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Meteorology

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Articles 1591 - 1620 of 2497

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Low-Frequency Variability In The Florida Current And Relations To Atmospheric Forcing From 1972 To 1974, Walter O. Düing, Christopher N.K. Mooers, Thomas N. Lee Jan 1977

Low-Frequency Variability In The Florida Current And Relations To Atmospheric Forcing From 1972 To 1974, Walter O. Düing, Christopher N.K. Mooers, Thomas N. Lee

Journal of Marine Research

Two-year records of temperature and current from a single subsurface mooring are demonstrated to be representative of the fluctuation spectrum of the Florida Current for time scales of several days to one or more years. The dominant subinertial motions occur in three period bands: from 8 to 25 days, 4 to 5 days, and 2 to 3 days. Simultaneous observations in a crossstream array reveal energy maxima in the same bands for all locations....

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Vertical Variation In Particulate Matter In The Upper Twenty Centimeters Of Marine Sediments, Ralph Gordon Johnson Jan 1977

Vertical Variation In Particulate Matter In The Upper Twenty Centimeters Of Marine Sediments, Ralph Gordon Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

A microscopic examination was made of the vertical distribution and abundance of particulate matter in six dissimilar cores of marine sediment. Two of the cores were taken in the intertidal and two in the shallow subtidal at stations in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. One core was taken in the Hudson Canyon and another at abyssal depths. Biological stains were used to identify potential food particles at the sediment-water interface, at two cm below the interface and at five cm intervals to a maximum depth of 20 cm.

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Zonal Pressure Gradient Along The Equatorial Atlantic, Eli Joel Katz, R. Belevitsch, J. Bruce, V. Bubnov, J. Cochrane, W. Düing, P. Hisard, H.-U. Lass, J. Meincke, A. Demesquita, L. Miller, A. Rybnikov Jan 1977

Zonal Pressure Gradient Along The Equatorial Atlantic, Eli Joel Katz, R. Belevitsch, J. Bruce, V. Bubnov, J. Cochrane, W. Düing, P. Hisard, H.-U. Lass, J. Meincke, A. Demesquita, L. Miller, A. Rybnikov

Journal of Marine Research

For three consecutive periods during the summer of 1974, ships of many nations made observations along the Atlantic equator as part of the GATE program [GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment]. Combining these observations, it is found that the zonal pressure gradient over the central Atlantic at the surface and at 50 dbar, relative to 500 dbar, increased from 3.2 to 7.3 and 2.2 to 5.3 × 10-5 dynes/g respectively between June/July and August and then held close to the high values in September....

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Latitudinal Relationships Among Temperature And Selected Plant Nutrients Along The West Coast Of North And South America, S.-J. Zentara, D. Kamykowski Jan 1977

Latitudinal Relationships Among Temperature And Selected Plant Nutrients Along The West Coast Of North And South America, S.-J. Zentara, D. Kamykowski

Journal of Marine Research

The relationships among temperature and selected plant nutrients (nitrate, phosphate and silicate) were determined in marine waters for 10° latitudinal (longitudinal) bands along the west coast of North and South America. Data within each 10° band were obtained from the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center, the Canadian Oceanographic Data Center or major oceanographic institutions....

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Calculation Of Equatorial Currents, Yu. L. Demin, A. S. Sarkisyan Jan 1977

Calculation Of Equatorial Currents, Yu. L. Demin, A. S. Sarkisyan

Journal of Marine Research

Many calculations of the stationary and seasonal currents in the nonequatorial regions of the oceans have been done using an earlier model published by Sarkisyan (1969). The references list several new publications in this series (Bulatov et al.; Demin, 1975). The detailed analysis and survey of the diagnostic calculations were published recently in English (Sarkisyan, 1977)....

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Community Patterns And Adaptive Strategies Of The Infaunal Benthos Of Long Island Sound, Peter L. Mccall Jan 1977

Community Patterns And Adaptive Strategies Of The Infaunal Benthos Of Long Island Sound, Peter L. Mccall

Journal of Marine Research

Nearshore communities of infaunal benthos on soft bottoms are characterized by a highly variable species composition. Some species undergo large spatial and temporal variations in local abundance; other members of the same community change only a little....

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Interaction Of Inertia-Gravity Waves With The Wind, Melvin E. Stern Jan 1977

Interaction Of Inertia-Gravity Waves With The Wind, Melvin E. Stern

Journal of Marine Research

An inertia-gravity wave which propagates upwind and upward in the thermocline has a reflection coefficient r which is greater than unity ("overreflection") as a result of the wave current interaction in the mixed layer which overlies the thermocline….

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A Model Of Phytoplankton Plume Formation During Variable Oregon Upwelling, J. S. Wroblewski Jan 1977

A Model Of Phytoplankton Plume Formation During Variable Oregon Upwelling, J. S. Wroblewski

Journal of Marine Research

A time dependent, two-dimensional, marine ecosystem model relates wind events, upwelling, and primary production off the Oregon coast. Model predictions of daily primary production (mg N m-2 day-1) increase soon after an intensification of the northerly component of the wind stress. Paradoxically the highest phytoplankton concentration occurs upon relaxation of winds after a major upwelling event....

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Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions: Ii. The Linear Equatorial Bounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik Jan 1977

Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions: Ii. The Linear Equatorial Bounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik

Journal of Marine Research

This paper extends the results of Cane and Sarachik (1976) to an ocean bounded by two meridians. A complete solution is obtained for the asymptotic linear inviscid response to wind stress and thermal forcings independent of longitude, switched on at t=0 and steady thereafter. The mathematics is greatly simplified by building on the results of the earlier paper. The form of the solution is relatively simple...

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Variations In Ammonium Enhancement, An Indication Of Nitrogen Deficiency In New England Coastal Phytoplankton Populations, Clarice M. Yentsch, Charles S. Yentsch, Lois R. Strube Jan 1977

Variations In Ammonium Enhancement, An Indication Of Nitrogen Deficiency In New England Coastal Phytoplankton Populations, Clarice M. Yentsch, Charles S. Yentsch, Lois R. Strube

Journal of Marine Research

Phytoplankton populations in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine have been tested for cellular nitrogen deficiency by adding ammonium to the dark bottle in a conventional 14C experiment. In phytoplankton cultures it has been shown that under conditions of nitrogen limitation to growth, accelerated dark fixation after ammonium addition signals the onset of cellular nitrogen deficiency....

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Secular Variability In The Baroclinic Structure Of The Interior North Pacific From 1950-1970, Warren B. White Jan 1977

Secular Variability In The Baroclinic Structure Of The Interior North Pacific From 1950-1970, Warren B. White

Journal of Marine Research

Recently White (1975) found significant year to year changes in the baroclinic transport of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific. To determine the spatial variability in the general circulation associated with this change in bulk transport, the baroclinic potential energy (BPE) in the mid-latitude interior from 20-50N, 145E-130W is mapped (using the methods of optimum interpolation) onto a regular 5 degree latitude/ 10 degree longitude grid each year from 1950-1970....

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Sediment Processing In A Marine Subtidal Sandy Bottom Community: I. Physical Aspects, Allen C. Myers Jan 1977

Sediment Processing In A Marine Subtidal Sandy Bottom Community: I. Physical Aspects, Allen C. Myers

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment processing by animals may include burrowing, ingestion/defecation, tube-building, and biodeposition. In a benthic community, combinations of these processes will occur, their proportions and relative importance depending on the composition of the fauna and the sedimentary environment....

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Sediment Processing In A Marine Subtidal Sandy Bottom Community: Ii. Biological Consequences, Allen C. Myers Jan 1977

Sediment Processing In A Marine Subtidal Sandy Bottom Community: Ii. Biological Consequences, Allen C. Myers

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment processing by benthic animals is acknowledged to destroy, alter, or create sedimentary structures. Sediment processing also has consequences for benthic community trophic structure and spatial distribution. Previous workers have shown that biogenic instability of muddy sediments may exclude one feeding type from an area dominated by a different feeding type (trophic group arnensalism)....

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Coral Populations And Growth Patterns: Responses To Sedimentation And Turbidity Associated With Dredging, Richard E. Dodge Jan 1977

Coral Populations And Growth Patterns: Responses To Sedimentation And Turbidity Associated With Dredging, Richard E. Dodge

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of coral growth patterns and populations in Bermuda reveals that living coral abundance on the reefs of Castle Harbor, a location where extensive dredging occurred during 1941- 1943, is much reduced in comparison to external North-South reefs. Dead corals, sampled in the harbor, have skeletal patterns of growth which are similar and which show a marked decline in growth for several years prior to death....

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The Determination Of The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Arsenic Acid In Water, Douglas H. Lowenthal, Michael E.Q. Pilson, Robert H. Bryne Jan 1977

The Determination Of The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Arsenic Acid In Water, Douglas H. Lowenthal, Michael E.Q. Pilson, Robert H. Bryne

Journal of Marine Research

The apparent dissociation constants for arsenic acid in seawater, based on a free molal hydrogen scale, were determined in artificial seawater over a range of salinities and temperatures. A comparison between constants determined in a sodium chloride solution and artificial seawater of the same ionic strength suggests that a significant amount of the reactive arsenate in seawater is ion paired with cations other than sodium....

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Some Features Of The Upper 500 M Of The Agulhas Current, A. F. Pearce Jan 1977

Some Features Of The Upper 500 M Of The Agulhas Current, A. F. Pearce

Journal of Marine Research

A detailed study of the mesoscale structure and variability of the upper 500 m layer of the Agulhas Current off Durban has shown that the Agulhas Current is remarkably similar to the other great western boundary currents. At the surface, the Current can generally be divided into 3 distinct zones: the intense cyclonic shear region, the "core" (where the velocity exceeds 1 m/s), and the less well defined anticyclonic shear region....

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Cross-Shelf Circulation On The Continental Shelf Off Northwest Africa During Upwelling, David Halpern, Robert L. Smith, Ekkehard Mittelstaedt Jan 1977

Cross-Shelf Circulation On The Continental Shelf Off Northwest Africa During Upwelling, David Halpern, Robert L. Smith, Ekkehard Mittelstaedt

Journal of Marine Research

During 10 March-6 April, 1974 simultaneous current records were obtained from 12 current meters, placed between 0.8 m and 67 m, in water approximately 75 m deep at 21°40'N, 17°18'W, about 32 km from the coast of Mauritania. Throughout the experiment the vertical stratification and horizontal density gradient were weak, and the winds were generally favorable for coastal upwelling....

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Infaunal Macrobenthos Off Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara, Jean Nichols, Gilbert T. Rowe Jan 1977

Infaunal Macrobenthos Off Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara, Jean Nichols, Gilbert T. Rowe

Journal of Marine Research

Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara is characterized by a nearshore benthic faunal province physically controlled by rates of sedimentation, conservatively estimated at 4 cm/yr, with a gradual transition across the continental shelf to a second province in a zone with high phytoplankton production of 2 gm C m-2 d-1 induced by upwelling at the continental shelf's outer margin....

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Does The Sverdrup Relation Account For The Mid-Atlantic Circulation?, Ants Leetmaa, Pearn Niiler, Henry Stommel Jan 1977

Does The Sverdrup Relation Account For The Mid-Atlantic Circulation?, Ants Leetmaa, Pearn Niiler, Henry Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

A comparison is made between the geostrophic transport across selected latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the theoretical transport as derived from the Sverdrup relationship. In the subtropical gyre these agree to within the error estimates. At 32°N and 24°N the interior geostrophic transports compare well with the measured values in the Florida Straits off Jacksonville.

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The Annual Cycle Of The Gulf Loop Current Part I: Observations During A One-Year Time Series, George A. Maul Jan 1977

The Annual Cycle Of The Gulf Loop Current Part I: Observations During A One-Year Time Series, George A. Maul

Journal of Marine Research

The Gulf Loop Current is that portion of the Gulf Stream System which connects the Yucatan Current and the Florida Current in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. An experiment to test the annual cycle proposed by Leipper (1970) was conducted from August, 1972, through September, 1973. Twelve pathlines of the 22°C isotherm at 100 meters depth were made from Yucatan to the Florida Keys at 36-day intervals in conjunction with a satellite oceanography project....

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Scales Of Motion In The Deep Gulf Stream And Across The Continental Rise, James R. Luyten Jan 1977

Scales Of Motion In The Deep Gulf Stream And Across The Continental Rise, James R. Luyten

Journal of Marine Research

An array of 15 moorings with 33 current meters was deployed in the deep water across the Continental Rise near 70°W for eight months. The data thus obtained provide the first synoptic view of the large amplitude, long period variability associated with the deep Gulf Stream region, shown here to have meridional scales of 150 km but zonal scales of less than 50 km. These fluctuations are associated with temperature variation of 0.5°C and exhibit a southward phase propagation of 10 cm/sec.

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Absorption Of An Organic Film At The Platinum-Seawater Interface, George I. Loeb, Rex A. Neihof Jan 1977

Absorption Of An Organic Film At The Platinum-Seawater Interface, George I. Loeb, Rex A. Neihof

Journal of Marine Research

Optical polarization analysis with an ellipsometer and microelectrophoretic and contact angle measurements all indicate that large changes in the properties of the platinum metal surface occurred on contact with Chesapeake Bay water from which particles and microorganisms had been removed. These changes were not observed with the same water from which organics had been removed by a photo-oxidation procedure....

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Diatoms As Tools For Assay Of Total B12 Activity And Cyanocobalamin Activity In Sea Water, Dorothy G. Swift, Robert R.L. Guillard Jan 1977

Diatoms As Tools For Assay Of Total B12 Activity And Cyanocobalamin Activity In Sea Water, Dorothy G. Swift, Robert R.L. Guillard

Journal of Marine Research

The total cobamide concentration (vitamin B12 plus B12 analogs active for some organisms) can be determined in sea water by bioassay utilizing growth of the centric diatom Bellerochea polymorpha clone 675-d. Vitamin B12 activity can be determined by bioassay utilizing Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H; hence the activity of vitamin B12 analogs can be determined by difference....

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Methods For Estimating Directional Wave Spectra From Multi-Element Arrays, Russ E. Davis, Lloyd A. Regier Jan 1977

Methods For Estimating Directional Wave Spectra From Multi-Element Arrays, Russ E. Davis, Lloyd A. Regier

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction The Fourier wavenumber-frequency spectrum of a scalar variable η, with zero mean, is defined…

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Relationships Between The Bivalve Macoma Balthica And Bacteria In Intertidal Sediments: Minas Basin, Bay Of Fundy, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael J. Risk Jan 1977

Relationships Between The Bivalve Macoma Balthica And Bacteria In Intertidal Sediments: Minas Basin, Bay Of Fundy, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael J. Risk

Journal of Marine Research

The extensive intertidal flats of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, support some of the highest population densities of Macoma balthica ever recorded. Densities of Macoma are positively correlated with density of bacteria in the sediment; correlations with tidal elevation and organic carbon content of the sediment are not significant. Macoma density appears to be related to the amount of fine material present in the sediment. Although Macoma feeds on the bacteria within the sediment, it must supplement its diet by suspension-feeding during high tide in order to acquire sufficient protein.

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Observations Of The Power And Directional Spectrum Of Ocean Surface Waves, Lloyd A. Regier, Russ E. Davis Jan 1977

Observations Of The Power And Directional Spectrum Of Ocean Surface Waves, Lloyd A. Regier, Russ E. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

Estimates of the power spectrum and directional spectrum of oceanic surface waves were obtained from data taken during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX). Wind speeds ranged from 5 to 10 m s-1 throughout the month's duration of the experiment....

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The Respiration Of Photosynthetic Carbon In Eutrophic Areas Of The Ocean, Walker O. Smith Jr. Jan 1977

The Respiration Of Photosynthetic Carbon In Eutrophic Areas Of The Ocean, Walker O. Smith Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The respiration of photosynthetic carbon by phytoplankton populations from upwelling regions was calculated from the difference in 6- and 24-h productivity incubations after the light intensity received in the 6-h incubations had been normalized to the light intensity received in 24 h. The results indicate that the phytoplankton off Northwest Africa respired 13.4% of the previously fixed photosynthetic carbon. A direct experimental test of the results confirms the calculations....

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Note On The Significance Of A Previous Rossby Wave Fit To Internal Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, Lorenz Magaard, James M. Price Jan 1977

Note On The Significance Of A Previous Rossby Wave Fit To Internal Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, Lorenz Magaard, James M. Price

Journal of Marine Research

This note refers to a paper by Emery and Magaard (1976), where it was shown that low frequency internal temperature fluctuations in parts of the Eastern Pacific can, to a large extent, be interpreted by a baroclinic Rossby wave model. Fitting a generalized wave model to the same data used by Emery and Magaard shows that the Rossby wave model yields not only a good but, in a certain sense, the best fit, which reinforces the case for the existence of baroclinic Rossby waves in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

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Evidence For Interior Dissipation And Mixing During A Coastal Upwelling Event Off Oregon, Dong-Ping Wang, Christopher N.K. Mooers Jan 1977

Evidence For Interior Dissipation And Mixing During A Coastal Upwelling Event Off Oregon, Dong-Ping Wang, Christopher N.K. Mooers

Journal of Marine Research

During a strong, wind-driven, coastal upwelling event in July, 1973, off Oregon, large variations occurred in the properties of inertial-internal waves and water masses. At the peak of the event, the semidiurnal internal tide, which had significant amplitude during the spin-up phase, disappeared almost completely at mid-shelf. During the relaxation phase, near-inertial motions and anomalously warm water appeared at mid-depth in the upwelling zone....

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On The Sampling Requirements For Measuring Moments Of Eddy Variability, G. R. Flierl, J. C. Mcwilliams Jan 1977

On The Sampling Requirements For Measuring Moments Of Eddy Variability, G. R. Flierl, J. C. Mcwilliams

Journal of Marine Research

The expected errors in first and second moments (means, variances, and covariances) calculated from data records of finite length are analyzed, using formulae based on the spectra. The physical processes from which the data are taken are assumed to be stationary and quasinormal. Asymptotic approximations to these errors (in inverse powers of the record length) are also discussed and compared with the exact expressions....

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