Digital Commons Network^™

Influences Of The Western Press On News Framing Of Global Events In Developing Countries: Examining Covid-19 And Climate Coverage In A Bangladeshi News Organization, Arif Md Tareque Habib

Communication ETDs

This study shows that a small number of Western news organizations (e.g., Reuters, The New York Times) may influence how local news organizations in developing countries frame global crises and that this influence may lead local news organizations to ignore locally relevant aspects of those crises. To test this thesis, two studies were conducted on the coverage of two crises -- COVID-19 and climate change -- by a news organization in Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia. The news organization, www.bdnews24.com, serves both as a news agency or news supplier for local newspapers and an online newspaper for users. …

Effects Of Long Covid On Healthcare Utilization, Michael Gottlieb, Erica S. Spatz, Huihui Yu, Imtiaz Ebna Mannan, Michelle Santangelo, Caitlin Malicki, Nicole L. Gentile, Rachel E. Geyer, Alex Charlton, Jonathan W. Dyal, Joann G. Elmore, Kristyn Gatling, Mandy J. Hill, Juan Carlos C. Montoy, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Kristin L. Rising, Sharon Saydah, Kari A. Stephens, Ralph C. Wang, Lauren E. Wisk, Arjun K. Venkatesh, Robert A. Weinstein

Jefferson Center for Connected Care Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: While most research on Long COVID (LC) has focused on symptoms and quality of life, there remains a critical need to better understand the effect of LC on resource utilization. This study sought to determine the type and amount of healthcare utilization among participants with versus without LC.

METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter U.S. study of adult participants with symptomatic COVID-19, confirmed with testing, who completed 3-month post-infection surveys and had electronic health record data for at least 180 days pre- and post-index testing. We excluded participants with any COVID-19 infections within the …

Participant Engagement In A National Longitudinal Study Of Covid-19: Insights From The Inspire Study, Kris Pui Kwan Ma, Tracy Stober, Michael Gottlieb, Rachel E. Geyer, Kristin L. Rising, Sharon Saydah, Michelle Santangelo, Kristyn Gatling, Dylan Grau, Ralph C. Wang, Juan Carlos Montoy, Ahamed Idris, Samuel Macdonald, Mandy J. Hill, Ryan Huebinger, Maria G. Prado, Nicole L. Gentile, Erica Spatz, Caitlin Maliki, Jocelyn Dorney, Joann G. Elmore, Michelle L'Hommedieu, Robert A Weinstein, Arjun K. Venkatesh, Kari A. Stephens

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To examine participants' motivations and their experiences throughout a decentralized, longitudinal COVID-19 study in the U.S.

METHODS: We recruited 355 participants from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) between November 2022 - March 2023 to answer five qualitative survey questions anonymously. We used an inductive content analysis approach to analyze the data.

RESULTS: We identified five key themes from the analysis, which reflected participants' a) motivations to join the study, b) study benefits, c) perceptions of survey questions, d) experiences with the research process, and e) preferences for disseminating research findings. Participants were motivated to …

Leading Through Critical Incidents: A Phenomenological Study Of K–12 School Leaders’ Responses To Critical Incidents, Terry-Ann Griffin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore how K–12 school leaders respond to critical incidents in schools. A critical incident is any actual or alleged event or situation that creates a significant risk of substantial or severe harm to physical or mental health, safety, or well-being. The study focused on three major critical incidents: school shootings/gun violence, the COVID-19 pandemic, and racial unrest. The research was guided by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, which explains human behavior through reciprocal interactions between personal, environmental, and behavioral factors. The central research question was: How do K–12 school leaders respond to …

Iowa Test Scores Before And After Covid-19 In Early Adolescents, Carmel F. W. Ontoy

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This paper addresses past research that examined the effects of COVID-19 on academics and presents a study further examining an area of academics before and after COVID-19. Research relating to COVID-19 has varied, studying correlations and effects on factors such as mental health and relationships. Researchers and educators projected various degrees of learning loss, and while some studies have revealed some loss, others have revealed little to no change. Further research is needed to continue developing researchers’ and educators’ understanding of how COVID-19 and the shift to online learning may have been related to learning and academics of young adolescents. …

Impact Of Sars-Cov-2 On Healthcare And Essential Workers: A Longitudinal Study Of Promis-29 Outcomes, Jocelyn Dorney, Imtiaz Ebna Mannan, Caitlin Malicki, Lauren E. Wisk, Joann Elmore, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Dana Morse, Kristyn Gatling, Michael Gottlieb, Michelle Santangelo, Michelle L'Hommedieu, Nicole L. Gentile, Sharon Saydah, Mandy J. Hill, Ryan Huebinger, Katherine Riley Martin, Ahamed H. Idris, Efrat Kean, Kevin Schaeffer, Robert M. Rodriguez, Robert A. Weinstein, Erica S. Spatz, Inspire Group

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: The mandatory service of essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with high job stress, increased SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and limited time for recovery following infection. Understanding outcomes for frontline workers can inform planning for future pandemics.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient-reported outcomes by employment type and SARS-CoV-2 status.

DESIGN: Data from the INSPIRE registry, which enrolled COVID-positive and COVID-negative adults between 12/7/2020-8/29/2022 was analyzed. Patient-reported outcomes were collected quarterly over 18 months.

SETTING: Participants were recruited across eight US sites.

PARTICIPANTS: Employed INSPIRE participants who completed a short (3-month) and long-term (12-18 month) survey.

EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 index status and …

Enhanced Restoration Of Covid-19 Ct Scan Images Utilizing Advanced Wiener Filtering Techniques, Warqaa Shaher Alazawee, Marwa Subhi Ibrahim, Raghda Salam Al Mahdawi, Ali Albu-Rghaif, Ahmed Sabri Altaie

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and rapidly spread worldwide from late 2019. While Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool, its sensitivity ranges from only 60% to 70%, leading to false negatives. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging has emerged as a valuable alternative for accurate diagnosis; however, the quality of CT images is often degraded by motion-induced blur and additive noise, particularly in children, individuals with mental health conditions, or those with phobias of CT scans. This study aims to enhance COVID-19 CT image quality …

Abstracts From The 2025 Health Care Systems Research Network (Hcsrn) Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, Health Care Systems Research Network

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) comprises 19 learning health systems with integrated care delivery and embedded research units. The network’s annual conference serves as a forum for research teams from member institutions to disseminate project findings, explore scientific collaborations, and share insights about population-based research practices that can measurably improve health and health care for all. The theme of this year’s conference was “Optimizing Collaborations to Advance Health in a Dynamic Research Landscape.” Abstracts presented at HCSRN 2025 are published in this issue supplement of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the journal of record for …

Mothers’ Plan To Protect Their Children From Covid-19 And Other Viral Illnesses, Miami Kadhum Yossif, Rehab Abdulwehab Jaafer

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Mothers play a critical role in safeguarding the health and well-being of their children—a vulnerable population—particularly during outbreaks of infectious diseases. Aim: This study investigated the strategies employed by mothers to protect their children from COVID-19 and other viral illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient pediatric clinics of Basra Maternity and Children Hospital and Almawani Teaching Hospital, 118 mothers were enrolled from diverse backgrounds. Data was collected through structured interviews and a standardized questionnaire designed to assess maternal practices, attitudes, and experiences concerning the protection of their children. The key areas explored included hygiene practices, …

The Current And Future Burden Of Long Covid In The United States, Sarah M Bartsch, Kevin L Chin, Ulrich Strych, Danielle C John, Tej D Shah, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Kelly J O'Shea, Mckaylee Robertson, Colleen Weatherwax, Jessie Heneghan, Marie F Martinez, Allan Ciciriello, Sarah Kulkarni, Kavya Velmurugan, Alexis Dibbs, Sheryl A Scannell, Yanhan Shen, Denis Nash, Peter J Hotez, Bruce Y Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Long coronavirus disease (COVID), which affects an estimated 44.69-48.04 million people in the United States, is an ongoing public health concern that will persist as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread.

Methods: We developed a computational simulation model representing the clinical course, health effects, and associated costs of a person with long COVID.

Results: Simulations show that the average total cost of a long COVID case can range from $5084-$11 646 (assuming symptoms only last 1 year) with 92.5%-95.2% of these costs being productivity losses. Therefore, the current number of long COVID cases could cost …

High-Affinity Cd16a Polymorphism Associated With Reduced Risk Ofsevere Covid-19, Anita E Qualls, Tasha Tsao, Irene Lui, Shion A Lim, Yapeng Su, Ernie Chen, Dylan Duchen, Holden T Maecker, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Ruth R Montgomery, Florian Krammer, Charles R Langelier, Ofer Levy, Lindsey R Baden, Esther Melamed, Lauren Ir Ehrlich, Grace A Mccomsey, Rafick P Sekaly, Charles B Cairns, Elias K Haddad, Albert C Shaw, David A Hafler, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Mark A Atkinson, Scott C Brakenridge, Nelson I Agudelo Higuita, Jordan P Metcalf, Catherine L Hough, William B Messer, Bali Pulendran, Kari C Nadeau, Mark M Davis, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Viviana Simon, Monica Kraft, Christian Bime, Carolyn S Calfee, David J Erle, Joanna Schaenmann, Al Ozonoff, Bjoern Peters, Steven H Kleinstein, Alison D Augustine, Joann Diray-Arce, Patrice M Becker, Nadine Rouphael, Impacc Network, Jason D Goldman, Daniel R Calabrese, James R Heath, James A Wells, Elaine F Reed, Lewis L Lanier, Harry Pickering, Oscar A Aguilar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CD16A is an activating Fc receptor on NK cells that mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a key mechanism in antiviral immunity. However, the role of NK cell-mediated ADCC in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear, particularly whether it limits viral spread and disease severity or contributes to the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. We hypothesized that the high-affinity CD16AV176 polymorphism influences these outcomes. Using an in vitro reporter system, we demonstrated that CD16AV176 is a more potent and sensitive activator than the common CD16AF176 allele. To assess its clinical relevance, we analyzed 1,027 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from the Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 …

Pengaruh Vaksinasi Covid-19 Terhadap Kesehatan Dan Kondisi Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Indonesia, Ayu Lestari, Fauziah Zen

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

The COVID-19 vaccination is considered crucial for controlling the pandemic and accelerating economic recovery. However, empirical evidence on the impact of vaccination on health and the economy at the district/city level in Indonesia remains limited. This study aims to analyze the impact of vaccination on health outcomes and economic conditions. The methodology used is a fixed effect model with monthly panel data on vaccination and health outcomes (positivity rate and recovery), as well as annual data on per capita expenditure in 514 districts/cities from January 2021 to December 2022. The results show that the first dose of vaccination significantly reduces …

An Exploration Of The Effect Of Covid Restrictions On Maternity Care In Uganda, Hellen Kyakuwaire, Grace Edwards, Ahmed Mohammed Sarki

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Uganda responded aggressively to the worldwide spread of COVID-19 by imposing a total lockdown, which forbade movement of the whole population, including pregnant women and other vulnerable groups. This phenomenological study explored pregnant women’s experiences during the total lockdown in Uganda and identified factors that influenced the quality of healthcare for pregnant women during the lockdown.
Methods: Thirty-two newly delivered women were selected across a wide geographical area to represent rural and urban areas. The sample was selected from women who had given birth at the selected health facilities from March 18, 2020, to April 30, 2020. …

Placental Transfer Of Sars-Cov-2 Antibodies In Mother-Neonate Pairs: A Prospective Nested Cohort Study, Alex Mugo, Angela Koech, Liberty Cantrell, Moses Mukhanya, Isaac Mwaniki, Joseph Mutunga, Merryn Voysey, Rachel Craik, Marleen Temmerman, Geoffrey Omuse

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: Newborns depend on the transfer of IgG across the placenta to acquire protection against pathogens. We assessed the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, primarily derived from infection, from seropositive pregnant women enrolled in a pregnancy cohort in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods :The study was nested within a prospective observational multi-country cohort study. All available paired maternal delivery and cord blood samples were selected. Maternal sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG total antibodies using the Wantai assay. For positive samples, maternal and corresponding cord blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the spike (anti-spike) and …

Placental Transfer Of Sars-Cov-2 Antibodies In Mother-Neonate Pairs: A Prospective Nested Cohort Study, Alex Mugo, Angela Koech, Liberty Cantrell, Moses Mukhanya, Isaac Mwaniki, Joseph Mutunga, Merryn Voysey, Rachel Craik, Peter Dadelszen, Marleen Temmerman, Geoffrey Omuse

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background

Newborns depend on the transfer of IgG across the placenta to acquire protection against pathogens. We assessed the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, primarily derived from infection, from seropositive pregnant women enrolled in a pregnancy cohort in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods

The study was nested within a prospective observational multi-country cohort study. All available paired maternal delivery and cord blood samples were selected. Maternal sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG total antibodies using the Wantai assay. For positive samples, maternal and corresponding cord blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the spike (anti-spike) and …

High-Frequency, At-Home Monitoring Of Drug Safety And Tolerability In Clinical Trials: Results From Studies Of Fluvoxamine For Covid-19 Treatment, Eric J Lenze, Madeline Nykamp, J Philip Miller, Angela Stevens, Julia Schweiger, Torie Gettinger, Michael Yingling, Yi Zhang, Ginger E Nicol, Charles F Zorumski, Angela M Reiersen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinical trials are increasingly using remote monitoring techniques at the patient's home. We conducted a secondary analysis of remote safety and tolerability monitoring from two fully-remote clinical trials that tested fluvoxamine for the acute treatment of COVID-19. Both trials assessed pulse and blood pressure daily, and one study assessed symptoms daily via Ecological Momentary Assessment. On average, patients provided data on vital signs on 93% of the study days and provided data on side effects on 81% of the study days. With respect to safety, patients taking fluvoxamine had reduced pulse rate compared to placebo, with the greatest difference-5 points-at …

Clinical Evaluation Of The Healgen Rapid Covid-19 Antigen Test As A Point-Of-Care Diagnostic Tool, Stephen A Young, Hua Zhang, Jose Rodriguez, David Mishkin, Ward Paine, Li Seyfried, Latisha Hargrove, Dennis L Broyles, Chermaen Lindberg, Anurag Purushothaman, Stacey House

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Development of readily available Rapid COVID-19 Antigen tests essential for promptly identifying SARS-CoV2 infection and preventing its spread.

METHODS: This study evaluated the clinical performance of the Healgen Rapid COVID-19 antigen test as a point-of-care diagnostic tool with 806 evaluable subjects who were within 6 days post-symptom onset. The results from the Healgen test were compared to the results from Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) approved SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests.

RESULTS: Out of the 806 evaluable subjects, 140 tested positive and 640 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 with the Healgen COVID-19 test, showing good agreement with the EUA RT-PCR results. There were …

Long-Term Autoimmune Polyarthritis Due To Covid-19 Vaccine, Ramesh Pandit, Namratha Pallipamu, Trupiti Pandit

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Vaccinations for COVID-19 have played a pivotal role in controlling the global pandemic, with most adverse events being mild and transient. However, rare post-vaccination autoimmune responses have been reported. The understanding of long-term rheumatologic sequelae, particularly autoimmune polyarthritis following COVID-19 vaccination, remains limited.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 41-year-old previously healthy man who developed progressive polyarthritis and systemic symptoms following the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. The initial symptoms of joint swelling and arthralgia appeared within a week of the first vaccine dose, subsiding temporarily with medication. After receiving a booster dose, the patient experienced worsening …

Procalcitonin Levels In Covid-19 Patients In A Tertiary Care Center, Avinash H. Rajanna, Satyanarayana Narayanashetty, Yesheswini N. Naik, Vaibhav S. Bellary, N Chethan

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a glycoprotein calcitonin prohormone released by the thyroid parafollicular cells. In case of a microbial infection, PCT synthesis can be stimulated by the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, and tumor necrosis factor-

α

. These mediators are massively involved in the so-called cytokine storm, typical of the progression from the viremic to the hyperinflammatory stage of COVID-19 and characterized by the onset of respiratory symptoms and interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. Thus, PCT elevation may represent a direct consequence of the COVID-19 cytokine storm and could also be interpreted as a “viral sepsis” syndrome.

AIM:

(1) …

Covid-19 Are We In Testing Fatigue Or Testing Fatiguely?, Priya Sharma, Saurabh Rattan, Vikram Katoch, Gurdarshan Gupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

The rapid spread of COVID 19 across the globe gave no country any chance to stay guard of what consequences it would follow. India, with 462 million of its 1.3 billion people living in densely populated urban settlements with high contact rates, was at risk of catastrophic spread of the virus. Extensive testing for SARS CoV 2 set the precedent for managing the vicious cycle of COVID 19. The study focuses on the COVID-19 testing and positivity rates across the country to attain information on whether we are testing enough or we need to be more rigorous in approach. What's …

Strategies In Laboratory Diagnosis Of Covid-19 In India, Abhijit Vinodrao Boratne, Lalithambigai Chellamuthu, Yogesh Bahurupi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

COVID-19 has been documented as the fifth pandemic since 1918 Spanish flu (H1N1). It began as a human cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology, reported from Wuhan, China, during late December 2019. The etiological agent of the pandemic was detected as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The Indian Council of Medical Research along with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare expanded and diversified testing capacity. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. TrueNat or cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test is for testing at primary and secondary health care level. Rapid antigen test has …

Indoor Airborne Pathogen Transmission And Control: A Role Of Environmental Factors And Material Properties, Eloise Eyo Parry-Nweye

Dissertations - ALL

The transmission of infectious airborne pathogens has severe implications on human health and economic stability. This is evidenced by the re-emergence of global pandemics with high mortality rates, various respiratory diseases, crop damage, incurred nationwide financial costs, etc. These causative pathogens, encompassing viruses, fungal spores, etc., attach to aerosol and droplet particles, enabling their aerial dispersal and leading to a cascade of detrimental events. Developing interventions to control pathogenic transmission requires an in-depth understanding of the various modes of disease transmission. However, existential gaps within the respective disease transmission modalities remained. For instance, while viruses are predominantly transmitted via aerosols, …

Pneumococcal Colonization Dynamics Among Young Children With And Without Respiratory Symptoms During The First Year Of The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic., Liset Olarte, Brian R. Lee, Dithi Banerjee, Douglas Swanson, Christopher J. Harrison, Rangaraj Selvarangan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were implemented across the United States in 2020. These public health measures might influence pneumococcal colonization in younger children and their subsequent risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. Our objective was to evaluate pneumococcal colonization rates in children ≤ 5 years of age with and without respiratory symptoms during the first 12 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (April 2020 - March 2021).

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating pneumococcal colonization rates, density and serotype distribution across three study periods (April-July [Period 1], August-November [Period 2] and December-March [Period 3]) after …

The Effect Of Sars-Cov-2 Reinfection On Long-Term Symptoms In The Innovative Support For Patients With Sars-Cov-2 Infections Registry (Inspire), John J. Openshaw, Ji Chen, Robert Rodriguez, Michael Gottlieb, Kalyani Mccullough, Michelle Santangelo, Mandy J. Hill, Kristyn Gatling, Ahamed H. Idris, Samuel Mcdonald, Lauren E. Wisk, Jonathan Dyal, Ralph C. Wang, Kristin L. Rising, Efrat Kean, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Kari A. Stephens, Caitlin Malicki, Zhenqiu Lin, Erica S. Spatz, Huihui Yu, Robert A. Weinstein, Joann Elmore

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The clinical consequences of repeated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not clear, especially as they relate to long-term symptoms after infection. We analyzed data collected for the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE) to determine whether reinfection changes the likelihood of symptoms 3-6 months after reinfection compared with the likelihood in individuals experiencing a single infection.

METHODS: Individuals reporting a single SARS-CoV-2 infection or a single reinfection were included in this analysis. A positive SARS-CoV-2 test occurring ≥90 days after a first infection was considered a reinfection. Outcomes included severe fatigue (fatigue …

Sars-Cov-2 Nsp15 Enhances Viral Virulence By Subverting Host Antiviral Defenses, Allen Caobi, Tamarand L Darling, Adrianus C M Boon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SARS-CoV-2 encodes numerous virulence factors, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. We provide evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) enhances viral virulence by suppressing the production of viral double-stranded (dsRNA), a potent inducer of antiviral signaling. The viral variants lacking nsp15 endoribonuclease activity elicited higher innate immune responses and exhibited reduced replication in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II epithelial cells, as well as in the lungs of infected hamsters. Consistently, these variants caused significantly less weight loss and mortality compared to wild-type (WT) virus in K18-hACE2 mice. Mechanistically, the cells infected with nsp15 mutants …

Importance Of Outbreak Response Research In Bridging Knowledge Gaps On Emerging Infectious Diseases, Robert F Breiman, David Wang, Michael Diamond, Adrianus C M Boon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

An important outcome of the devastating 2014 West African Ebola virus disease outbreak and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has been the growing promotion of conducting research during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) as a valuable and acceptable process of acquiring knowledge to enhance our ability to better prevent and control these diseases in the future. Recognising the unique opportunity during outbreaks to leverage increases in cases over a short time interval and in a circumscribed area, we articulate a systematic process of conducting EID outbreak response research, highlighting knowledge gaps that should be prioritised, and measures that can be …

Covid-19 & Healthcare (Re)Privatization? A Comparative Analysis Of High And Medium Per Capita Gdp Countries, Kristina Donders, Kaitlyn Matthews, Brittany Reyes, Frank. H. Rizzo

Working Papers Series

This paper examines whether the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated healthcare privatization in high- and medium-GDP countries. Drawing on political economy theories of path dependence and privatization, we analyze changes in public and private healthcare expenditures in eight countries: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Georgia, Luxembourg, Norway, the Philippines, and South Korea—comparing data from 2019 and 2022. Using World Bank indicators on healthcare financing, GDP, aging populations, and food insecurity, we find that although healthcare expenditures generally increased during the pandemic, this increase was primarily in public, not private, spending. Case studies of Georgia and South Korea reveal that local economic and demographic pressures, …

Factors Influencing Medical University Students' Emotions And Infection Prevention Behaviors Amid The Spread Of Covid-19: Analysis From A Social Network Perspective, Jian-Jhou Chen, Peih-Ying Lu

Journal of Medical Education

Background: By adopting a social network perspective, we estimated the impact of the extent of information dissemination and exchange on the emotions and behaviors of medical university students during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Students from a medical university in southern Taiwan were selected through stratified sampling. From October 5 to October 11, 2020, a survey was conducted using a self-developed COVID-19 Response Assessment Scale. A total of 1,162 valid responses were collected. Results: Higher frequencies of information acquisition from social networks or news media and information exchange with others in social networks were associated with higher levels of worries regarding …

Association Of Sars-Cov-2 With Health-Related Quality Of Life 1 Year After Illness Using Latent Transition Analysis, Lauren Wisk, Michael Gottlieb, Peizheng Chen, Huihui Yu, Kelli O'Laughlin, Kari Stephens, Graham Nichol, Juan Carlos Montoy, Robert Rodriguez, Michelle Santangelo, Kristyn Gatling, Erica Spatz, Arjun Venkatesh, Kristin Rising, Mandy Hill, Ryan Huebinger, Ahamed Idris, Michael Willis, Efrat Kean, Samuel Mcdonald, Joann Elmore, Robert Weinstein

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection may impact health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), yet it is unknown how HRQoL changes during recovery. We compared patient-reported HRQoL among adults with COVID-19-like illness who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (COVID+) with those who tested negative (COVID-).

METHODS: Participants in this prospective, multicenter, longitudinal registry study were enrolled from December 2020 through August 2022 and completed 3-month follow-up assessments until 12 months after enrollment. Participants were adults (≥18 years) with acute symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 who received a Food and Drug Administration-approved SARS-CoV-2 test. Participants received questions from PROMIS-29 (subscales: physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, social participation, …

Hand Hygiene Roles, Challenges, And Intervention Feedback From School Staff: A Qualitative Analysis, Belize, 2022-2023, Anh N Ly, Christina Craig, Dian Maheia, Yolanda Gongora, Vickie Romero, Rosalva Blanco, Allison Lino, Kelsey Mcdavid, Allison Stewart, Victoria Trinies, Alexandra Medley, Francis Morey, Russell Manzanero, Matthew Lozier, Kristy O Murray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hand hygiene (HH) in school settings can reduce the spread of infectious diseases and student absenteeism due to illness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended HH as a public health measure to prevent disease transmission. Understanding school staff's experiences with school-based programs is important for future program development and improvement. As part of a mixed-methods study, we conducted in-depth interviews in March 2022 with school administrators and teachers at 12 primary schools in Belize, selected based on high gaps in HH resources, to understand HH responsibilities, supplies, and challenges. An intervention was implemented to increase HH knowledge …