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Articles 991 - 1020 of 2516
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Upwelling And Outwelling Effects On The Benthic Regime Of The Continental Shelf Off Galicia, Nw Spain, E. López-Jamar, R. M. Cal, G. González, R. B. Hanson, J. Rey, G. Santiago, K. R. Tenore
Upwelling And Outwelling Effects On The Benthic Regime Of The Continental Shelf Off Galicia, Nw Spain, E. López-Jamar, R. M. Cal, G. González, R. B. Hanson, J. Rey, G. Santiago, K. R. Tenore
Journal of Marine Research
The benthic regime off the Galician coast of NW Spain was surveyed to assess biogenic enrichment from coastal upwelling and detritus outwelling from the rías, large coastal embayments: the Rías Altas along the northern and the Rías Bajas along the western coast, which have intense mussel aquaculture. Sediment samples were collected from 1984 to 1986 and used for geological, microbiological, and macrofaunal studies. Sub-bottom acoustic profiler records and grab and core samples identified two main mud deposits on the western shelf that were aligned north to south and parallel with the coastline. The major axis of the mud deposit, which …
The Equatorial Basin Response To A Rossby Wave Packet: The Effects Of Nonlinear Mechanism, Hong Ma
The Equatorial Basin Response To A Rossby Wave Packet: The Effects Of Nonlinear Mechanism, Hong Ma
Journal of Marine Research
Responses of the equatorial ocean to a Rossby wave packet, which assumes the form of either a cyclonic or an anticyclonic vortex pair, are simulated with the spectral element shallow water equation model (reduced gravity). We found that during the course of the western boundary reflection of an incoming equatorial Rossby wave packet, strong wave-wave interaction has significant influence on local dynamic and kinetic structures in the western tropical ocean. In the case of the western boundary reflection of a cyclonic Rossby wave vortex pair, the nonlinear effect tends to induce a strong, long-lasting eastward equatorial current; while in the …
The Stability Of A Canonical Front, John Kroll
The Stability Of A Canonical Front, John Kroll
Journal of Marine Research
The stability of a geostrophic frontal current of constant slope over a stratified ocean is investigated using asymptotic techniques for large horizontal wavenumber and a small Burger number. The front is called canonical because it should approximate the edges of eddies or boundary currents. Results show that the front is unstable for an along the front wavenumber greater than f/V0 where V0 is the current velocity. But the instability is confined to a region near the vertex of the front of horizontal extent 0(V0/f). The flow becomes more unstable for increasing …
Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part Ii-Rossby Wave Scattering From The Equatorial Atlantic Western Boundary, Paulo R. Holvorcem, Marcio L. Vianna
Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part Ii-Rossby Wave Scattering From The Equatorial Atlantic Western Boundary, Paulo R. Holvorcem, Marcio L. Vianna
Journal of Marine Research
We develop a linear theory for the scattering of equatorial waves of a fixed frequency ω by islands and continental margins of arbitrary geometry by use of the boundary integral equation (BIE) method of Vianna and Holvorcem (Part I of this work). All the solutions of the equatorial β-plane dispersion relations at frequency ω are treated explicitly through the extensive use of exact Green's functions, so that the approach is more general and more rigorous than previous attempts to solve equatorial scattering problems, many of which employ the low-frequency and long-wave approximations. The numerical solution of the HIE is obtained …
Numerical Modeling Of Larval Settlement In Turbulent Bottom Boundary Layers, Thomas F. Gross, Francisco E. Werner, James E. Eckman
Numerical Modeling Of Larval Settlement In Turbulent Bottom Boundary Layers, Thomas F. Gross, Francisco E. Werner, James E. Eckman
Journal of Marine Research
A time-dependent model of a tidal or wave bottom boundary layer has been developed to quantitatively evaluate the relative influences of vertical advection, turbulent mixing and shear, and near-bed behavior on settlement of planktonic larvae of benthic animals. The settlement behavior of larvae is modeled with a simple flux condition at the bed. This allows full time dependence to be included when determining settlement rates. For tidal oscillations, the model predicts that most settlement will occur at and near periods of slack water, whereas comparatively little settlement will occur during periods of stronger flow. In contrast, there should be little …
Encounter Rate By Turbulent Shear Of Particles Similar In Diameter To The Kolmogorov Scale, P. S. Hill, A. R. M. Nowell, P. A. Jumars
Encounter Rate By Turbulent Shear Of Particles Similar In Diameter To The Kolmogorov Scale, P. S. Hill, A. R. M. Nowell, P. A. Jumars
Journal of Marine Research
To clarify the rate at which particles similar in size to the smallest eddies in a turbulent fluid encounter one another via turbulent shear, 3-D video motion analysis was used to make direct measurements of relative velocities between closely spaced, near-neutrally buoyant, 700-μm mean diameter, polystyrene latex spheres suspended in an oscillating-grid turbulence tank. Smallest eddy size, termed the Kolmogorov scale, λ, was estimated as (ν3/ε)0.25 where ν is fluid viscosity and ε is the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. For runs made in water, the effective particle diameter examined was ≈ 3–6 times …
Seasonal Migration And Distribution Of Female Red King Crabs In A Southeast Alaska Estuary., Robert Paul Stone
Seasonal Migration And Distribution Of Female Red King Crabs In A Southeast Alaska Estuary., Robert Paul Stone
Marine Biology
Seasonal movements and distribution of primiparous and multiparous red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) were monitored approximately weekly for one year in Auke Bay, Alaska, using ultrasonic biotelemetry. Patterns of seasonal movements were generally similar for all crabs, although movements of multiparous crabs were more conservative and coordinated between individuals. Groups of crabs remained in relatively discrete areas for several weeks before moving, usually as a group, to a different area. The annual range of primiparous crabs (x = 11.9 km$\sp2$) exceeded (P $<$ 0.025) that of multiparous crabs (x = 3.6 km$\sp2$). All crabs displayed distinct seasonal shifts in depth distribution and habitat use. Depth distribution was significantly correlated with photoperiod and the abrupt, synchronous movement of crabs between habitats was coincident with thermohaline mixing. Females displayed a highly aggregated distribution, especially during winter in shallowwater areas. Podding behavior of adult crabs was documented for the first time. Possible causes and functions of this highly specialized behavior are discussed.
Thyroid Hormone Binding To Brain Nuclear Extracts During Smoltification In Coho Salmon, L. Michael Cheek
Thyroid Hormone Binding To Brain Nuclear Extracts During Smoltification In Coho Salmon, L. Michael Cheek
Marine Biology
Salmon complete a metamorphosis called smoltification prior to entering salt water. Increased thyroid activity, olfactory imprinting, and chemical and structural changes in the brain are known to occur at this time. This study was undertaken to determine if triiodothyronine (T$\sb3$) binding to brain nuclear extracts changes during smoltification. During this investigation serum thyroxine (T$\sb4$) concentrations increased three fold during smoltification coincident with changes in coloration and morphology and surged again during downstream migration to six times presmolt concentrations. Using ultrafiltration assays, homologous displacement experiments of KCl extracts of recovered brain cell nuclei indicated that maximal binding capacity increased during smoltification …
Separation And Recirculation Of The North Brazil Current, Scott A. Condie
Separation And Recirculation Of The North Brazil Current, Scott A. Condie
Journal of Marine Research
The North Brazil Current separates from the French Guiana coast in the western tropical North Atlantic and a portion of the flow retroflects to form a recirculation zone known as the Demerara Anticyclone. The remainder of the North Brazil Current continues northwestward to join the Guiana Current. This part of the flow may be particularly significant, since it carries a cross-gyre transport of heat and mass from the tropical Atlantic into the subtropical gyre. An extension of the recirculation model of Cessi (1988), in which a quasi-geostrophic flow was driven by potential vorticity anomalies along a boundary, has been used …
Spectral Time Scales For Mid-Latitude Eddies, William J. Schmitz Jr., James R. Luyten
Spectral Time Scales For Mid-Latitude Eddies, William J. Schmitz Jr., James R. Luyten
Journal of Marine Research
A few hundred current meter records of roughly one to two years' duration are now available from diverse locations in the world's oceans, primarily the North Atlantic. The shape of the spectrum for low-frequency ocean current fluctuations is shown to have a geographical distribution related to the general circulation. In the offshore segment of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension systems along with their recirculations, and near the Agulhas Current as well, normalized frequency distributions of eddy kinetic energy tend to be comparatively depth-independent and peaked at the mesoscale. However, in the immediate vicinity of current axes or fronts, spectral …
Optics Of Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates And Ciliates: A Tentative Assessment Of Their Scattering Role In Oceanic Waters Compared To Those Of Bacterial And Algal Cells, André Morel, Yu-Hwan Ahn
Optics Of Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates And Ciliates: A Tentative Assessment Of Their Scattering Role In Oceanic Waters Compared To Those Of Bacterial And Algal Cells, André Morel, Yu-Hwan Ahn
Journal of Marine Research
Heterotrophic nanoflagellates and naked ciliates have been isolated from open sea waters and separately grown by using free living marine bacteria as food. The modal diameters of purified (by differential screening) populations are about 3 and 12.5 μm, respectively. The spectral determination of their absorption and scattering properties have been carried out. By combining these values with the cell number density and size distribution function, simultaneously measured, the efficiency factors for absorption and scattering at the level of individual cells can be derived. From these factors and by using the anomalous diffraction theory, the relative index of refraction can be …
A Model Of The Diel Vertical Migration Of Zooplankton Based On Euphausiids, Valérie Andersen, Paul Nival
A Model Of The Diel Vertical Migration Of Zooplankton Based On Euphausiids, Valérie Andersen, Paul Nival
Journal of Marine Research
A detailed model of the diel vertical migration of euphausiids, particularly that of Meganyctiphanes norvegica adults in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, is presented. It simulates the temporal and vertical variation of the euphausiid biomass over the diel cycle in the water column from 0 to 700 m depth. Migration is influenced by two external factors: food (phyto- and zooplankton) and light. Light is assumed to influence migration both by its intensity with the occurrence of an optimal value, and by its relative change in intensity, which affects the ascent or descent of the organisms. The general features of the diel …
The Accumulation Of Barium By Marine Phytoplankton Grown In Culture, Nicholas S. Fisher, Robert R. L. Guillard, Donald C. Bankston
The Accumulation Of Barium By Marine Phytoplankton Grown In Culture, Nicholas S. Fisher, Robert R. L. Guillard, Donald C. Bankston
Journal of Marine Research
Marine phytoplankton have been implicated as potentially important vectors for the vertical transport of barium in the oceans. To better assess the extent to which phytoplankton can influence the geochemical cycling of barium, its bioconcentration was studied in 21 clones of 19 species of marine phytoplankters belonging to 9 algal classes. Barium levels in the ash ranged from less than 2 μg g–1 for the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the red alga Porphyridium cruenturn to 589 μg g–1 for the flagellate Tetraselmis levis. Concentrations ≥4000 μg g–1, previously reported for certain samples of diatom ash were …
Geostrophic Transport Of The South Equatorial Current In The Atlantic, Lothar Stramma
Geostrophic Transport Of The South Equatorial Current In The Atlantic, Lothar Stramma
Journal of Marine Research
Geostrophic transport calculations from historical data of the equatorial South Atlantic are presented for the investigation of the flow field in the South Equatorial Current region. On the basis of water mass distribution, the potential density surface of σ1 = 32.15 kg m–3 is used as a reference for geostrophic shears. This reference surface is located at a depth of 1000 to 1200 m and represents the boundary between the upper branch of the Circumpolar Deep Water and the Upper North Atlantic Deep Water. The southern band of the South Equatorial Current (SSEC) is fed by the Benguela …
Buoyancy-Driven Circulation As Horizontal Convection On Β-Plane, Nobuo Suginohara, Shigeaki Aoki
Buoyancy-Driven Circulation As Horizontal Convection On Β-Plane, Nobuo Suginohara, Shigeaki Aoki
Journal of Marine Research
The nature of the steady buoyancy-driven circulation is investigated using multi-level numerical models. An ocean which extends over the northern and southern hemispheres is forced by cooling in a confined region and heating in the rest of the ocean through the sea surface. As is already known, the circulation and associated thermal structure strongly depend upon the effect of the vertical diffusivity. This nature of the buoyancy-driven circulation is found in the thermodynamic balance. The vertical diffusion plays an essential role in the whole ocean domain. In counterbalancing the vertical diffusion, the horizontal advection at the deepest levels and the …
Seasonal Variations Of Surface Dynamic Topography In The Tropical Atlantic: Observational Uncertainties And Model Testing, Christine Duchène, Claude Frankignoul
Seasonal Variations Of Surface Dynamic Topography In The Tropical Atlantic: Observational Uncertainties And Model Testing, Christine Duchène, Claude Frankignoul
Journal of Marine Research
A new analysis of the historical temperature and salinity profiles in the tropical Atlantic is done in order to estimate quantitatively the uncertainties in the climatological seasonal variations of 0/400 db dynamic topography. The uncertainties are described by an error covariance matrix which takes into account aliasing and measurement errors, the effect of data gaps and interpolation, as well as the uncertainty of the T-S method that was used to calculate the dynamic height. The standard deviation of the monthly means is found to range between 2 and 10 dyn cm, depending on the data density and the level of …
Direct Measurement Of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Exchange And Denitrification In Individual Polychaete (Nereis Virens) Burrows, Erik Kristensen, Mikael Hjorth Jensen, Robert C. Aller
Direct Measurement Of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Exchange And Denitrification In Individual Polychaete (Nereis Virens) Burrows, Erik Kristensen, Mikael Hjorth Jensen, Robert C. Aller
Journal of Marine Research
The burrows of macroinfauna are significant sites of sediment-water nitrogen exchange and associated microbial activity. In this study, the exchange of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and nitrogen cycle reaction rates were quantified in individual burrows of the estuarine polychaete Nereis virens. Burrow ventilation rate and DIN (NH4+, NO2−, NO3− and N2O) exchange were determined at 22°C in individual, inhabited burrows with and without the presence of C2H2 (an NH4+ oxidation, N2O reduction block). Ventilation cycles were unaffected by C2H2, …
Early Diagenesis Of Chlorophyll-A In Long Island Sound Sediments: A Measure Of Carbon Flux And Particle Reworking, Mingyi Sun, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee
Early Diagenesis Of Chlorophyll-A In Long Island Sound Sediments: A Measure Of Carbon Flux And Particle Reworking, Mingyi Sun, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee
Journal of Marine Research
Sedimentary chlorophyll distributions reflect supply from primary production in overlying waters, transport during sedimentation/bioturbation, and alteration due to decomposition/transformation reactions. In Long Island Sound sediments, seasonal depth profiles of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) often decreased exponentially within a few centimeters of the sediment-water interface, implying that initial decomposition rates of Chl-a were faster than surface sediment mixing rates. The highest surface sediment concentrations of Chl-a occurred in early spring, shortly after the spring bloom; the lowest concentrations occurred in summer. Chl-a was more concentrated at the shallow station (∼15 m) than at the deeper station (∼40 …
Bubbles And The Air-Sea Exchange Of Gases In Near-Saturation Conditions, David K. Woolf, S. A. Thorpe
Bubbles And The Air-Sea Exchange Of Gases In Near-Saturation Conditions, David K. Woolf, S. A. Thorpe
Journal of Marine Research
The net air-sea transfer of gases is not simply proportional to the surface gradient of gas concentration as is widely assumed but, when proper account of bubbles is taken, is asymmetrical with a net invasion of gas at 100% saturation. The nitrogen and oxygen saturation levels and the variation of the composition of a bubble during its lifetime affect the transfer of all gases. The net transfer of gases is not a function of the size and depth of the bubbles and the concentration of dissolved gases alone, but is dependent on the composition of the bubbles and thus the …
Time Scales Of Mesoscale Variability And Their Relationship With Space Scales In The North Atlantic, P. Y. Le Traon
Time Scales Of Mesoscale Variability And Their Relationship With Space Scales In The North Atlantic, P. Y. Le Traon
Journal of Marine Research
A systematic study of characteristic time scales of mesoscale variability over the North Atlantic was done using two years of Geosat data. Time scales are first characterized by 10° latitude by 10° longitude bins. A more detailed description was obtained by globally mapping the Sea Level Anomaly temporal correlation after one cycle (17.05 days). The scales are shortest in areas of high mesoscale activity (Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current) while relatively long time scales are observed over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the eastern part of the basin. In general, time scales are not proportional to space scales. Propagation velocities …
Oxic And Anoxic Decomposition Of Tubes From The Burrowing Sea Anemone Ceriantheopsis Americanus: Implications For Bulk Sediment Carbon And Nitrogen Balance, Erik Kristensen, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller
Oxic And Anoxic Decomposition Of Tubes From The Burrowing Sea Anemone Ceriantheopsis Americanus: Implications For Bulk Sediment Carbon And Nitrogen Balance, Erik Kristensen, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller
Journal of Marine Research
Many marine infaunal animals form organic tube and burrow linings. The role of these materials in organic matter cycling and preservation in sediments is largely unknown. In the case examined here, the infaunal sea anemone, Ceriantheopsis americanus, (a common component of bottom communities along the east coast of North America) forms a leathery, fibrous tube lining 2–3 mm thick, ∼1 cm in diameter, and typically extending 20–30 cm into deposits. Tube fibers (∼2 mm long, 2–5 μm thick) formed from discharged specialized nematocyst cells, ptychocysts, are composed of a silk-like protein copolymer, cerianthin. Tubes incubated under oxic and anoxic conditions …
Conservative Tracer Study Of Horizontal Sediment Mixing Rates In A Bathyal Basin, California Borderland, Robert A. Wheatcroft
Conservative Tracer Study Of Horizontal Sediment Mixing Rates In A Bathyal Basin, California Borderland, Robert A. Wheatcroft
Journal of Marine Research
In situ tracer (50–125 μm plastic particles) experiments conducted using the DSV Alvin over a two year period in the 1240 m deep Santa Catalina Basin (eastern Pacific) have yielded near-surface (0–1.5 cm) horizontal bioturbation rates of order 1–10 cm2yr–1. Vertical biodiffusivities obtained from the same and similar particulate tracers at the same site are approximately an order of magnitude less. Mixing of near-surface, coarse sediment in Santa Catalina Basin is anisotropic. Deeper within the sediment horizontal bioturbation is not diffusive on a two-year time scale, but would appear to be a form of mixing termed …
Sources And Transport Of Suspended Calcites In Pacific Deep Water, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Auger, C. E. Lambert, R. Chesselet
Sources And Transport Of Suspended Calcites In Pacific Deep Water, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Auger, C. E. Lambert, R. Chesselet
Journal of Marine Research
Significantly large concentrations of suspended matter, especially calcites, are found at some locations in the Deep Pacific, particularly at the depth of the Pacific Benthic Thermocline. These particle-rich layers cannot be explained by simple classical settling processes nor by resuspension of the underlying sediment. A theoretical approach based on these data, on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the regional circulation and on some known physical and chemical parameters, leads us to postulate two possible mechanisms: the settling of large particles from surface waters and their preferential disaggregation at some specific depth, particularly at the Pacific Benthic Thermocline depth; or alternatively, the …
Generation And Propagation Of Inertial Waves In The Subtropical Front, Dong-Ping Wang
Generation And Propagation Of Inertial Waves In The Subtropical Front, Dong-Ping Wang
Journal of Marine Research
A primitive-equation numerical model is used to examine the generation and propagation of internal-inertial waves in the Subtropical Front. The mesoscale variability in surface inertial currents is induced by radiation of internal-inertial waves out of the surface layer. On the warm side of the front, surface inertial energy is carried away by normal internal-inertial waves. A deep inertial energy maximum exists at the base of the thermocline where the effective local inertial frequency approaches the planetary inertial frequency. On the cold side of the front, the surface inertial energy is carried away by anomalously low frequency internal waves. A subsurface …
Modeling Of Internal Tides In Fjords, V. Tverberg, B. Cushman-Roisin, H. Svendsen
Modeling Of Internal Tides In Fjords, V. Tverberg, B. Cushman-Roisin, H. Svendsen
Journal of Marine Research
A previous model for the distribution of internal tides above irregular topography is generalized to include arbitrary stratification and a radiation condition at the open boundary. Thanks to a small amount of dissipation, this model remains valid in the presence of resonant internal tides, leading to intense wave-energy beams. An application to a Norwegian fjord correctly reproduces the observed energy pattern consisting of two beams both originating at the 60-meter deep entrance sill and extending in-fjord, one upward toward the surface, the other downward toward the bottom. After correction for the varying width of the fjord, the observed and modelled …
Modeling The Variability Of The Somali Current, D. L. T. Anderson, D. J. Carrington, R. Corry, C. Gordon
Modeling The Variability Of The Somali Current, D. L. T. Anderson, D. J. Carrington, R. Corry, C. Gordon
Journal of Marine Research
The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 16 level general circulation model. Solutions are found for a number of model geometries and wind-forcing patterns. The first integrations reported use a model domain exactly equivalent to that of the layer model of McCreary and Kundu allowing a direct comparison between the level and layer models. In the second set of integrations a more realistic Indian Ocean geometry is used, but still with an idealized wind forcing, while in the third, the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stresses are used to simulate the seasonal cycle. …
On The Structure And Stability Of The Alaskan Stream, R. K. Reed, F. I. Gonzalez, L. Miller
On The Structure And Stability Of The Alaskan Stream, R. K. Reed, F. I. Gonzalez, L. Miller
Journal of Marine Research
Data from a year-long current mooring in the central region of the Alaskan Stream revealed an extremely stable flow unlike that in typical western boundary currents. Hydrographic and ADCP data also showed a simple flow free of excursions or eddies. These findings are in good agreement with a recent analytical model of the Stream. In addition, GEOSAT altimeter estimates of variability are consistent with the observations, suggesting that the results are valid in spite of the relatively large corrections applied at these high latitudes.
Control Of Deep-Sea Benthic Community Structure By Oxygen And Organic-Matter Gradients In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Lisa A. Levin, Cynthia L. Huggett, Karen F. Wishner
Control Of Deep-Sea Benthic Community Structure By Oxygen And Organic-Matter Gradients In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Lisa A. Levin, Cynthia L. Huggett, Karen F. Wishner
Journal of Marine Research
At boundaries of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), bathyal faunas experience steep gradients in oxygen and organic-matter availability. The present study compares changes in microbial, meiofaunal, macrofaunal and megafaunal benthic assemblages along these gradients on Volcano 7, a 2.3-km high seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific. Faunal tolerance to dysaerobic (low oxygen) conditions varies with organism size; microbial and meiofaunal abundances are less affected than macro- and megafaunal abundances. At the exceedingly low concentrations (<0.1 ml/l) encountered on the upper summit of Volcano 7, oxygen appears to exert primary control over abundance, composition and diversity of macrofauna, overriding other factors such as food availability and sediment grain size. When oxygen concentration is sufficient, food availability in sediments (indicated by the presence of labile material such as chlorophyll a) is highly correlated with meiofaunal and macrofaunal abundance. Four distinct physical zones were identified on Volcano 7: (1) the coarse-grained upper summit zone (730–770 …
The Climatological Seasonal Circulation Of The Mediterranean Sea, Eli Tziperman, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
The Climatological Seasonal Circulation Of The Mediterranean Sea, Eli Tziperman, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
Journal of Marine Research
The horizontal circulation of the upper 800 m of the Mediterranean Sea is calculated from a seasonal climatological hydrographic data set using a simple inverse model. The results show a fairly steady surface circulation in the western Mediterranean and a somewhat stronger seasonal signal in the surface circulation of the eastern Mediterranean. The deep flow field can be calculated for most of the Mediterranean, except for the Levantine basin east of Crete, where the high noise level in the data masks the deep circulation. The calculated deep velocity field (below 500 m) shows some interesting features, including several steady cyclonic …
A Carbon Budget For A Eutrophic Marine Ecosystem And The Role Of Sulfur Metabolism In Sedimentary Carbon, Oxygen And Energy Dynamics, P. Sampou, C. A. Oviatt
A Carbon Budget For A Eutrophic Marine Ecosystem And The Role Of Sulfur Metabolism In Sedimentary Carbon, Oxygen And Energy Dynamics, P. Sampou, C. A. Oviatt
Journal of Marine Research
Organic carbon was budgeted for an experimental marine ecosystem which received 21.2 mol C m–2 of allochthonous sewage sludge plus 12.4 mol C m–2 in situ net daytime production over a 99 day experiment. The fate of carbon, in order of importance, was remineralization, storage in the sediments and export. Sediment carbon metabolism was dominated by sulfate reduction which resulted in the dissociation of organic carbon remineralization from oxygen consumption and energy cycling. The sediments were inefficient in processing sedimented carbon and its associated chemical energy. About 70% of the energy reaching the sediments as organic carbon remained …