North Pacific, T. L. Hayward, E. L. Venrick, J. A. Mcgowan Jan 1983

Environmental Heterogeneity And Plankton Community Structure In The Central North Pacific, T. L. Hayward, E. L. Venrick, J. A. Mcgowan

Journal of Marine Research

Spatial and temporal patterns of heterogeneity in nutrients (PO4, NO3), integrated water column chlorophyll, integrated water column primary production, and macrozooplankton biomass in the central North Pacific are described on spatial scales ranging from less than one to several thousand kilometers and on temporal scales from one day to 12 years. Fluctuations in these properties represent an index of the biological response of the ecosystem to physical forcing on various scales. These patterns are an important aspect of ecosystem structure because environmental perturbations may affect the outcome of biological interactions between populations. Heterogeneity in each property …

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Upwelling Rates For The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Derived From The Bomb 14c Distribution, P. D. Quay, M. Stuiver, W. S. Broecker Jan 1983

Upwelling Rates For The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Derived From The Bomb 14c Distribution, P. D. Quay, M. Stuiver, W. S. Broecker

Journal of Marine Research

A north-south cross section of bomb-produced radiocarbon (14C) in the upper 1000 m of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (CEP) was measured in April, 1979 during Leg 3 of the NORPAX shuttle experiment. The 14C shows an equatorial mixed layer depletion of ∼40‰ compared to subtropical surface waters. Upwelling of deeper, 14C depleted water maintains this minimum. Two subsurface tongues of high 14C water, found north and south of the equator, are associated with high salinity water and probably result from exchange with subtropical surface water. The continued increase in mixed layer 14C levels …

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Effect Of Sea Ice Meltwater On The Alkalinity Of Seawater, E. P. Jones, A. R. Coote, E. M. Levy Jan 1983

Effect Of Sea Ice Meltwater On The Alkalinity Of Seawater, E. P. Jones, A. R. Coote, E. M. Levy

Journal of Marine Research

Alkalinity values in the top few hundred meters in Baffin Bay were about 100 μeq kg—1 above those expected from deeper values when the effect of salinity is removed. This “excess” alkalinity is attributed to calcium carbonate that precipitated from brines in sea ice and was subsequently reintroduced into the water column when the ice melted. The “excess” alkalinity is then used to estimate the amount of sea ice meltwater formed in Baffin Bay.

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Helium, Neon, And Tritium In The Black Sea, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke Jan 1983

Helium, Neon, And Tritium In The Black Sea, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of the 3He/4He ratio, and concentrations of helium, neon, and tritium have been made in samples collected at station 1355 in the Black Sea during the 1975 cruise of R/V Chain. Helium concentrations increase rapidly from 400 m to about 1000 m and then less rapidly below 1000 m. The maximum He concentration excess is about 16% above solubility equilibrium. Neon concentrations are constant, within a few percent of solubility equilibrium, below 400 m. The He-Ne data thus clearly indicate a large component of radiogenic 4He in the deep water from decay of U …

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Light-Shade Adaptation And Vertical Mixing Of Marine Phytoplankton: A Comparative Field Study, Paul G. Falkowski Jan 1983

Light-Shade Adaptation And Vertical Mixing Of Marine Phytoplankton: A Comparative Field Study, Paul G. Falkowski

Journal of Marine Research

The hypothesis is examined that the recent light history of phytoplankton contains information about vertical mixing processes in the euphotic zone. Chlorophyll/P700 ratios are used to estimate the degree of light or shade adaptation in natural phytoplankton communities. Along with information about the time- and light-dependent rates of change of chlorophyll/P700 ratios, a model is presented to estimate how recently populations at the surface were at the 1% light depth and vice versa. The model is based on first-order kinetics and employs a temperature correction. The model is used to estimate vertical displacement rates (i.e., piston velocities) on …

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Benthos Biomass And Oxygen Deficiency In The Upwelling System Off Peru, Rutger Rosenberg, Wolf E. Arntz, Esmeralda Chumán De Flores, Luis A. Flores, Guido Carbajal, Imme Finger, Juán Tarazona Jan 1983

Benthos Biomass And Oxygen Deficiency In The Upwelling System Off Peru, Rutger Rosenberg, Wolf E. Arntz, Esmeralda Chumán De Flores, Luis A. Flores, Guido Carbajal, Imme Finger, Juán Tarazona

Journal of Marine Research

Data are presented on macrobenthic (≥ 1 mm) biomass and species composition, sulfur bacteria (Thioploca), demersal fish catches, organic content of sediment and dissolved oxygen at 65 stations (35-360 m) along the upwelling area off north Peru in 1980-1981. Oxygen concentration close to the bottom was high only down to about 20 m depth and at 20-700 m it was generally < 0.8 ml l−1. Organic content of sediment increased significantly with water depth. Macrofauna were found at all stations with a general dominance of small polychaetes. Macrofaunal biomass showed a significant positive correlation with oxygen concentration; below 0.6 ml …

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The Effect Of Pressure On The Thermodynamic Properties Of Seawater, Frank J. Millero, Donald R. Schreiber Jan 1983

The Effect Of Pressure On The Thermodynamic Properties Of Seawater, Frank J. Millero, Donald R. Schreiber

Journal of Marine Research

For many thermodynamic calculations in oceanography it is necessary to know the effect of pressure (or depth) on various thermodynamic properties. … Recently, a new equation of state for sea-water (Millero et al., 1980; Millero and Poisson, 1981) has been adopted by the UNESCO/ICES/IAPSO joint panel on oceanographic tables and standards. By appropriate differentiation of this equation of state, it is possible to determine the pressure derivatives for the specific volume of seawater solutions. To estimate the effect of pressure on the partial molal thermochemical properties (Millero and Leung, 1976), it is necessary to know the partial molal volumes of"sea …

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On The Mean Dynamical Balances Of The Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone, James C. Mcwilliams Jan 1983

On The Mean Dynamical Balances Of The Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone, James C. Mcwilliams

Journal of Marine Research

The time mean circulation is analyzed at a site on the southern edge of the Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone (31N, 70W) from data taken in the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment. Additional mean quantities are described from a combination of dynamical assertions and inferences. The mean vorticity balance is examined to infer the mean vertical velocity and eddy relative vorticity flux divergence. The vertical velocity is found to be mostly upward and an order of magnitude larger than the downward surface Ekman pumping. In the mean heat, salt, density, and potential vorticity budgets, the mean advections of these quantities are nonzero, …

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