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Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri
Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri
Tanzania Journal of Science
Many fish behavior and habitats could be defined based on the fish morphology, thus, using the fish body shape, in addition to its genetic characteristics, could be used to infer the type of fish habitat and its characteristics. This study aimed to compare the body shapes of five populations of abu mullet, Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), in Bushehr basin using geometric morphometric method. Some 162 specimens from Hendijan, Genaveh, Helleh, Kaki and Mond rivers were used. Three morphometric characters, total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were measured. Samples were photographed from the left side, then 18 …
Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants And Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Rose J. Masalu, Sai Ngassa, Grace A. Kinunda, Cyprian B. Mpinda
Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants And Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Rose J. Masalu, Sai Ngassa, Grace A. Kinunda, Cyprian B. Mpinda
Tanzania Journal of Science
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and associated opportunistic infections are still global health concerns. Traditional medicines have been used for managing these infections, with little about their biological activities being known. This study evaluated antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activities of medicinal plants; Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Capparis erythrocarpos, and Plectranthus barbatus; and activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of H. madagascariensis, S. ellipticum, P. microcarpa; and ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging …
Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In General Hospital, Minna, Nasiru U. Adabara, Naimat D. Bakinde, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Tijani Salami, Doosuur Iorzua
Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In General Hospital, Minna, Nasiru U. Adabara, Naimat D. Bakinde, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Tijani Salami, Doosuur Iorzua
Tanzania Journal of Science
Possession of virulence factors such as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) by pathogens generally exacerbates morbidity as well as increases healthcare costs. This study determined the production of ESBL among Escherichia coli isolated from the urinary tracts of subjects attending General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) urine samples were collected from subjects and cultured on CLED agar for the isolation of E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, while the phenotypic identification of ESBL-producing strains was carried out using double disk synergy test. All results were interpreted based on Clinical and …
Improved Image Quality In Digital Mammography Using Anti-Scatter Grids, Samson O. Omondi, Peter K. Msaki, Ramadhan R. Kazema, Innocent J. Lugendo
Improved Image Quality In Digital Mammography Using Anti-Scatter Grids, Samson O. Omondi, Peter K. Msaki, Ramadhan R. Kazema, Innocent J. Lugendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Curability and effective management of breast cancer are dependent on its early detection. Early diagnosis strategies focus on providing timely access to breast cancer treatments by reducing barriers and improving access to effective early diagnosis. Mammography is the screening method of choice but suffers from degrading effects of scatter photons obstructing visualization of ductal carcinoma in situ and micro-calcifications in the breast. Quantitative evaluation of scatter suppression by anti-scatter grid using the beam stopper method has been investigated. Breast tissue equivalent phantom, polymethyl methacrylate was evaluated at X-ray mammographic nominal energy ranges. The anti-scatter grid used had aluminium interspace material …
Socio-Demographic Evaluation Of Ownership Levels And Utilization Rates Of Llins Against Malaria Vectors Within Urban Settlements Of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria, Kamilu A. Fasasi, Akinlabi M. Rufai, Damilola H. Familoni, Monsuru A. Adeleke
Socio-Demographic Evaluation Of Ownership Levels And Utilization Rates Of Llins Against Malaria Vectors Within Urban Settlements Of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria, Kamilu A. Fasasi, Akinlabi M. Rufai, Damilola H. Familoni, Monsuru A. Adeleke
Tanzania Journal of Science
Globally, malaria is one of the major endemic diseases of public health importance caused by Plasmodium spp. and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Efforts to eradicate malaria disease are on the decline despite appreciable progress recorded in the past. This warranted holistic review of malaria interventions which include among others, the assessment of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLINs). Adopted questionnaires from Roll Back Malaria (RBM), World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were administered to evaluate ownership levels and utilization rates of LLINs against malaria vectors in urban settlements of Osogbo district, Osun state, Nigeria. Out of …
Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark In Castor Oil-Induced Wistar Rats, Aliyu O. Amuzat, Yakubu Ndatsu, Mohammed J. Adisa, Rukayyah S. Sulaiman, Hadiza Mohammed, Abubakar A. Yusuf, Hauwa M. Ndayako
Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark In Castor Oil-Induced Wistar Rats, Aliyu O. Amuzat, Yakubu Ndatsu, Mohammed J. Adisa, Rukayyah S. Sulaiman, Hadiza Mohammed, Abubakar A. Yusuf, Hauwa M. Ndayako
Tanzania Journal of Science
Vitex doniana is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea-related disorders. In the present study, aqueous extract of Vitex doniana stem bark was evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal effects. Thirty albino rats of average weight 124 ± 4.35 g were distributed into five groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 2 mL of normal saline, 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) loperamide, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bodyweight of aqueous extract of V. doniana stem bark, respectively. The extract was evaluated using feacal characteristics, gastrointestinal motility and enteropooling test. Results for phytochemical screening revealed the …
Annual Committed Effective Doses Of Primordial Radionuclides And Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk To The Consumers Of Some Foodstuffs In Lagos, Southwest Of Nigeria, Olusegun Sowole, Sadudeen Kayode Aliyu
Annual Committed Effective Doses Of Primordial Radionuclides And Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk To The Consumers Of Some Foodstuffs In Lagos, Southwest Of Nigeria, Olusegun Sowole, Sadudeen Kayode Aliyu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Food plays vital role in the survival of man as it provides necessary nutrients to the body in order to carry out the daily activities and also to be in good health. Activity concentrations of 40K, 238Uand 232Th in some foodstuffs from three highly rated markets in Lagos, Southwest of Nigeria have been determined by gamma spectrometry method using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a pre-amplifier base to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA). Fifteen (15) samples of maize flour, yam flour, beans, cassava flour and rice were randomly purchased from the markets: Ketu, Oyingbo and Ikeja. The highest activity concentrations …
Antibacterial Activities Of The Extracts Of Allium Sativum (Garlic) And Allium Cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Al-Hassan A. Abdulrahman, Abdulameen S. Adedeji, Ramatu Abdulsalam, Mary U. Oyedum
Antibacterial Activities Of The Extracts Of Allium Sativum (Garlic) And Allium Cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Al-Hassan A. Abdulrahman, Abdulameen S. Adedeji, Ramatu Abdulsalam, Mary U. Oyedum
Tanzania Journal of Science
Although many antibiotics have been developed against bacterial diseases, the problems of antibiotic resistance and toxicity have made the continuous search for newer drugs an existential necessity. This study determined the phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of both plants at different concentrations were determined against all the test organisms using agar well diffusion method. All the extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals …
Verification Of Depth Dose Curves Derived On Beeswax, Paraffin And Water Phantoms Using Fluka Monte Carlo Code, Khamis O. Amour, Peane P. Maleka, Khamza Maunda, Mohammed S. Mazunga, Peter K. Msaki
Verification Of Depth Dose Curves Derived On Beeswax, Paraffin And Water Phantoms Using Fluka Monte Carlo Code, Khamis O. Amour, Peane P. Maleka, Khamza Maunda, Mohammed S. Mazunga, Peter K. Msaki
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed on the investigation of depth dose curves from beeswax, water and paraffin phantoms using FLUKA Monte Carlo code. In order to test the validity of FLUKA code, computational values of depth doses in water, beeswax and paraffin have been obtained using this code. The relative average coefficient of variation of percentage depth dose was observed to be less than 0.38% between beeswax and water, below 0.2% between water and paraffin and 0.98% between beeswax and British Journal of Radiology supplement 25 data. The deviations of percentage depth doses within the beeswax phantom material were also calculated and …
In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate And N-Hexane Extracts Of Mangifera Indica Leaves, Yunusa O. Ibrahim, Musa B. Busari, Ruqayyah S. Yusuf, Rabiat U. Hamzah
In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate And N-Hexane Extracts Of Mangifera Indica Leaves, Yunusa O. Ibrahim, Musa B. Busari, Ruqayyah S. Yusuf, Rabiat U. Hamzah
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mangifera indica leaves have been in use in folk medicine since ancient time, for the treatment and/or management of numerous health complications. In this study, total phenols and flavonoids contents, as well as in vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of M. indica leaves were determined and compared. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. The total phenols were found to be present in the descending order of; ethanol extract > ethyl acetate extract > n-hexane extract, while flavonoids were observed …
Dengue Vector Distribution And Their Infection Status In Selected Regions In Tanzania, Anitha Philbert, Amina Msonga
Dengue Vector Distribution And Their Infection Status In Selected Regions In Tanzania, Anitha Philbert, Amina Msonga
Tanzania Journal of Science
Dengue fever is an important arboviral infection globally. Tanzania has experienced multiple dengue outbreaks since 2010 leading to mortalities and public distress. Dengue is caused by viruses which are transmitted to humans by vector mosquitoes. Nevertheless, the abundance, distribution and extent of viral infections of these vectors are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize dengue vectors and determine their virus infection rates. Adult mosquitoes were collected from selected regions in Tanzania including Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Coast, and Arusha regions using CO2 baited mosquito magnet traps between December 2018 to February 2019, additional samples were collected …
Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of The Wild Rice (Oryza Longistaminata) Populations In Tanzania Using Microsatellite Markers, Hashim M. Mangosongo, Emerald E. Mneney, Jagger Harvey, Martina Kyallo
Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of The Wild Rice (Oryza Longistaminata) Populations In Tanzania Using Microsatellite Markers, Hashim M. Mangosongo, Emerald E. Mneney, Jagger Harvey, Martina Kyallo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The genetic diversity of 132 samples of the perennial wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) populations from selected districts (Bagamoyo, Kibaha, Kilombero and Mbarali) in Tanzania was evaluated using twenty eight microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out in a total reaction volume of 10 µL, using Touchdown protocol. It was found that all 28 microsatellite markers generated polymorphic patterns, with average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 0.631. Moreover, a total of 243 alleles were detected by the 28 markers, with average of 8.68 alleles per marker. The percentages of genetic variations …
Craniometrics Analysis For Ontogenetic Physiognomy And Sexual Dimorphism In Emin’S Silvery Mole-Rats (Heliophobius Argenteocinereus Emini: Bathyergidae) From Tanzania, Jestina V Katandukila
Craniometrics Analysis For Ontogenetic Physiognomy And Sexual Dimorphism In Emin’S Silvery Mole-Rats (Heliophobius Argenteocinereus Emini: Bathyergidae) From Tanzania, Jestina V Katandukila
Tanzania Journal of Science
Emin’s silvery mole-rat, the Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini belongs to a family Bathyergidae. The Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini (Noak, 1894) isinformation on ontogenetic physiognomy and status of sexual dimorphism in H. a. emini is missing. The present study intended to fill gaps on ontogenetic characteristics and status of sexual dimorphism in these mole-rats by comprehensively examining 55 skulls. Based on teeth eruption and wear, the dental formula of 1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3 is reported for the first time, and subsequently established eight relative age classes. This information was key to the assessment of ontogenetic variations between sexes and age classes. The multidisciplinary …
Comparison Of Seaweed Growth, Fish Abundance And Diversity In Deep Water Floating Raft With Tubular Nets And Shallow Water Off-Bottom Lines Seaweed Farms, Batuli M. Yahya, Saleh A. S. Yahya, Aviti J. Mmochi, Narriman S. Jiddawi
Comparison Of Seaweed Growth, Fish Abundance And Diversity In Deep Water Floating Raft With Tubular Nets And Shallow Water Off-Bottom Lines Seaweed Farms, Batuli M. Yahya, Saleh A. S. Yahya, Aviti J. Mmochi, Narriman S. Jiddawi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study compared the growth performance of Eucheuma denticulatum, fish abundance and diversity between deep water (using tubular nets) versus shallow water (off-bottom) seaweed farming methods. For each farming method, three plots were set and fish abundance, diversity and seaweed growth rates were measured at intervals of 15 days. Belt transects measuring 10 m x 4 m each, were established on seaweed farms for fish observations. Fish were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level by underwater census. The results showed that the growth rate of E. denticulatum in deep water farms was slightly higher at an average daily growth …
A Review On Ecosystem Services And Their Threats In The Conservation Of Nyando Wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya, Joseph K. Maithya, Felix L .M. Ming’Ate, Sammy C. Letema
A Review On Ecosystem Services And Their Threats In The Conservation Of Nyando Wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya, Joseph K. Maithya, Felix L .M. Ming’Ate, Sammy C. Letema
Tanzania Journal of Science
Wetlands are vital ecosystems as they are essential to human health, wellbeing, ecological integrity and national development as well as in the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, despite their contributions to human wellbeing, they have been destroyed and degraded over years. The aim of this paper is to review literature on the ecosystem services in Nyando wetland ecosystem and how they have been helpful to the well-being of its residents and also to determine the threats to the Nyando ecosystem services. A total of 88 documents were reviewed out of 20,400 documents from the Google engine search. It …
Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Chrysophyllum Albidum (G. Don) Stem Bark In Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Female Wistar Rats, Babalola Ola Yusuf, Musa Toyin Yakubu, Musbau Adewumi Akanji
Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Chrysophyllum Albidum (G. Don) Stem Bark In Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Female Wistar Rats, Babalola Ola Yusuf, Musa Toyin Yakubu, Musbau Adewumi Akanji
Tanzania Journal of Science
Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark (AECASB) in female Wistar rats was investigated to confirm or refute the purported use and the underlying mechanism of action of C. albidum stem bark in the management of type 1 diabetes in Nigeria traditional medicine. Seventy female rats (180.60 ± 8.50 g) were assigned into seven groups. Rats in Group 1 (non-diabetic) were orally administered 1 mL of distilled water, while animals in Groups 2-7 were made diabetic and orally administered 1 mL of distilled water, 2.5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of glibenclamide, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg …
Acute Toxicity, Antidiarrhoeal And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanolic Leaf Extract Of Baphia Macrocalyx In Mice, Regina Malekela, Jacob Mwakalinga, Rosta Antony, Flora Stephano
Acute Toxicity, Antidiarrhoeal And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanolic Leaf Extract Of Baphia Macrocalyx In Mice, Regina Malekela, Jacob Mwakalinga, Rosta Antony, Flora Stephano
Tanzania Journal of Science
The aim of the current study was to assess the acute toxicity, antidiarrhoeal and antioxidant potentials of methanolic leaf extract of Baphia macrocalyx (BM) in mice. Acute toxicity test of BM extract was performed based on OECD guideline 423. Results revealed that the extract did not produce any changes in general behaviour, body weight or mortality of the tested mice even at the highest oral administered dose (2000 mg/kg body weight). The antidiarrhoeal effect was examined using castor oil induced diarrhoea test. Results showed that BM extract delayed the onset of diarrhoea, decreased frequency of defaecation and reduced the severity …
Assessment Of Biochemical Changes During Fermentation Process For Production Of Traditional Fermented Cassava Meal “Mchuchume”, Severino Alphonce, Lilian Kaale
Assessment Of Biochemical Changes During Fermentation Process For Production Of Traditional Fermented Cassava Meal “Mchuchume”, Severino Alphonce, Lilian Kaale
Tanzania Journal of Science
“Mchuchume” is a ready to eat fermented cassava food whose production is accomplished by a consortium of microorganisms, some of which may be probiotic in nature and others pathogens to humans and of no use in the fermenting system. This work made characterization of biochemical changes evolved at different times in local (open) and biotechnological (closed) fermentation methods. The study also assessed organoleptic properties of final products. Acidification was observed in the retting water as pH ranged from 6.32 to 4.25 and titratable acidity from 0.02% to 0.32%. A decrease in total reducing sugars (6.59 to 4.03 mg/g) in fermenting …
The Effects Of Milk Components On Lactoperoxidase Activity, Leonard Fweja, Michael Lewis, Alistair Grandison
The Effects Of Milk Components On Lactoperoxidase Activity, Leonard Fweja, Michael Lewis, Alistair Grandison
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study examined the effects of storage conditions (in particular temperature and media composition) and changes in composition of each milk fraction, and of individual components on lactoperoxidase (LP) activity. The enzyme demonstrated a pulsing characteristic especially in samples stored at 5 °C, however, temperature and media composition did not have great effects on the pulsing behaviour of the enzyme. The results also indicated small but statistically significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) in LP activity between whole milk (control) and acid whey, rennet whey and cream and non-significant variations (P > 0.05) between the control and skimmed milk, and between skimmed …
Current Epidemiological Assessment Of Plasmodium Falciparum And Helminth Co-Infections In Children After A Decade Of Implementation Of Control Programs In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Christopher Kisiringyo, Winifrida Kidima
Current Epidemiological Assessment Of Plasmodium Falciparum And Helminth Co-Infections In Children After A Decade Of Implementation Of Control Programs In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Christopher Kisiringyo, Winifrida Kidima
Tanzania Journal of Science
A school based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2018 to assess the burden of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma and soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Mvomero. A total of 374 children (age range = 5–16 years, mean age = 11.3 years) were recruited from five primary schools. Prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were 29.9%, S. haematobium 49.7%, hookworm 20.3%, Ascaris lumbricoides 12.6%, Taenia saginata 0.5% and S. mansoni 0.3%. Malaria parasite density increased with increasing children age (r = 0.99). Only 6.5% (12/186) of S. haematobium infected children were presented with heavy infections, whereas all STH-positive …
Soil-Plant Nutrient Cycling In Old Cocoa Farms In A Part Of South Western Nigerian Forest Belt, Olusola Afolayan
Soil-Plant Nutrient Cycling In Old Cocoa Farms In A Part Of South Western Nigerian Forest Belt, Olusola Afolayan
Tanzania Journal of Science
Apart from pests and diseases, a vital issue in the early mature of cocoa crop in Nigeria is soil nutrient degradation in relation to the ageing of the farms and annual mining of nutrients via yield harvests. Indigenous production of cocoa in southwest Nigeria has been on without fertilizer applications. This is the basis for the reduction average lifespan and productive years of the plantation. The aim of this study was to quantify the rates of soil nutrient losses via cycling channels in old cocoa farm using cocoa beans, leaves, litters, and pod husks in south western Nigeria forest belt. …
Effects Of 15 Local Medicinal Plant Species On Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b And Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1v Activity As Herbal Antidiabetic Type 2 Remedies, Pamhidzai Dzomba, Chidavayenzi Tinevimbo
Effects Of 15 Local Medicinal Plant Species On Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b And Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1v Activity As Herbal Antidiabetic Type 2 Remedies, Pamhidzai Dzomba, Chidavayenzi Tinevimbo
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed at investigating plant species that are used locally in Zimbabwe to manage diabetes type 2 and their respective modes of action using in vitro studies. The plants for this study were identified by ethnobotanical studies and their respective antidiabetic potentials were evaluated using protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition assays. Out of the 15 plant species used to manage diabetes in traditional practices, 9 inhibited PTP 1B with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.03 ± 0.00 to 61.31 ± 0.70 µg/mL. The mechanism of inhibition deduced from Lineweaver-Burk …
Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Maize And Maize Products From Selected Locations Of Tanzania And The Effects Of Cooking Preparation Processes On Toxin Levels, Macarius Mtega, Clarence Mgina, Eliangiringa Kaale, Kessy Kilulya
Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Maize And Maize Products From Selected Locations Of Tanzania And The Effects Of Cooking Preparation Processes On Toxin Levels, Macarius Mtega, Clarence Mgina, Eliangiringa Kaale, Kessy Kilulya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The production and storage of food crops in different countries is affected by aflatoxins contamination, which are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to human beings and domestic animals. This study investigated on the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize products and the effects of cooking preparation processes on their concentrations. The maize samples were collected from fields, farmers' stores and markets of selected locations in Tanzania (i.e., Kongwa and Njombe districts). Extracted samples were analyzed for aflatoxins using high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of aflatoxins in maize and maize products ranged from below detection limit to 9.99 ± 1.43 …
Extraction, Derivatization, Characterization And Antifungal Investigation Of Limonene From Citrus Sinensis Peels, Ita Uwidia, Bodunde Owolabi, Richard Okafor
Extraction, Derivatization, Characterization And Antifungal Investigation Of Limonene From Citrus Sinensis Peels, Ita Uwidia, Bodunde Owolabi, Richard Okafor
Tanzania Journal of Science
Limonene, a cyclic monoterpene is the main component in citrus oils. Oranges (Citrus sinensis) were sourced from a local market, peeled and the peels collected for this study. The orange peels were distilled using steam distillation to obtain the oil. The oil obtained was then distilled to obtain a pure colourless form of limonene (95%). The limonene (2 ml) was dissolved in dry chloroform (25 ml) and freshly distilled hydroiodic acid (57%; boiling point 127 °C) to give the derivative iodo-limonene (1.4 g; 30% yield). Another reaction of epoxidation of limonene was carried out by reacting limonene with hydrogen peroxide …
Comparison Of Prescribed From Delivered Dose To Cancer Of Cervix Patients Treated By Theratron Equinox 80 Cm Source-To-Axis Distance (Sad) Technique At Ocean Road Cancer Institute In Tanzania, Khamis Amour, Khamza Maunda, Najat K. Mohammed, Peane Maleka, Peter Msaki
Comparison Of Prescribed From Delivered Dose To Cancer Of Cervix Patients Treated By Theratron Equinox 80 Cm Source-To-Axis Distance (Sad) Technique At Ocean Road Cancer Institute In Tanzania, Khamis Amour, Khamza Maunda, Najat K. Mohammed, Peane Maleka, Peter Msaki
Tanzania Journal of Science
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate deviations between prescribed from delivered dose for cervical cancer patients treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute using Equinox 80 Tele-cobalt machine. In this work, anterior-posterior (AP) and posterior-anterior (PA) fields using Source-to-Axis Distance (SAD) technique was used. Measurements of entrance doses were taken using calibrated diode detector in three groups of patients. In group 1, only 15 patients out of 31 curative intent patients received doses lower than ± 5% of 2 Gy as compared to the prescribed dose. In group 2, 1 measurement was done for 9 patients who …
Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola And Buchholzia Coriacea Seeds, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Moshood Olorunkemi, Musa Busari, Rabiat Hamzah, Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke
Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola And Buchholzia Coriacea Seeds, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Moshood Olorunkemi, Musa Busari, Rabiat Hamzah, Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke
Tanzania Journal of Science
Comparative in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola and Buchholzia coriacea seeds were carried out using 2, 2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Total phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids constituents of the samples were also determined. G. kola seeds contained higher concentrations of secondary metabolites compared to B. coriacea seeds except flavonoids. Both G. kola and B. coriacea exhibited minimum percentage inhibition when compared with the gallic acid. However, B. coriacea exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage DPPH scarvenging activities (44.66%) when compared with G. kola (43.62%) at maximum concentration of 100 µg/mL. G. kola on the other hand, showed higher percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation when compared with B. coriacea at all tested concentrations. Percentage FRAP by B. coriacea was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than G. kola at 100 µg/mL (46.65%, and 38.35%, respectively) and 50 µg/mL (38.75%, and 46.05%, respectively), while lower percentage FRAP of the G. kola than B. coriacea were recorded at 25 µg/mL (24.26% and 38.24%, respectively) and 12.5 µg/mL (34.41% and 37.41%, respectively). Therefore, Garcinia kola and B. coriacea showed appreciable antioxidant activities at varying concentrations and this may be due to the presence of various phenolic compounds in both samples Keywords: Buchholzia coriacea; Garcinia kola; Antioxidant; DPPH free radicals; Secondary metabolites.
Effects Of Onion Juice And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Juice On The Shelf Life Of Sugarcane Juice, Joshua Boniface, Lilian Kaale, Hildelitha Msita, Leonard Rweyemamu
Effects Of Onion Juice And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Juice On The Shelf Life Of Sugarcane Juice, Joshua Boniface, Lilian Kaale, Hildelitha Msita, Leonard Rweyemamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Effects of onion juice and Moringa oleifera leaf juice on the shelf life of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivar R579 juice were studied. R579 sugarcane cultivar was selected based on its juice yield (1500 ml/2.5 kg) compared to Saccharum officinarum cultivars R570 (1000 ml/2.5 kg), Bungara (1200 ml/2.5 kg) and Galagaza (800 ml/2.5 kg). The concentrations for onion and Moringa oleifera leaf juice were chosen based on recommended dietary allowance (RDA) where design expert software was used to establish the ratios. There was a significant growth of microbes in non-pasteurized sugarcane juice and stored at room temperature. The yeast/mould and Leuconostoc …
Genetic Diversity Among Tilapia Species Farmed At Chita In Kilombero, Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Mussa G. Mndeme, Amon P. Shoko, Samwel M. Limbu, Chacha J. Mwita
Genetic Diversity Among Tilapia Species Farmed At Chita In Kilombero, Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Mussa G. Mndeme, Amon P. Shoko, Samwel M. Limbu, Chacha J. Mwita
Tanzania Journal of Science
The development of aquaculture industry in Tanzania cannot cope with the expected substantial increase in demand for fish and fish products due to several bottlenecks including unavailability of good quality feeds and fingerlings. Fish farmers often complain about slow growth rate of the farmed fish necessitating genetic characterization. This study identified and determined the genetic diversity of tilapia species farmed in Kilombero Districts at Chita earthen ponds. Fish samples were collected from nine earthen ponds belonging to small-scale fish farmers for genetic characterization. Total DNA was extracted by using the phenol-chloroform technique. The genetic diversity was calculated by using the …
Evaluation Of The Potential Of Freshly Bred Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Varieties In Combating Vitamin A Deficiency, Badi M. Bao, Leonard W.T. Fweja
Evaluation Of The Potential Of Freshly Bred Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Varieties In Combating Vitamin A Deficiency, Badi M. Bao, Leonard W.T. Fweja
Tanzania Journal of Science
Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is advocated as a rich and readily accessible source of vitamin A. This study was done to evaluate the potential of the newly bred OFSP varieties in combating vitamin A deficiency. OFSP varieties and white fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) varieties were used for the study. β-carotene was extracted with acetone and its spectrophotometric reading at 450 nm used to calculate its concentration. The optimum amount of OFSP required to meet vitamin A needs for children of different age groups were established. Results indicate that β-carotene was below detection levels in WFSP varieties but was detectable in …
A Survey Of Fish Parasites From Pangani Catchment And Lake Kitangiri In Singida, Tanzania, Fred D. Chibwana, Johnson G. Mshana, Jestina V. Katandukila
A Survey Of Fish Parasites From Pangani Catchment And Lake Kitangiri In Singida, Tanzania, Fred D. Chibwana, Johnson G. Mshana, Jestina V. Katandukila
Tanzania Journal of Science
Inland water fisheries are a significant source of dietary protein to human populations, and consequently they are essential economic activities worldwide. However, both natural waters and aquaculture systems, which form the freshwater fisheries are faced with a problem of fish parasitic diseases which may result in reduced productivity and market value. The present study, therefore, carried out a survey on fish parasites from the Pangani catchment (Nyumba ya Mungu dam and Lake Jipe) and Lake Kitangiri in Singida Region in Tanzania to seal the gap of occurrence, diversity and abundance of helminths. Three species of fish viz. 111 African sharptooth …