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Species Densities Of Macrobenthos Associated With Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study Of Predation, David K. Young, Martin A. Buzas Jan 1976

Species Densities Of Macrobenthos Associated With Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study Of Predation, David K. Young, Martin A. Buzas

Journal of Marine Research

Caging experiments in a wide variety of marine environments over a period of almost fifty years have produced dramatic density increases of macrobenthos in the absence of predators. This study utilized predator exclusion cages in seagrass areas of a subtropical estuary in east central Florida to determine if predicted increases in density would result....

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Tide-Induced Residual Current, A 2-D Nonlinear Numerical Tidal Model, K. T. Tee Jan 1976

Tide-Induced Residual Current, A 2-D Nonlinear Numerical Tidal Model, K. T. Tee

Journal of Marine Research

Tide-induced residual current was studied through solution of the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow-water equation. A simple numerical method was developed and applied to Minas Channel and Minas Basin at the head of the Bay of Fundy where strong residual currents of up to 0.76 m/sec have been measured....

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Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions. I. The Linear Equatorial Unbounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik Jan 1976

Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions. I. The Linear Equatorial Unbounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik

Journal of Marine Research

A method is developed for calculating the response of an unbounded inviscid ocean to wind stress and thermal forcings. Although emphasis is on equatorial baroclinic motions, the mathematical technique is first illustrated in detail for the motions described by the similar but simpler barotropic vorticity equation. This serves to clarify the significance of the asymptotic approximations made for the baroclinic planetary modes....

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The Limits Of Shelf Water South Of Cape Cod, 1941 To 1972, W. R. Wright Jan 1976

The Limits Of Shelf Water South Of Cape Cod, 1941 To 1972, W. R. Wright

Journal of Marine Research

Some 19,000 batbythermograms and 1,600 oceanographic stations in the region 39° to 41°N, 69° to 72° W have been examined for evidence of changes in the character and position of the shelf water/slope water boundary. Results show a) the boundary, identified by the 10° isotherm, intersects the bottom within 16 km of the 100-m curve about 80 percent of the time, with a seasonal progression from the south in the winter to north in the foll;...

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The Effect Of Dissolved Air And Natural Isotopic Distributions On The Density Of Water, Frank J. Millero, Robert T. Emmet Jan 1976

The Effect Of Dissolved Air And Natural Isotopic Distributions On The Density Of Water, Frank J. Millero, Robert T. Emmet

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of dissolved air and of natural isotopic distributions on the density of water have been determined at 1 atm by using a magnetic float densimeter. Dissolved gases were found to decrease the density by 3.0 ± 0.2 × 10-6 g cm-3 at 4°C. The apparent molal volumes of air were found to be nearly independent of saturation concentration and temperatures between 0° and 30°C....

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Objective Analysis Of The Upwelling Ecosystem Off Baja California, Dong-Ping Wang, John J. Walsh Jan 1976

Objective Analysis Of The Upwelling Ecosystem Off Baja California, Dong-Ping Wang, John J. Walsh

Journal of Marine Research

The method of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to nutrient data of hydrostations and surface m aps to study the temporal and spatial structures of the major processes in the upwelling ecosystem off Baja California, during the 1972 MESCAL I experiment. It is demonstrated that the EOF analysis leads to a meaningful separation of the uptake process from the dominant conservative processes....

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Maximum Buoyancy Flux Across A Salt Finger Interface, Melvin Stern Jan 1976

Maximum Buoyancy Flux Across A Salt Finger Interface, Melvin Stern

Journal of Marine Research

A quantitative theory is presented for the flux of salt FS and heat FT between two semiinfinite layers having temperature difference…

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Deep-Sea Species Diversity: Does It Have A Characteristic Scale?, Peter A. Jumars Jan 1976

Deep-Sea Species Diversity: Does It Have A Characteristic Scale?, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

Dispersion patterns and species diversities of deep-sea macrobenthos were examined for evidence that diversity-controlling processes operate predominantly on any one of several spatial scales. Identification of such scales, if any, would aid in the identification of the diversity-regulating processes themselves. The specific hypothesis that species diversity is independent of scale and location within the deep sea was tested with replicated...

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The Role Of Inertia-Gravity And Planetary Waves In The Response Of A Tropical Ocean To The Incidence Of An Equatorial Kelvin Wave On A Meridional Boundary, D. L.T. Anderson, P. B. Rowlands Jan 1976

The Role Of Inertia-Gravity And Planetary Waves In The Response Of A Tropical Ocean To The Incidence Of An Equatorial Kelvin Wave On A Meridional Boundary, D. L.T. Anderson, P. B. Rowlands

Journal of Marine Research

The problem of an equatorial Kelvin wave of step-function form incident on an eastern meridional boundary is solved on an equatorial beta-plane. The nature of the transient planetary and inertia-gravity waves is examined and the way in which they combine to produce a coastally trapped Kelvin wave evaluated....

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Anomalous Navifacial Salinities In The Tropical Pacific Ocean, J. R. Donguy, C. Henin Jan 1976

Anomalous Navifacial Salinities In The Tropical Pacific Ocean, J. R. Donguy, C. Henin

Journal of Marine Research

All available navifacial data from 1956 to 1974 have been compiled to produce two charts per year of surface salinity between 150°E and 130°W and between 10°N and 25°S. On each chart, the following m ain features are observed: south of 10°S and east of 160°W the tropical salinity maximum extending westward south of the equator; and a salinity minimum from 5°S to 20°S and west of 170°W. The oscillations of the position and intensity of these features are not all seasonal....

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Doppler Effects Of Inertial Currents On Subsurface Temperature Measurements, T. H. Bell Jr. Jan 1976

Doppler Effects Of Inertial Currents On Subsurface Temperature Measurements, T. H. Bell Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

In the presence of inertial oscillations, temperature measurements from a moored sensor will be contaminated by advected spatial structure. The degree of contamination is comparable to that induced by steady currents of the same magnitude, and its effect resembles that of a discrete linear filter acting on the spectrum...

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Large Scale Inhomogeneities And Mesoscale Ocean Waves: A Single, Stable Wave Field, James C. Mcwilliams Jan 1976

Large Scale Inhomogeneities And Mesoscale Ocean Waves: A Single, Stable Wave Field, James C. Mcwilliams

Journal of Marine Research

Horizontally propagating wave solution forms are assumed for mid-ocean mesoscale currents (i.e., those with spatial and temporal cycles of a few hundred kilometers and several months). The wave environment-defined to include the Coriolis parameter, bottom topography, and mean currents-is assumed to be inhomogeneous, but only on much larger scales. Mutual compatibility between these assumptions is derived....

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Diffraction And Refraction Calculations For Waves Incident On An Island, Ivar G. Jonsson, Ove Skovgaard, Ole Brink-Kjaer Jan 1976

Diffraction And Refraction Calculations For Waves Incident On An Island, Ivar G. Jonsson, Ove Skovgaard, Ole Brink-Kjaer

Journal of Marine Research

An island of circular cylindrical shape, situated on a paraboloidal shoal (Fig. 1 and Table 1) in an infinite ocean of constant depth is attacked by small regular waves of long period and of plane incidence. The wave field around the island is calculated according to two different approaches, viz. a diffraction theory and a refraction theory (i.e. geometrical optics). The solutions are compared for those (tsunami) periods, where the Coriolis force can be neglected.

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On The Uncertainty Of Wind Stress Curl Calculations, Peter M. Saunders Jan 1976

On The Uncertainty Of Wind Stress Curl Calculations, Peter M. Saunders

Journal of Marine Research

In a 10° square test area of the North Atlantic the annual wind stress is estimated in 1° squares from volunteer ship reports. The curl of the wind stress is deduced therefrom and is shown significantly different from that recently published based on 5° square wind stress data of Hellerman. The coarse resolution of the latter underestimates maxima and minima in the curl by as much as 50%....

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Dissolved Copper, Nickel, And Cadmium In The Sargasso Sea, Michael L. Bender, Christine Gagner Jan 1976

Dissolved Copper, Nickel, And Cadmium In The Sargasso Sea, Michael L. Bender, Christine Gagner

Journal of Marine Research

Concentrations of dissolved Cu, Ni, and Cd were determined in surface water samples and 25 deep water samples from two stations in the Sargasso Sea. Analyses were performed using a modified version of the APDC coprecipitation technique of Boyle and Edmond (1975a)....

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Asymptotic Regimes In Mixed-Layer Deepening, R. A. De Szoeke, P. B. Rhines Jan 1976

Asymptotic Regimes In Mixed-Layer Deepening, R. A. De Szoeke, P. B. Rhines

Journal of Marine Research

The model equation for the mixed layer proposed by Niiler (1975) combines the Kraus-Turner turbulent erosion prescription with the Pollard-Rhines-Thompson treatment of induced shear-flow deepening and limiting by Coriolis forces. We show here that both are special cases which emerge asymptotically from the model equation. Numerical solutions show the dynamics to pass through four distinct regimes, in the case of wind-mixing of an initially resting fluid.

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Transequatorial Movement Of Water Masses In The Indian Ocean, G. S. Sharma Jan 1976

Transequatorial Movement Of Water Masses In The Indian Ocean, G. S. Sharma

Journal of Marine Research

Interrelationships of potential temperature-salinity and potential temperature-oxyty are presented for 31 stations along 5°N, the equator, and 5°S during the southwest monsoon, and the volumes of water in bivariate classes of potential temperature against salinity are estimated throughout each section. The sources of different water types and their flow pattern are discussed....

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Transport Pathways Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Atlantic Water, George R. Harvey, William G. Steinhauer Jan 1976

Transport Pathways Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Atlantic Water, George R. Harvey, William G. Steinhauer

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface waters of the Atlantic shows concentration maxima in latitudes of high net precipitation and a minimum in the midlatitudes. Very low PCB concentrations are found in the South Atlantic. Since the nonvolatile inorganic radionuclide distribution in the Atlantic shows no dependence on precipitation patterns, codistillation with evaporating water must be a major factor in determining the distribution of PCBs....

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The Variance Spectrum Of Phytoplankton In A Turbulent Ocean, Kenneth L. Denman, Trevor Platt Jan 1976

The Variance Spectrum Of Phytoplankton In A Turbulent Ocean, Kenneth L. Denman, Trevor Platt

Journal of Marine Research

Spatial heterogeneity of ecological variables is recognized as an important stabilizing factor for ecosystem function, but has proved to be a difficult concept to characterize in quantitative, operational terms. In the sea, however, chlorophyll concentration can be estimated by a continuous in vivo measurement, and used to describe the spatial structure of phytoplankton populations in terms of a variance spectrum in either wavenumber or frequency space....

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Observations Of Internal Waves And Coastal Upwelling Off The Oregon Coast, Stanley P. Hayes, David Halpern Jan 1976

Observations Of Internal Waves And Coastal Upwelling Off The Oregon Coast, Stanley P. Hayes, David Halpern

Journal of Marine Research

A vertical array of moored velocity and temperature sensors was used to study the high-frequency (periods of less than 24 hr) structure during a coastal upwelling event. The upwelling event, which represents a wind-generated mesoscale response of the ocean circulation along a meridional coastline, changes the environment in which the high-frequency disturbances are produced and propagated....

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A Multiple Opening/Closing Net And Environmental Sensing System For Sampling Zooplankton, Peter H. Wiebe, Kenneth H. Burt, Steven H. Boyd, Alfred W. Morton Jan 1976

A Multiple Opening/Closing Net And Environmental Sensing System For Sampling Zooplankton, Peter H. Wiebe, Kenneth H. Burt, Steven H. Boyd, Alfred W. Morton

Journal of Marine Research

The MOCNESS is based on the Tucker Trawl principle and has nine rectangular nets (1 m × 1.4 m) which are opened and closed sequentially by commands through conducting cable from the surface. Environmental sensors to measure conductivity, temperature, and depth are attached to the net support frame. In addition, sensors to monitor flow past the net and the angle of the net assembly from the vertical, and indicators to record the electrical and mechanical function of the opening/closing mechanism are present....

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Finite Amplitude Edge Waves, R. T. Guza, A. J. Bowen Jan 1976

Finite Amplitude Edge Waves, R. T. Guza, A. J. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

Large amplitude edge waves are shown to be modified by nonlinear effects in a way very similar to surface waves in deep water (Stokes, 1847); trapped harmonics tend to sharpen the wave crests and the natural frequency increases with wave amplitude, progressive edge waves propagating faster at large amplitude. A standing edge wave exhibits additional properties due to interaction between its two constituent progressive waves....

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Synoptic Studies Of Transients In The Florida Current, Walter Düing Jan 1975

Synoptic Studies Of Transients In The Florida Current, Walter Düing

Journal of Marine Research

The SYNOPS experiment was designed to study the changing vertical structure of the Florida Current, covering tidal and subinertial fluctuations. The emphasis in this paper is placed on the discussion of highly energetic quasi-barotropic waves with a time scale of several days. These waves are superimposed on the mean baroclinic profile of the Florida Current; thus, in the simplest case, the mean profile is just shifted parallel to itself. Since the mean downstream flow is close to zero in the lower layer, temporary deep southward flow results....

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On The Relationship Between Transport And Motional Electric Potentials In Broad, Shallow Currents, Thomas B. Sanford, Reinhard E. Flick Jan 1975

On The Relationship Between Transport And Motional Electric Potentials In Broad, Shallow Currents, Thomas B. Sanford, Reinhard E. Flick

Journal of Marine Research

Knowledge of the volume transport is of great practical importance in many studies of the flow through or within shallow channels and estuaries. However, transport measurements are often difficult to obtain because of the temporal or spatial variability of the flow. The bulk motion of a stream has been inferred from measurements which integrate the electric field induced by the motion of seawater through the earth's magnetic field....

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The Florida Current At Key West: Summer 1972, Irving H. Brooks, Pearn P. Niller Jan 1975

The Florida Current At Key West: Summer 1972, Irving H. Brooks, Pearn P. Niller

Journal of Marine Research

Sixteen dropsonde cross-sections of the Florida Straits at the Key West, Florida, longitude are used to examine the persistent features and large-scale variations of the temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocity structures of the Florida Current. A persistent counterflow was found along the northern shore of the Current, which can be interpreted from the salinity distribution as cyclonic recirculation of the Florida Current water. Analysis of the temporal variations indicate that a downstream acceleration of the Current is accompanied by a warming trend.

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The Effect Of The Non-Ideal Composition Of Sea Water On Salinity And Density, Peter G. Brewer, Alvin Bradshaw Jan 1975

The Effect Of The Non-Ideal Composition Of Sea Water On Salinity And Density, Peter G. Brewer, Alvin Bradshaw

Journal of Marine Research

We have calculated the effect of the increased alkalinity, total carbon dioxide and silica content of deep ocean waters on the conductance-salinity-density relationship….

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Morphologic Adaptations Of Benthic Invertebrates To Soft Substrata, Charles W. Thayer Jan 1975

Morphologic Adaptations Of Benthic Invertebrates To Soft Substrata, Charles W. Thayer

Journal of Marine Research

The static stress, σ (gm/cm2) which a benthic organism applies to the bottom is given by…

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Secular Variability In The Large-Scale Baroclinic Transport Of The North Pacific From 1950–1970, Warren B. White Jan 1975

Secular Variability In The Large-Scale Baroclinic Transport Of The North Pacific From 1950–1970, Warren B. White

Journal of Marine Research

A time sequence of meridional baroclinic transport (0/1000 db) across the Subtropical gyre of the North Pacific is constructed, based upon available hydrographic data collected from 1950-1970. This time sequence displays significant variability, with a maximum possible range ± 25 % about the long-term mean and a principal time scale of approximately six years. A comparison of this time sequence with that of the Kuroshio (Nitani, 1972) shows good correlation in both amplitude and phase....

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Zonation And Faunal Composition Of Epibenthic Populations On The Continental Slope South Of New England, Richard L. Haedrich, Gilbert T. Rowe, Pamela T. Polloni Jan 1975

Zonation And Faunal Composition Of Epibenthic Populations On The Continental Slope South Of New England, Richard L. Haedrich, Gilbert T. Rowe, Pamela T. Polloni

Journal of Marine Research

The epibenthic macrofauna, including demersal fishes, between 140 and 1900 m on the continental slope south of New England was found to be distributed in three zones: shallow (141-285 m), middle (393-1095 m), and deep (1270-1928 m). Fauna! boundaries were associated with the transition zones from shelf to upper continental slope and from upper to lower continental slope. The small Alvin Canyon was not faunally distinct. Fishes and echinoderms were the most abundant taxa, the former predominant in shallow and middle depths and the latter predominating deeper....

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Some Effects Of Bottom Topography On Baroclinic Stability, Roland A. De Szoeke Jan 1975

Some Effects Of Bottom Topography On Baroclinic Stability, Roland A. De Szoeke

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of Fourier components of cross-stream topographic slope are included in the classical linear theory of quasigeostrophic baroclinic instability. The effect of uniformly sloping topography is reviewed, emphasis being placed on the possibility of destabilization through interaction between long topographic baroclinic Rossby waves and short thermal baroclinic Rossby waves with the same downstream wave number and phase speed....

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