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Articles 1621 - 1650 of 2497

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Repeated Nutrient, Oxygen, And Density Sections Through The Loop Current, John M. Morrison, Worth D. Nowlin Jr. Jan 1977

Repeated Nutrient, Oxygen, And Density Sections Through The Loop Current, John M. Morrison, Worth D. Nowlin Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Based on observations made in May, 1972, the nutrient and dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the offshore waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico are described and related to the Loop Current and anticyclonic current rings, which are the principal circulation features of this region. The characteristic relationships of oxygen and nutrients to density parameters are presented...

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Upper Layer Hydrographic Conditions At The Yucatan Strait During May, 1972, Robert L. Molinari, Robert E. Yager Jan 1977

Upper Layer Hydrographic Conditions At The Yucatan Strait During May, 1972, Robert L. Molinari, Robert E. Yager

Journal of Marine Research

Average hydrographic conditions above 800m, including temperature, salinity, velocity, and volume transport, across the Yucatan Strait, during May, 1972, are presented. Direct current measurements at the surface are used as an absolute reference level for the geostrophic computations....

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On The Deep General Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1977

On The Deep General Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Very large (5-10 cm s-1) long-term averaged zonal flows have been observed near 4000 m depth in the vicinity of a recently hypothesized (Worthington, in press) horizontally restricted subtropical gyre in the deep western North Atlantic. The Reynolds stresses associated with low frequency fluctuations may play a significant role in the dynamics of this deep mean flow, possibly inducing a significant downstream increase in transport of the Gulf Stream, perhaps driving the deep gyre.

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Low-Frequency Current Variability And Spin-Off Eddies Along The Shelf Off Southeast Florida, Thomas N. Lee, Dennis A. Mayer Jan 1977

Low-Frequency Current Variability And Spin-Off Eddies Along The Shelf Off Southeast Florida, Thomas N. Lee, Dennis A. Mayer

Journal of Marine Research

Time series analyses of current meter records from a 6-element box array installed on the narrow shelf (<5 km) off Miami, Florida revealed two distinct current regimes. Current oscillations at the shelf break (30m isobath) appeared to be primarily produced by Florida Current spawned events, such as low frequency (periods of 2 days to 2 weeks) wave-like meanders of the Florida Current and the transient occurrence of small diameter spin-off eddies, both of which may be indirectly related to wind forcing....

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Coral Growth In Upwelling And Nonupwelling Areas Off The Pacific Coast Of Panama, Peter W. Glynn Jan 1977

Coral Growth In Upwelling And Nonupwelling Areas Off The Pacific Coast Of Panama, Peter W. Glynn

Journal of Marine Research

The mean growth rate of the dominant reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis was significantly different in upwelling (Gulf of Panama) and nonupwelling (Gulf of Chiriquí) environments on the Pacific coast of Panama. Mean annual growth was 3.1 cm/yr at Saboga Island, Gulf of Panama and 3.9 cm/yr at the Secas study site, Gulf of Chiriquí....

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Particulate Organic Matter In Surface Waters Off Southern California And Its Relationship To Phytoplankton, R. W. Eppley, W. G. Harrison, S. W. Chisholm, E. Stewart Jan 1977

Particulate Organic Matter In Surface Waters Off Southern California And Its Relationship To Phytoplankton, R. W. Eppley, W. G. Harrison, S. W. Chisholm, E. Stewart

Journal of Marine Research

Particulate carbon, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, adenosine triphosphate, particle count and particle volume were measured in the euphotic zone during six quarterly cruises (between September, 1974, and March, 1976) in the Southern California Bight. The distribution and quantitative relationships among these parameters were examined in an attempt to estimate the relative contributions of plankton to the total particulate matter....

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Tidally Induced Residual Currents In Estuaries Of Constant Breadth And Depth, John P. Ianniello Jan 1977

Tidally Induced Residual Currents In Estuaries Of Constant Breadth And Depth, John P. Ianniello

Journal of Marine Research

Two-dimensional analytic solutions are derived, as a function of depth and longitudinal distance, for the Eulerian and Lagrangian residual currents induced in narrow tidal channels of constant breadth, depth and rectangular cross-section by the nonlinear interactions of the first order tides. The turbulence is represented by several different vertically variable eddy viscosity models chosen to bracket the range of likely vertical variation....

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The Effects Of Coastal Geometry On Equatorial Waves (Forced Waves In The Gulf Of Guinea), S. G.H. Philander Jan 1977

The Effects Of Coastal Geometry On Equatorial Waves (Forced Waves In The Gulf Of Guinea), S. G.H. Philander

Journal of Marine Research

The response of a stratified, semi-infinite equatorial ocean, bounded by a zonal coast close to the equator, to forcing at a given frequency and zonal wavenumber, is considered. If the coast is distant from the equator, the vertically propagating waves that are excited could include an infinite set of inertia-gravity waves, a finite set of Rossby waves, a Rossby-gravity wave and a coastally or equatorially trapped Kelvin wave....

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Adult-Larval Interactions In Dense Infaunal Assemblages: Patterns Of Abundance, Sarah Ann Woodin Jan 1976

Adult-Larval Interactions In Dense Infaunal Assemblages: Patterns Of Abundance, Sarah Ann Woodin

Journal of Marine Research

Dense assemblages of infauna! organisms are of three types: burrowing deposit feeders, suspension feeders, and tube builders. Such assemblages are discrete, often age-class dominated, and have sharp boundaries with neighboring assemblages. The hypothesis presented is that the sharp boundaries observed among assemblage types and the maintenance of these discrete dense assemblages in infauna! systems is due to interactions among the established infaunal individuals and settling larvae....

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The Density Of Seawater Solutions At One Atmosphere As A Function Of Temperature And Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Agustin Gonzalez, Gary K. Ward Jan 1976

The Density Of Seawater Solutions At One Atmosphere As A Function Of Temperature And Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Agustin Gonzalez, Gary K. Ward

Journal of Marine Research

The relative density (d – d0) of diluted and evaporated standard seawater solutions have been determined at one atmosphere with a magnetic float densimeter and a suspension balance from 0.5 to 40‰ salinity and 0 to 40°C….

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The Seasonal Upwelling Cycle Along The Eastern Boundary Of The North Atlantic, Warren S. Wooster, Andrew Bakun, Douglas R. Mclain Jan 1976

The Seasonal Upwelling Cycle Along The Eastern Boundary Of The North Atlantic, Warren S. Wooster, Andrew Bakun, Douglas R. Mclain

Journal of Marine Research

Merchant ship observations were summarized for one-degree squares along the eastern shore of the Atlantic between 7° and 44°N; monthly averages were prepared for several properties including sea surface temperature and its difference from mid-ocean values, offshore Ekman transport, and surface current....

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Generation Of Langmuir Circulations By Surface Waves ---- A Feedback Mechanism, Christopher Garrett Jan 1976

Generation Of Langmuir Circulations By Surface Waves ---- A Feedback Mechanism, Christopher Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

Surface gravity waves propagating obliquely through a surface current pattern (U(y), V(y)) representative of Langmuir circulations exert a force on the water which tends to produce surface convergences at maxima of U(y). Moreover, the waves achieve their largest amplitude at maxima of U(y) and so are most likely to dissipate there and give up their momentum to the mean flow. A feedback mechanism thus exists...

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Munk And Riley Revisited: Nutrient Diffusion Transport And Rates Of Phytoplankton Growth, Jerome Gavis Jan 1976

Munk And Riley Revisited: Nutrient Diffusion Transport And Rates Of Phytoplankton Growth, Jerome Gavis

Journal of Marine Research

Although phytoplankton nutrient uptake rates are controlled primarily by biological properties of the organism and nutrient concentration, diffusion transport of nutrient to the organism through the medium in which the organism is immersed can influence uptake rates. The original ideas of Munk and Riley on control of nutrient uptake by diffusion transport are recast in terms of present knowledge of the interaction of diffusion transport and biological control of uptake rates....

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A New Large Volume Filtration System For The Sampling Of Oceanic Particulate Matter, J. K.B. Bishop, J. M. Edmond Jan 1976

A New Large Volume Filtration System For The Sampling Of Oceanic Particulate Matter, J. K.B. Bishop, J. M. Edmond

Journal of Marine Research

A large volume in situ filtration system has been developed for the extraction of material greater than one micron in diameter from several cubic meters of water. The system has worked reliably to 400 meters. The particulate matter concentrations determined in profile compare well with those found using conventional Niskin-Nuclepore techniques. By using 53µm Nitex and 1µm glass fiber filters in series, the samples are separated into two size fractions....

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Model Of World Ocean Circulation: Ii. Thermally Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis Jan 1976

Model Of World Ocean Circulation: Ii. Thermally Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Oceanic motions are partly driven by thermal forces associated with differential heating of the surface waters between tropical and polar regions. In this study thermal driving is parameterized in a two-layer system by an assumed upwelling of fluid through the interface. The upwelling is steady and horizontally uniform wherever upper-layer water is present. With an assumed constant depth of the interface along the eastern boundary the transports of the upper and lower layers and the interface distribution are derived for the interior ocean....

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Particulate Matter Sinking To The Deep-Sea Floor At 2000 M In The Tongue Of The Ocean, Bahamas, With A Description Of A New Sedimentation Trap, Peter H. Wiebe, Steven H. Boyd, Clifford Winget Jan 1976

Particulate Matter Sinking To The Deep-Sea Floor At 2000 M In The Tongue Of The Ocean, Bahamas, With A Description Of A New Sedimentation Trap, Peter H. Wiebe, Steven H. Boyd, Clifford Winget

Journal of Marine Research

A sedimentation trap for use just above the deep-sea floor was free-fallen to a depth of 2050 m in the Tongue of the Ocean canyon on January 3, 1974. On March 6, it was successfully recovered with the assistance of D.S.R.V. Alvin. The trap has a base 1 m square and a height of 30 cm. At the trap bottom are filters to retain falling particles. Two spring-powered sliding doors, each 1 m × 0.5 m, are used to close off the lower 2 cm of the trap during ascent to prevent disturbance of the particles collected on the filters....

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A Note On Estuarine Mean Flow Estimation, Robert H. Weisberg Jan 1976

A Note On Estuarine Mean Flow Estimation, Robert H. Weisberg

Journal of Marine Research

The sampling interval required for estuarine mean flow estimation is examined. Examples drawn from the literature show that nontidal estuarine flow is highly variable and that under common everyday conditions this variance is predominantly wind-induced. Thus, record lengths sufficiently longer than the time scale of locally energetic wind fluctuations are required. A nondimensional parameter expressing the number of tidal cycles which must be averaged over to attain a given error tolerance is offered....

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Baroclinic Rossby Waves As Inferred From Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, William J. Emery, Lorenz Magaard Jan 1976

Baroclinic Rossby Waves As Inferred From Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, William J. Emery, Lorenz Magaard

Journal of Marine Research

Monthly mean values of temperature from both hydrographic and XBT casts are used to compute isotherm displacements at weather station November (30N, 140W) and at six 2-degree squares between Hawaii and the weather station. A composite spectrum computed from all the isotherms in the six 2-degree squares shows significantly higher potential energy in the frequency range below the theoretical cut-off frequency (corresponding period about five months) for baroclinic Rossby waves....

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The Effect Of Mean Flow During An Upwelling Event On The Rays Of Internal Waves, John Kroll Jan 1976

The Effect Of Mean Flow During An Upwelling Event On The Rays Of Internal Waves, John Kroll

Journal of Marine Research

Hayes and Halpern (1976) have calculated the rays associated with internal waves in the semidiurnal frequency range. This they do to show how the change of the trajectories of these rays, due to density changes occurring during an upwelling event, can explain the decrease of semidiumal activity observed at their mooring site. Here we consider the additional effect of the mean flow generated by an upwelling event....

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The Somali Current Response To The Southwest Monsoon: The Relative Importance Of Local And Remote Forcing, David L.T. Anderson, Philip B. Rowlands Jan 1976

The Somali Current Response To The Southwest Monsoon: The Relative Importance Of Local And Remote Forcing, David L.T. Anderson, Philip B. Rowlands

Journal of Marine Research

A simple model of the Somali current is formul ated which allows both local longshore forcing and remote east-west forcing. Asymptotic solutions for the pressure perturbation and velocity fields are obtained for both cases and the sensitivity of the boundary response to changes in the shape and position of the forcing is examined. The local forcing drives a flow whose north-south velocity increases linearly with time and the remote forcing , a flow in which the north-south velocity increases quadratically....

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Possible Interactions Between Plankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides. Ii. Deep Thermoclines And Trophic Effects, Daniel Kamykowski Jan 1976

Possible Interactions Between Plankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides. Ii. Deep Thermoclines And Trophic Effects, Daniel Kamykowski

Journal of Marine Research

Previous results of a computer model suggested a number of possible interactions between semidiurnal internal tides and phytoplankton. One extension considers a phytoplankton grid (swimming speed 1-2 m h-1) that is initially distributed at sunset in the upper layer of a water column characterized by a relatively deep mean thermocline depth (25 m) . The organisms undergo a diurnal vertical migration while the water column is simultaneously disturbed by successive semidiurnal internal tides....

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A Comparison Of Upwelling Events In Two Locations: Oregon And Northwest Africa, Adriana Huyer Jan 1976

A Comparison Of Upwelling Events In Two Locations: Oregon And Northwest Africa, Adriana Huyer

Journal of Marine Research

Intensive observations of the low frequency (less than one cycle per day) response of upwelling regimes to fluctuations in the wind have been made in two locations: the Oregon coast near 45°15'N, and the Northwest African coast at 21°40'N. Both regimes show an equatorward coastal jet at the surface, quasi-barotropic fluctuations in the alongshore flow, and a poleward undercurrent....

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Hadal Community Structure: Implications From The Aleutian Trench, Peter A. Jumars, Robert R. Hessler Jan 1976

Hadal Community Structure: Implications From The Aleutian Trench, Peter A. Jumars, Robert R. Hessler

Journal of Marine Research

A 0.25-m2 box core from the Aleutian Trench (50°58.0'N, 171°37.5'W) was used to generate hypotheses concerning the regulation of benthic community structure in oceanic trenches. High food supply and the concentrating effects of trench topography are suggested by the unexpectedly high standing crop (1272 individuals of macrofaunal taxa m2) and by the feeding modes of the captured polychaetes....

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The Relationship Between Cupric Ion Activity And The Toxicity Of Copper To Phytoplankton, William Sunda, Robert R.L. Guillard Jan 1976

The Relationship Between Cupric Ion Activity And The Toxicity Of Copper To Phytoplankton, William Sunda, Robert R.L. Guillard

Journal of Marine Research

Culture experiments with the estuarine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H) in highly chelated seawater media demonstrate that growth rate inhibition and copper content of cells are related to cupric ion activity, and not to total copper concentration. Cupric ion activity was altered independently of total copper concentration by varying the chelator concentration, and the pH....

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Species Densities Of Macrobenthos Associated With Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study Of Predation, David K. Young, Martin A. Buzas Jan 1976

Species Densities Of Macrobenthos Associated With Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study Of Predation, David K. Young, Martin A. Buzas

Journal of Marine Research

Caging experiments in a wide variety of marine environments over a period of almost fifty years have produced dramatic density increases of macrobenthos in the absence of predators. This study utilized predator exclusion cages in seagrass areas of a subtropical estuary in east central Florida to determine if predicted increases in density would result....

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Tide-Induced Residual Current, A 2-D Nonlinear Numerical Tidal Model, K. T. Tee Jan 1976

Tide-Induced Residual Current, A 2-D Nonlinear Numerical Tidal Model, K. T. Tee

Journal of Marine Research

Tide-induced residual current was studied through solution of the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow-water equation. A simple numerical method was developed and applied to Minas Channel and Minas Basin at the head of the Bay of Fundy where strong residual currents of up to 0.76 m/sec have been measured....

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Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions. I. The Linear Equatorial Unbounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik Jan 1976

Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions. I. The Linear Equatorial Unbounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik

Journal of Marine Research

A method is developed for calculating the response of an unbounded inviscid ocean to wind stress and thermal forcings. Although emphasis is on equatorial baroclinic motions, the mathematical technique is first illustrated in detail for the motions described by the similar but simpler barotropic vorticity equation. This serves to clarify the significance of the asymptotic approximations made for the baroclinic planetary modes....

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The Limits Of Shelf Water South Of Cape Cod, 1941 To 1972, W. R. Wright Jan 1976

The Limits Of Shelf Water South Of Cape Cod, 1941 To 1972, W. R. Wright

Journal of Marine Research

Some 19,000 batbythermograms and 1,600 oceanographic stations in the region 39° to 41°N, 69° to 72° W have been examined for evidence of changes in the character and position of the shelf water/slope water boundary. Results show a) the boundary, identified by the 10° isotherm, intersects the bottom within 16 km of the 100-m curve about 80 percent of the time, with a seasonal progression from the south in the winter to north in the foll;...

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The Effect Of Dissolved Air And Natural Isotopic Distributions On The Density Of Water, Frank J. Millero, Robert T. Emmet Jan 1976

The Effect Of Dissolved Air And Natural Isotopic Distributions On The Density Of Water, Frank J. Millero, Robert T. Emmet

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of dissolved air and of natural isotopic distributions on the density of water have been determined at 1 atm by using a magnetic float densimeter. Dissolved gases were found to decrease the density by 3.0 ± 0.2 × 10-6 g cm-3 at 4°C. The apparent molal volumes of air were found to be nearly independent of saturation concentration and temperatures between 0° and 30°C....

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Objective Analysis Of The Upwelling Ecosystem Off Baja California, Dong-Ping Wang, John J. Walsh Jan 1976

Objective Analysis Of The Upwelling Ecosystem Off Baja California, Dong-Ping Wang, John J. Walsh

Journal of Marine Research

The method of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to nutrient data of hydrostations and surface m aps to study the temporal and spatial structures of the major processes in the upwelling ecosystem off Baja California, during the 1972 MESCAL I experiment. It is demonstrated that the EOF analysis leads to a meaningful separation of the uptake process from the dominant conservative processes....

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