Digital Commons Network^™

Pediatric Otolaryngology Trends In Patient Care Volume During Covid-19: A Survey Study, William R Pellegrini, Anna H Messner, Jessica R Levi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: To assess changes in outpatient clinic, inpatient consult, and operative volumes among pediatric otolaryngologists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed to 535 active members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology from April 21, 2020, to May 4, 2020. The questionnaire assessed operative and clinical volumes during a two-week period between April 6, 2020, to April 20, 2020, while restrictions on elective surgery were in place, as compared to an average two-week period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS: Both outpatient clinic and inpatient consult visit volume decreased significantly …

A Rapid, Low-Cost, And Highly Sensitive Sars-Cov-2 Diagnostic Based On Whole-Genome Sequencing, Per A Adastra, Neva C Durand, Namita Mitra, Saul Godinez Pulido, Ragini Mahajan, Alyssa Blackburn, Zane L Colaric, Joshua W M Theisen, David Weisz, Olga Dudchenko, Andreas Gnirke, Suhas S P Rao, Parwinder Kaur, Erez Lieberman Aiden, Aviva Presser Aiden

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is key to managing the current global pandemic, as evidence shows the virus is most contagious on or before symptom onset. Here, we introduce a low-cost, high-throughput method for diagnosing and studying SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dubbed Pathogen-Oriented Low-Cost Assembly & Re-Sequencing (POLAR), this method amplifies the entirety of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. This contrasts with typical RT-PCR-based diagnostic tests, which amplify only a few loci. To achieve this goal, we combine a SARS-CoV-2 enrichment method developed by the ARTIC Network (https://artic.network/) with short-read DNA sequencing and de novo genome assembly. Using this method, we can reliably ( …

Covid-19 And Pregnancy: Clinical Outcomes; Mechanisms, And Vaccine Efficacy, Deepak Kumar, Sonam Verma, Indira U Mysorekar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into its third year, emerging data indicates increased risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, stillbirth, and risk of developmental defects in neonates. Here, we review clinical reports to date that address different COVID-19 pregnancy complications. We also document placental pathologies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, entry mechanisms in placental cells, and immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. Since new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging with characteristics of higher transmissibility and more effective immune escape strategies, we also briefly highlight the genomic and proteomic features of SARS-CoV-2 investigated to …

Distinct Temporal Trajectories And Risk Factors For Post-Acute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Chen Chen, Sairam Parthasarathy, Jacqueline M Leung, Michelle J Wu, Katherine A Drake, Vanessa K Ridaura, Howard C Zisser, William A Conrad, Victor F Tapson, James N Moy, Christopher R Defilippi, Ivan O Rosas, Bellur S Prabhakar, Mujeeb Basit, Mirella Salvatore, Jerry A Krishnan, Charles C Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The understanding of Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) can be improved by longitudinal assessment of symptoms encompassing the acute illness period. To gain insight into the various disease trajectories of PASC, we assessed symptom evolution and clinical factors associated with the development of PASC over 3 months, starting with the acute illness period.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify parameters associated with PASC. We performed cluster and case control analyses of clinical data, including symptomatology collected over 3 months following infection.

RESULTS: We identified three phenotypic clusters associated with PASC that could be characterized as …

Public Mental Health During And After The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic: Opportunities For Intervention, Melissa M Karnaze, Brent M Kious, Lindsay Z Feuerman, Sarah Classen, Jill O Robinson, Cinnamon S Bloss, Amy L Mcguire

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Importance: During the pandemic, the number of United States adults reporting clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression sky-rocketed, up from 11% in 2020 to more than 40% in 2021. Our current mental healthcare system cannot adequately accommodate the current crisis; it is therefore important to identify opportunities for public mental health interventions.

Objective: Assess whether modifiable emotional factors may offer a point of intervention for the mental health crisis.

Design setting and participants: From January 13 to 15, 2022, adults living in the United States were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an anonymous survey.

Main outcomes and …

Burnout During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Report On Pediatric Residents, Linessa M Zuniga, Abigail Schuh, Alan Schwartz, Patricia Seo-Mayer, Rachel Cramton, Kira Sieplinga, Ruchi Kaushik, Lauren Nassetta, Jason H Homme, Jessica Babal, John D Mahan, Maneesh Batra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objective: The Pediatric Resident Burnout and Resilience Consortium (PRB-RSC) has described the epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents since 2016. We hypothesized burnout rates during the pandemic would increase. We explored resident burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to resident perception of workload, training, personal life, and local COVID burden.

Methods: Since 2016, PRB-RSC has sent an annual, confidential survey to over 30 pediatric and medicine-pediatrics residencies. In 2020 and 2021, seven questions were added to explore the relationship of COVID-19 and perceptions of workload, training, and personal life.

Results: In 2019, 46 programs participated, 22 …

Coping During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness And Unstable Housing: A Qualitative Study, Karen Divalerio Gibbs, Jennifer Torres Jones, Whitney Lamark, Sarah Abdulmooti, Lauren Bretz, Kelly D Kearney, Sarah Carter Narendorf, Diane M Santa Maria

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) experience more stressors compared to housed peers, yet little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these youth. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how YAEH perceived the pandemic's impact on their well-being and coping.

METHODS: YAEH were recruited from those participating in an HIV prevention study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysis was guided by Lazarus and Folkman's transactional theory of stress and coping.

RESULTS: Four major themes were identified from interviews with 40 youth: (1) ongoing harms, (2) COVID-19 as a stressor, (3) mental health impacts, …

Physiologic Profile Associated With Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children: A Retrospective Study, Fabio Savorgnan, Alvaro Moreira, Axel Moreira, Ananth Annapragada, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel, Saul Flores, Craig G Rusin, Lara Shekerdemian, Sebastian Acosta

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and physiologic profile of individuals with varying degrees of severity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of children diagnosed with MIS-C admitted to a single quaternary children's hospital from May 2020 to April 2021. We created an MIS-C severity score using the following parameters: hospital admission status (e.g., floor vs intensive care unit), need for inotropic or vasoactive medications, and need for mechanical ventilation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to associate risk factors corresponding to the MIS-C severity score.

RESULTS: …

Gastrointestinal Organoids In The Study Of Viral Infections, J Thomas Gebert, Francesca Scribano, Kristen A Engevik, Jacob L Perry, Joseph M Hyser

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Viruses are among the most prevalent enteric pathogens. Although virologists historically relied on cell lines and animal models, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) continue to grow in popularity. HIOs are nontransformed, stem cell-derived, ex vivo cell cultures that maintain the cell type diversity of the intestinal epithelium. They offer higher throughput than standard animal models while more accurately mimicking the native tissue of infection than transformed cell lines. Here, we review recent literature that highlights virological advances facilitated by HIOs. We discuss the variations and limitations of HIOs, how HIOs have allowed for the cultivation of previously uncultivatable viruses, and how …

From Concept To Delivery: A Yeast-Expressed Recombinant Protein-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Technology Suitable For Global Access, Peter J Hotez, Rakesh Adhikari, Wen-Hsiang Chen, Yi-Lin Chen, Portia Gillespie, Nelufa Y Islam, Brian Keegan, Rakhi Tyagi Kundu, Jungsoon Lee, Zhuyun Liu, Jason T Kimata, Numan Oezguen, Jeroen Pollet, Cristina Poveda, Kay Razavi, Shannon E Ronca, Ulrich Strych, Syamala R Thimmiraju, Leroy Versteeg, Maria Jose Villar-Mondragon, Junfei Wei, Bin Zhan, Maria Elena Bottazzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: The development of a yeast-expressed recombinant protein-based vaccine technology co-developed with LMIC vaccine producers and suitable as a COVID-19 vaccine for global access is described. The proof-of-concept for developing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen as a yeast-derived recombinant protein vaccine technology is described.

Areas covered: Genetic Engineering: The strategy is presented for the design and genetic modification used during cloning and expression in the yeast system. Process and Assay Development: A summary is presented of how a scalable, reproducible, and robust production process for the recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine antigen was developed. Formulation and Pre-clinical Strategy: …

Impact Of Covid-19 In Patients Hospitalized With Stress Cardiomyopathy: A Nationwide Analysis, Adrija Hajra, Aaqib Malik, Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay, Akshay Goel, Ameesh Isath, Rahul Gupta, Suraj Krishnan, Devesh Rai, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Salim S Virani, Gregg C Fonarow, Carl J Lavie

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Stress cardiomyopathy was noted to occur at a higher incidence during coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This database analysis has been done to compare the in-hospital outcomes in patients with stress cardiomyopathy and concurrent COVID-19 infection with those without COVID-19 infection. The National Inpatient Sample database for the year 2020 was queried to identify all admissions diagnosed with stress cardiomyopathy. These patients were then stratified based on whether they had concomitant COVID-19 infection or not. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of mortality. We identified 41,290 hospitalizations for stress …

Religion, Spirituality, And Coping During The Pandemic: Perspectives Of Dementia Caregivers, Katherine Carroll Britt, Kathy C Richards, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Andrea Vanags-Louredo, Eunice Park, Nalaka S Gooneratne, Liam Fry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Religious and spiritual (R/S) practices support individuals during difficult situations. The COVID-19 social distancing restrictions may have limited access to R/S practices for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia (ADRD) and their caregivers, affecting coping and well-being. This qualitative study explored the impact of social distancing on R/S practices and coping in ADRD-caregiver dyads from the perspective of caregivers. Interviews were conducted with 11 family caregivers of older adults with ADRD residing in nursing homes (n = 4) or private homes (n = 7). Caregivers continued individual and started virtual R/S practices which improved their ability to …

Wastewater Pandemic Preparedness: Toward An End-To-End Pathogen Monitoring Program, Justin R Clark, Austen Terwilliger, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Michael Tisza, Juwan Cormier, Sara Javornik-Cregeen, Matthew Clayton Ross, Kristi Louise Hoffman, Catherine Troisi, Blake Hanson, Joseph Petrosino, John Balliew, Pedro A Piedra, Janelle Rios, Jennifer Deegan, Cici Bauer, Fuqing Wu, Kristina D Mena, Eric Boerwinkle, Anthony W Maresso

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Molecular analysis of public wastewater has great potential as a harbinger for community health and health threats. Long-used to monitor the presence of enteric viruses, in particular polio, recent successes of wastewater as a reliable lead indicator for trends in SARS-CoV-2 levels and hospital admissions has generated optimism and emerging evidence that similar science can be applied to other pathogens of pandemic potential (PPPs), especially respiratory viruses and their variants of concern (VOC). However, there are substantial challenges associated with implementation of this ideal, namely that multiple and distinct fields of inquiry must be bridged and coordinated. These include engineering, …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Long Term Physical And Mental Sequelae Of Covid-19 Pandemic: Call For Research Priority And Action, Na Zeng, Yi-Miao Zhao, Wei Yan, Chao Li, Qing-Dong Lu, Lin Liu, Shu-Yu Ni, Huan Mei, Kai Yuan, Le Shi, Peng Li, Teng-Teng Fan, Jun-Liang Yuan, Michael V Vitiello, Thomas Kosten, Alexandra L Kondratiuk, Hong-Qiang Sun, Xiang-Dong Tang, Mei-Yan Liu, Ajit Lalvani, Jie Shi, Yan-Ping Bao, Lin Lu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The long-term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 are a growing public health concern, yet there is considerable uncertainty about their prevalence, persistence and predictors. We conducted a comprehensive, up-to-date meta-analysis of survivors' health consequences and sequelae for COVID-19. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched through Sep 30th, 2021. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of sequelae of COVID-19 were included. Two reviewers independently undertook the data extraction and quality assessment. Of the 36,625 records identified, a total of 151 studies were included involving 1,285,407 participants from thirty-two countries. At least one sequelae symptom occurred in 50.1% (95% …

Dietary Behaviours During Covid-19 Among Households At Risk For Food Insecurity, Maha Almohamad, Allison Marshall, Jayna Markand Dave, Ru-Jye Chuang, Christine Markham, Shreela Sharma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The objective of the present study was to examine associations between variables of COVID-19-related concerns and changes in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among a sample of participants from the Brighter Bites program at risk for food insecurity. Cross-sectional data were collected during April-June 2020 using a rapid-response survey to understand social needs, COVID-19-related concerns and diet-related behaviours among families with children participating in Brighter Bites (

Impact Of The Covid Pandemic On Mental Health And Training Opportunities Of Public Health Residents From 4 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study, Giovanna Failla, Marta Caminiti, José Chen-Xu, Giuseppina Lo Moro, Nausicaa Berselli, Madalena Cabral Ferreira, Filipa Malcata, David Peyre-Costa, Roberto Croci, Giorgia Soldà, Angelo Capodici, Caterina Morcavallo, Francesco Traglia, Fabrizio Cedrone, Ilaria Storti, Alfonso Alonso Jaquete, Martina Antinozzi, Anca Vasiliu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: There is little evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Public Health Residents' (PHR) mental health (MH). This study aims at assessing prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety and stress in European PHR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Between March and April 2021, an online survey was administered to PHR from France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The survey assessed COVID-19 related changes in working conditions, training opportunities and evaluated MH outcomes using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Multivariable logistic regressions were applied to identify risk factors.

RESULTS: Among the 443 respondents, many showed symptoms of depression …

Resident Education And Virtual Medicine: A Faculty Development Session To Enhance Trainee Skills In The Realm Of Telemedicine, Anna E Rueda, Ana C Monterrey, Margaret Wood, Linessa Zuniga, Betty Del Rio Rodriguez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 accelerated the use of telemedicine. Subsequently, clinical sites began conducting virtual visits. Academic institutions implemented telemedicine for patient care and simultaneously had to teach residents the logistics and best practices. To meet this need, we developed a training session for faculty focused on telemedicine best practices and teaching telemedicine in the pediatric realm.

METHODS: We designed this training session based on institutional and society guidelines and faculty experience with telemedicine. Objectives included telemedicine documentation, triage, counseling, and ethical issues in telemedicine. We conducted all sessions in a 60-minute or 90-minute format over a virtual platform for small and …

What Can We Learn From Covid-19?: Examining The Resilience Of Primary Care Teams, Ashley M Hughes, Kelley Arredondo, Houston F Lester, Frederick L Oswald, Trang N D Pham, Cheng Jiang, Sylvia J Hysong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to place an unprecedented strain on the US healthcare system, and primary care is no exception. Primary care services have shifted toward a team-based approach for delivering care in the last decade. COVID-19 placed extraordinary stress on primary care teams at the forefront of the pandemic response efforts. The current work applies the science of effective teams to examine the impact of COVID-19-a crisis or adverse event-on primary care team resilience.

METHODS: Little empirical research has been done testing the theory of team resilience during an extremely adverse crisis event in an applied team setting. …

Chronic Liver Disease-Related Mortality In Diabetes Before And During The Covid-19 In The United States, Donghee Kim, Omar Alshuwaykh, Brittany B Dennis, George Cholankeril, Joshua W Knowles, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Global pandemic of COVID-19 represents an unprecedented challenge. COVID-19 has predominantly targeted vulnerable populations with pre-existing chronic medical diseases, such as diabetes and chronic liver disease.

AIMS: We estimated chronic liver disease-related mortality trends among individuals with diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Utilizing the US national mortality database and Census, we determined the quarterly age-standardized chronic liver disease-related mortality and quarterly percentage change (QPC) among individuals with diabetes.

RESULTS: The quarterly age-standardized mortality for chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis among individuals with diabetes remained stable before the COVID-19 pandemic and sharply increased during the COIVD-19 pandemic …

Accessing Justice With Zoom: Experiences And Outcomes In Online Civil Courts, Victor D. Quintanilla, Kurt Hugenberg, Ryan Hutchings, Nedim Yel

Articles by Maurer Faculty

The global COVID-19 pandemic brought significant change to our civil justice system, particularly in the rapid shift from in-person to remote court proceedings. Courts across the country, facing the unprecedented challenge of a global health emergency, embraced rapid innovation and the adoption of remote proceeding platforms, such as Zoom and Webex. State courts did so across case types, including within high-volume civil dockets containing evictions, debt collections, small claims, and family law cases, where millions of self-represented and unrepresented litigants encounter the U.S. civil justice system each year. Amid the pandemic, voices converged to encourage these justice innovations, including the …

Treatment Of Severe Covid-19 Infection With Remdesivir In Peritoneal Dialysis, Ryan Geffin, Shazia Raheem, Lavannya M Pandit, Andrew S Hunter, Michael W Holliday, Aditya V Rao, Maulin K Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been shown to be correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Remdesivir is an effective non-EUA U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral agent for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients, though a lack of data has prevented its use in patients with severe kidney disease including dialysis patients. Some observational studies report the use of remdesivir in hemodialysis patients, but there are no reports of patients treated with remdesivir on peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis modalities may affect drug pharmacokinetics, and safety and efficiency of remdesivir in peritoneal dialysis …

Vaxi-Dl: An Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Platform For Vaccine Development, P Preeti, Swarsat Kaushik Nath, Nevidita Arambam, Trapti Sharma, Priyanka Ray Choudhury, Alakto Choudhury, Vrinda Khanna, Ulrich Strych, Peter J Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Kamal Rawal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vaccine development is a complex and long process. It involves several steps, including computational studies, experimental analyses, animal model system studies, and clinical trials. This process can be accelerated by using in silico antigen screening to identify potential vaccine candidates. In this chapter, we describe a deep learning-based technique which utilizes 18 biological and 9154 physicochemical properties of proteins for finding potential vaccine candidates. Using this technique, a new web-based system, named Vaxi-DL, was developed which helped in finding new vaccine candidates from bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. Vaxi-DL is available at: https://vac.kamalrawal.in/vaxidl/ .

A Novel Interaction Between Extracellular Vimentin And Fibrinogen In Fibrin Formation, Marina Martinez-Vargas, Adrian Cebula, Lisa S Brubaker, Nitin Seshadri, Fong W Lam, Michele Loor, Todd K Rosengart, Andrew Yee, Rolando E Rumbaut, Miguel A Cruz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Thrombosis is frequently manifested in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation, including sepsis and COVID-19. The coagulopathy in systemic inflammation is often associated with increased levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer. Because elevated levels of vimentin have been detected in sepsis, we sought to investigate the relationship between vimentin and the increased fibrin formation potential observed in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hypothesis was examined by using recombinant human vimentin, anti-vimentin antibodies, plasma derived from healthy and critically ill patients, confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and size exclusion chromatography.

RESULTS: The level of vimentin in plasma derived from critically ill …

Trends In Disease Severity Among Critically Ill Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study In The United States, Catherine E Ross, Jeffrey P Burns, Anne V Grossestreuer, Pallav Bhattarai, Christine A Mckiernan, Jennifer D Franks, Sonja Lehmann, Jill L Sorcher, Matthew P Sharron, Kitman Wai, Haitham Al-Wahab, Konstantinos Boukas, Mark W Hall, George Ru, Anita I Sen, Hariprem R Rajasekhar, Lawrence C Kleinman, John K Mcguire, Amy S Arrington, Flor Munoz-Rivas, Christopher M Osborne, Lara S Shekerdemian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in critical illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that PICU admission rates were higher in the Omicron period compared with the original outbreak but that fewer patients needed endotracheal intubation.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: This study took place in nine U.S. PICUs over 3 weeks in January 2022 (Omicron period) compared with 3 weeks in March 2020 (original period).

PATIENTS: Patients less than or equal to 21 years old who screened positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction or …

Assessing The Impact Of Contact Tracing With An Agent-Based Model For Simulating The Spread Of Covid-19: The Irish Experience, Elizabeth Hunter, Sudipta Saha, Jwenish Kumawat, Ciara Carroll, John Kelleher, Claire Buckley, Conor Mcaloon, Patricia Kearney, Michelle Gilbert, Greg Martin

Articles

Contact tracing is an important tool in managing infectious disease outbreaks and Ireland used a comprehensive contact tracing program to slow the spread of COVID-19. Although the benefits of contact tracing seem obvious, it is difficult to estimate the actual impact contact tracing has on an outbreak because it is hard to separate the effects of contact tracing from other behavioural changes or interventions. To understand the impact contact tracing had in Ireland, we used an agent-based model that is designed to simulate the spread of COVID-19 through Ireland. The model uses real contact tracing data from the first year …

Teaching Dystopia In Dystopian Realities: Trauma-Informed Pedagogy And The Dystopian Novel After Covid-19, Emily Rose Lavrador

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This project advocates for a trauma-informed approach when teaching dystopian literature, particularly those with plague or pandemic plots. To have a truly student-centered approach in the classroom, trauma-informed pedagogy is necessary for students not only to learn comfortably, but to actively be creative or retain information.

Dystopian literature is assigned and consumed at pervasive rates; this popularity calls for additional attention to its teaching. The survey data presented in this project shows that 68 of 100 students had been assigned one or more dystopian texts through school years 2020 onwards, and 72 additionally were seeking out the dystopian genre on …

Changes In Distribution Of Severe Neurologic Involvement In Us Pediatric Inpatients With Covid-19 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children In 2021 Vs 2020, Kerri L Larovere, Amanda R Kolmar, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic involvement was common in children and adolescents hospitalized in the United States for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complications.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic involvement among children and adolescents in 2021.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case series investigation of patients reported to public health surveillance hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-related illness between December 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, in 55 US hospitals in 31 states with follow-up at hospital discharge. A total of 2253 patients were enrolled during the investigation period. Patients suspected of having …

The Role Of Vaccination Route With An Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine In Protection, Viral Control, And Transmission In The Sars-Cov-2/K18-Hace2 Mouse Infection Model, Alexandria Dickson, Elizabeth Geerling, E Taylor Stone, Mariah Hassert, Tara L Steffen, Taneesh Makkena, Madeleine Smither, Katherine E Schwetye, Jianfeng Zhang, Bertrand Georges, M Scot Roberts, John J Suschak, Amelia K Pinto, James D Brien

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is the most effective mechanism to prevent severe COVID-19. However, breakthrough infections and subsequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remain a significant problem. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to be more effective in preventing disease and limiting transmission between individuals as it induces potent responses at mucosal sites.

METHODS: Utilizing a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RBD (AdCOVID) in homozygous and heterozygous transgenic K18-hACE2, we investigated the impact of the route of administration on vaccine immunogenicity, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and survival.

RESULTS: Mice vaccinated with AdCOVID via the intramuscular or intranasal route and subsequently challenged with SARS-CoV-2 showed …

Pregnancy-Induced Differential Expression Of Sars-Cov-2 And Influenza A Viral Entry Factors In The Lower Respiratory Tract, Tusar Giri, Santosh Panda, Arvind Palanisamy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Despite differences in the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease-19 and pandemic influenza in pregnancy, fundamental mechanistic insights are currently lacking because of the difficulty in recruiting critically ill pregnant subjects for research studies. Therefore, to better understand host-pathogen interaction during pregnancy, we performed a series of foundational experiments in pregnant rats at term gestation to assess the expression of host entry factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) and genes associated with innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract. We report that pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in host factors mediating …

Adherence To And Experiences Of K-12 Students In Modified And Standard Home Quarantine During The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic In Missouri, Mary Claire Worrell, Sara Malone, Patrick Dawson, Stephanie A. Fritz, Ebony Thomas, Bre Peeler, Catherine Rains, Sarah C. Tinker, John C. Neatherlin, Lisa Barrios, Jon Mooney, Katie Towns, Jason Newland, Johanna S. Salzer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In November 2020, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Missouri allowed local public health jurisdictions the option to implement a modified quarantine policy allowing kindergarten through 12 (K-12) students with low-risk exposures to continue in-person learning. We assessed adherence to quarantine among participants in modified quarantine and standard home quarantine and the psychosocial impacts of quarantine on students and families.

METHODS: In January-March 2021, as part of an investigation of in-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2, parents of 586 participating K-12 students identified as a close contact with a person with SARS-CoV-2 were sent a survey to assess their activities and psychosocial impacts …