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Insecticidal Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Five Nigerian Aromatic Spices Against Garden Eggplant Defoliators And Fruit Borer Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee: Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Juliana A. Ugwu, Kehinde T. Kareem, Julius O. Aluko
Insecticidal Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Five Nigerian Aromatic Spices Against Garden Eggplant Defoliators And Fruit Borer Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee: Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Juliana A. Ugwu, Kehinde T. Kareem, Julius O. Aluko
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study evaluated the prospects of aqueous extracts of five Nigerian spices against garden eggplant defoliators and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) in the field. The treatments consisted of Piper guineense (black pepper), Aframomum melegueta (aligator pepper), Eugenia aromatica (cloves), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Capsicum annum (chilli pepper) and untreated check (control). All the aqueous extracts evaluated reduced leaf damaged by defoliators on garden eggplant compared to control. P. guineense, with mean value of 11.02 number of perforations, was the most effective against defoliators, followed by E. aromatica (12.97) reducing leaf damage by 39.64 and 28.74%, respectively. However, their efficacies against defoliating …
Potency Of Dioscorea Sansibarensis (Dioscoreaceae) Leaf Eluates On Callosobruchus Chinensis, Linnaeus 1758 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) In The Protection Of Phaseolus Vulgaris (Fabaceae), Godfrey O. Mauti
Tanzania Journal of Science
Post-harvest losses of stored Phaseolus vulgaris to the bean weevil Callosobruchus chinensis have reached levels of significant concern. Governments and health organisations propose the discovery of reliable, healthy and biodegradable pesticides with higher selectivity and a broad spectrum. This study presents investigations on the activities of Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf extracts on the mortality of C. chinensis and reduction of their egg-laying ability. Laboratory experiments under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were carried out to determine the mortality and anti-oviposition activity of the vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) eluates of n-hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EE), n-butanol (BE) and methanol (BE) at …
Local Communities’ Awareness On Payments For Ecosystem Services For Improved Livelihood And Conservation Of Nyando Wetland, Kenya, Joseph K. Maithya, Felix L.M. Ming’Ate, Sammy C. Letema
Local Communities’ Awareness On Payments For Ecosystem Services For Improved Livelihood And Conservation Of Nyando Wetland, Kenya, Joseph K. Maithya, Felix L.M. Ming’Ate, Sammy C. Letema
Tanzania Journal of Science
Nyando wetland provides several ecosystem goods and services, i.e., provisioning, cultural, supporting and regulating which are essential for human well-being for making life possible and worth living. Payment for Ecosystem Services presents one key question in current literature on whether local communities are aware of ecosystem services provided by wetlands. This paper contributes to the understanding of the local community’s level of awareness of the ecosystem services provided by Nyando wetland in Kenya as a strategy to improve protection of wetlands. The study is significant as it proposes policy options that can assist conservation authorities and local communities in management …
Generalizations Of Integral Inequalities Similar To Hardy’S Inequality, Gabriel Nshizirungu, Marco Mpimbo, Vedaste Mutarutinya
Generalizations Of Integral Inequalities Similar To Hardy’S Inequality, Gabriel Nshizirungu, Marco Mpimbo, Vedaste Mutarutinya
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this paper, we established the generalizations of integral inequalities similar to Hardy’s inequality. Keywords: Hardy’s inequality, Integral inequalities, similar version, Hlder’s inequality, Generalizations.
On The Convergence Of Orbits In Sequence Space L^2, Marco Mpimbo
On The Convergence Of Orbits In Sequence Space L^2, Marco Mpimbo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Abstract This paper discusses the convergence of orbits for diagonal operators defined on . In particular, the basis elements of are obtained using the linear combinations of the elements of the orbit. Furthermore, via the classical result of the determinant of the Vandermonde matrix, it is shown that, the more the elements of the orbit are used, the faster the convergence of the orbit to the basis elements of . Keywords: Diagonal operators, Convergence of Orbits of operators, Vandermonde matrix, Norm topology.
Zooarchaeology And Taphonomic Aspects Of Later Stone Age Faunal Assemblage From Loiyangalani Site In Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Frank Masele
Tanzania Journal of Science
The paper presents detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomic results on the Later Stone Age (LSA) faunal assemblage. The contributions of various taphonomic agents in the formation of the assemblage are accentuated. The assemblage is well-preserved and the majority of specimens are not highly weathered. Fluvial disturbance did not play a significant role and can be ruled out as a significant taphonomic agent in the formation. Results indicate that LSA humans exploited high-quality nutritional resources mainly of the large-sized animals and aquatic resources as extra sources of meat and fat. The assemblage preserves stone tools butchery marks (cut marks and percussion marks) …
Prunus Africanus Herbal Extracts Reverse And Ameliorate The Histological And Histomorphometric Changes In Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Rat Models, Felix P. William, Denis A. Russa
Prunus Africanus Herbal Extracts Reverse And Ameliorate The Histological And Histomorphometric Changes In Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Rat Models, Felix P. William, Denis A. Russa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign proliferative disease among men during aging. The herbal extract of P. africanus has been used for the treatment of BPH since time immemorial. However microstructural changes of this extract to the prostate of animal or human models are still elusive. Therefore, histological and histomorphometric changes in rats with testosterone-induced BPH due to P. africanus herbal extracts were investigated. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (200 ± 50 g) were divided into four groups each with 7 rats. Group 1 (Negative control) was given 2 ml/day of olive oil subcutaneously and 2 ml/day of …
Assessment Of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential In African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Reared In Fluoride Rich Water, Jophillene Bejumula, Revocatus L Machunda, Liliane J Pasape, Kelvin M Mtei
Assessment Of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential In African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Reared In Fluoride Rich Water, Jophillene Bejumula, Revocatus L Machunda, Liliane J Pasape, Kelvin M Mtei
Tanzania Journal of Science
Fluoride bioaccumulation in fish poses a significant impact on their growth, survival and consequently to upper trophic levels. Few studies have reported the impacts of high fluoride concentrations and their accumulation potential to catfish in African settings. A 60-day catfish cultivation was conducted at Ngarenanyuki ward and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania to determine fluoride bioaccumulation and its impacts to catfish growth and survival. Juvenile catfish were exposed to 36 mg F–/L pond water and synthetic water containing fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 5, 15, 36 and 45 mg/L in aquaria set at …
Larvicidal Potency Of Dioscorea Sansibarensis Leaf Extract Against Vector Mosquitoes: Anopheles Gambiae S.S. And Culex Quinquefasciatus, Anitha Philbert
Larvicidal Potency Of Dioscorea Sansibarensis Leaf Extract Against Vector Mosquitoes: Anopheles Gambiae S.S. And Culex Quinquefasciatus, Anitha Philbert
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of illnesses of public health importance including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, and many other diseases caused by viruses. Vector control using synthetic insecticides has been the cornerstone for management of vector-borne diseases. However, the chemical based interventions have not been sustainable due to emergency of resistance against insecticides among disease vectors. Plant based mosquitocidal products can be potential alternative tools in vector control. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the larvicidal properties of Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf extract against malaria and lymphatic filariasis vectors; Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal activities of …
Application Of Linguistic/Non-Numeric Fuzzy Aggregation To The Ranking Of Processed Crops, David Koloseni
Application Of Linguistic/Non-Numeric Fuzzy Aggregation To The Ranking Of Processed Crops, David Koloseni
Tanzania Journal of Science
A non-numeric fuzzy aggregation approach is applied for the fusion of information obtained from farmers and experts for evaluation and selection of alternatives under multiple criteria. The technique has the ability to assign linguistic variable to fused information and find consensus of gathered opinions from a number of experts on crop processing for each processed crop. The technique is illustrated with a crop processing problem by adding value to the crop and increase income to entrepreneurs. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to the ranking of the processed crops based on the expert’s opinions, thus obtaining best preferences based …
Determination Of 40k, 226ra And 228ra Concentrations With Dose Rates In Crayfish From Ode Omi River And Radiological Implications To The Consumers, Olusegun Sowole, Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Muyideen O Olagunju
Determination Of 40k, 226ra And 228ra Concentrations With Dose Rates In Crayfish From Ode Omi River And Radiological Implications To The Consumers, Olusegun Sowole, Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Muyideen O Olagunju
Tanzania Journal of Science
Natural radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are found naturally in water and sediments of rivers, likewise in soils. They are transferred to aquatic animals through ingestion. Radioactivity concentrations and dose rates of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in crayfish species from Ode Omi River in coastal region, Ogun State Southwest of Nigeria were determined by gamma spectrometry using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a pre-amplifier base to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA). 15 samples of crayfish were collected. Cherax tenuimanus had the highest mean concentration and dose rate of values 106.87 ± 9.11 Bq kg–1 and 0.00960 mGy hr–1 …
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some New Sulfonyl Phenoxides, Oluwaseyi B Ovonramwen, Bodunde J Owolabi, Abiodun Falodun
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some New Sulfonyl Phenoxides, Oluwaseyi B Ovonramwen, Bodunde J Owolabi, Abiodun Falodun
Tanzania Journal of Science
Four new sulfonyl phenoxides were synthesized through O-sulfonylation reaction of phenolic compounds with 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride in good yield. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT 135 NMR were carried out to characterize and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) confirm the purity. Antimicrobial activities of the sulfonyl phenoxides against Gram-positive (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), and Candida albicans were carried out using the standard microbiological method. The antimicrobial activities were referenced to ciprofloxacin and itraconazole, antibacterial and antifungal drug respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial studies of 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl(4-chloro-3-methyl)phenoxide and 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl-2-methylphenoxide showed moderate activity …
Assessment Of The Quality And Quantity Of Organic Matter In The Rufiji Mangrove Surface Sediments Using Biochemical Composition, Daniel A Shilla
Assessment Of The Quality And Quantity Of Organic Matter In The Rufiji Mangrove Surface Sediments Using Biochemical Composition, Daniel A Shilla
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study was carried out to investigate spatial changes in the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove system, Tanzania. Sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites. Total organic matter in mangrove sediments ranged from 7.28 ± 2.02% to 10.58 ± 1.34%. Protein concentrations varied from 1,145.33 ± 20.33 μg/g to 2,747.50 ± 25.14 μg/g in the mangrove sediments. Total carbohydrates, lipids and biopolymeric carbon in mangrove sediments ranged between 1,110.50 ± 16.31 μg/g and 1,914.17 ± 27.79 μg/g, 1,436.50 ± 24.13 μg/g and 6,373.50 ± 25.79 μg/g, and 4,496 μg C/g and 10,231.50 μg …
Amending Traditional Substrate Rice Straw With Agroforestry Tree Foliage Increases Production Cycle And Nutritional Value Of Pleurotus Floridanus, Samora M Andrew, John R Mbwambo
Amending Traditional Substrate Rice Straw With Agroforestry Tree Foliage Increases Production Cycle And Nutritional Value Of Pleurotus Floridanus, Samora M Andrew, John R Mbwambo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The recent heightened attention on mushrooms has not considered shortening the production time and increasing nutritional value using substrates from agroforestry trees in addition to traditionally used agro-industrial residues. This study therefore, examined harvesting time, protein and essential minerals of Pleurotus floridanus grown on rice straw amended with Gliricidia sepium foliage in Morogoro, Tanzania. Mushrooms were cultivated in 30 x 40 cm 4 kg dry weight polythene bags in randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. Results showed that the addition of 5% G. sepium into rice straw reduced total time between spawning and first harvest of P. floridanus. Gliricidia sepium …
Screening Of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi In Maize And Groundnuts From Three Regions In Tanzania, Kusiluka Agape, Valence Mk Ndesendo, Sartaz Begum
Screening Of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi In Maize And Groundnuts From Three Regions In Tanzania, Kusiluka Agape, Valence Mk Ndesendo, Sartaz Begum
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study screened aflatoxin-producing fungi in maize and groundnuts from Dodoma, Singida and Iringa regions in Tanzania, and assessed the level of peoples’ awareness on aflatoxins health effects. One hundred and twenty samples (20 each crop) were collected and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and one hundred and eleven samples were observed to have fungal growths that were identified to belong to four genera, namely Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Dermatophyte with occurrence frequencies of 75, 2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively. Among the four screened genera of fungi, Aspergillus was observed to be the major aflatoxin-producing fungi. Five species of genus …
Pathological Scanning Of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Impaired Feed In Vivo, Towards Conceptualizing Their Reverberations On Different Organs, Benjamin T Thomas, Omolara D Popoola, Moses O Efuntoye, Mercy O Coker, Ahmed O Tajudeen
Pathological Scanning Of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Impaired Feed In Vivo, Towards Conceptualizing Their Reverberations On Different Organs, Benjamin T Thomas, Omolara D Popoola, Moses O Efuntoye, Mercy O Coker, Ahmed O Tajudeen
Tanzania Journal of Science
The role of ochratoxigenic moulds in causing several invasive diseases has been documented but little is known about the effects of these ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feeds in a laboratory control experiment. This study therefore, examined the pathological effects of ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feed in order to understand their reverberations on different organs. Thirty two albino rats were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 and T2 were female and male control rats, respectively that were fed normal feed, while T3 and T4 were male and female experimental rats that …
Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effects Of Calotropis Procera’S Latex, Leaves And Roots Extracts, Marco Baluhya, Charles O Joseph
Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effects Of Calotropis Procera’S Latex, Leaves And Roots Extracts, Marco Baluhya, Charles O Joseph
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial potential of water and ethanolic extracts from Calotropis procera roots, leaves and latex. The growth inhibitory effects of the extracts were tested against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method. Amoxicillin was used as positive control, whereas ethanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. Results showed that water extracts from root, latex and leaves had 3.27 ± 0.14, 3.1 ± 0.21 and 2.38 ± 0.24 cm of maximum inhibition zones, while the ethanolic extracts showed 2.91 ± 0.19, 3.02 ± 0.16 and 0.84 ± 0.31 cm, respectively of maximum inhibition …
Potential Of Fungi Isolated From Diesel Contaminated Soil To Degrade Diesel, Oluwafemi Oyewole, Ramat Raji, Suzan Okeke, Gift Chukwuma, Japhet Yakubu
Potential Of Fungi Isolated From Diesel Contaminated Soil To Degrade Diesel, Oluwafemi Oyewole, Ramat Raji, Suzan Okeke, Gift Chukwuma, Japhet Yakubu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Diesel is a complex mixture and a common pollutant, consisting mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons ranging from C9 to C23 and a number of aromatic compounds. The main purpose of this study was to isolate fungi from diesel contaminated soil for biodegradation of diesel contaminated soil. Two fungal species (Aspergillus flavus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were isolated from a diesel contaminated site using cultural and biochemical characterisation. The isolates were screened for their ability to utilize diesel as carbon source. The biodegradation rate of the fungi isolated was measured by determining the optical density using spectrophotometry. The fungal isolates were further tested …
Isolation And Quantification Of Flavonoids From Kigelia Africana (Lam.) Benth Fruit And Bark And Their Antiradical And Antibacterial Activities, Pamhidzai Dzomba, George Mhini
Isolation And Quantification Of Flavonoids From Kigelia Africana (Lam.) Benth Fruit And Bark And Their Antiradical And Antibacterial Activities, Pamhidzai Dzomba, George Mhini
Tanzania Journal of Science
Kigelia africana is an evergreen deciduous tree used in Zimbabwe folklore medicine for wound and diabetes ulcers healing. This paper reports the isolation and quantification of flavonoids from stem barks and fruits of K. africana as well as their antibacterial and antiradical activities. Flavonoids in ethanol and ethyl-acetate extracts were quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and were found to be 213.490 ± 0.001 mg/L and 36.614 ± 0.001 mg/L, respectively per quercetin equivalent. The preparative and analytical thin layer chromatography was used to profile the flavonoids from fruits and barks using ethyl-acetate and petroleum ether (3:7 v/v) mobile solvent systems. Ethanol …
Antibacterial Activities Of Hyphaene Thebaica (Doum Palm) Fruit Extracts Against Intestinal Microflora And Potential Constipation Associated Pathogens In Yola Metropolis, Nigeria, Joel Ewansiha, Chidimma Ugo, Damaris Kolawole, Lilian Orji
Antibacterial Activities Of Hyphaene Thebaica (Doum Palm) Fruit Extracts Against Intestinal Microflora And Potential Constipation Associated Pathogens In Yola Metropolis, Nigeria, Joel Ewansiha, Chidimma Ugo, Damaris Kolawole, Lilian Orji
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed at determining the antibacterial activities of Hyphaene thebaica fruit extracts against some intestinal constipation associated bacteria. Qualitative analysis of some phytochemical constituents, agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to determine the zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts. Phytochemical components viz flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and steroids were detected in the plant extracts, and the test organisms were susceptible to the plant extracts. The diameter zone of inhibition (DZI) obtained with n-hexane extract ranged from 15.10 ± 0.51 mm to 2.0 ± 0.55 mm against K. …
Forest Structure And Climate Change Mitigation Potential: A Case Of Wilolesi And Ikonongo Forested Hills In Iringa Municipality, Tanzania, Evarist Fundisha, Hamidu Seki, Anasia Saria
Forest Structure And Climate Change Mitigation Potential: A Case Of Wilolesi And Ikonongo Forested Hills In Iringa Municipality, Tanzania, Evarist Fundisha, Hamidu Seki, Anasia Saria
Tanzania Journal of Science
Vegetation plays major roles in carbon storage and ecosystem functioning by modifying the rate of carbon fluxes thereby mitigating climate change. However, the focus of assessing the potentials for different vegetation on climate change mitigation has for so long been conducted outside cities, towns and municipalities. This study was conducted in Wilolesi and Ikonongo hills located in Iringa as representative of the Municipality forested hills in Tanzania to assess vegetation structure and their potential for climate change mitigation. Random sampling technique was employed to establish 20 rectangular plots of 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) in each hill to …
Effects Of Drying, Packaging Conditions And Storage Time On Proximate Composition Of Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica), Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela, Leonard Rweyemamu, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian Kaale
Effects Of Drying, Packaging Conditions And Storage Time On Proximate Composition Of Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica), Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela, Leonard Rweyemamu, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian Kaale
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effects of drying, packaging conditions and storage time on proximate composition of chia seeds were investigated. Chia seeds were dried at 63 °C for 30 min (low-temperature long time–LTLT) and at 75 °C for 30 s (high-temperature short time-HTST) using dry oven, air/vacuum-packed and stored for ten weeks. The effect of heat processing (drying) on chia seeds had significant difference (p < 0.05) in ash, fiber and fat contents while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in moisture and protein contents. Except for fiber content, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in moisture, ash, fat and protein of chia seeds dried at LTLT and HTST before storage. During storage time, there was …
Effects Of Plant Species Diversity And Biomass On Grazing Patch Selection By Semi Free-Ranging Cattle, Samora Andrew
Effects Of Plant Species Diversity And Biomass On Grazing Patch Selection By Semi Free-Ranging Cattle, Samora Andrew
Tanzania Journal of Science
Studies examining forage selection by large herbivores have generally focused on single herbivore-plant relationships and few studies link plant species diversity with large herbivore feeding preferences, particularly in species-rich ecosystems. A study was therefore conducted to examine how herbaceous plant biomass, species richness, diversity and evenness, together with elevation and distances to houses, agricultural fields and cattle holding-pen areas (kraals), predict cattle grazing intensity at small (0.5 x 0.5 m) and large (20 x 50 m) patches by semi free-ranging indigenous cattle in Kilombero Valley Floodplain wetland Tanzania. Results showed that cattle grazed patches with high species richness and intermediate …
Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick
Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick
Tanzania Journal of Science
Five agro-wastes, namely: cassava peels, Irish potato peels, Jatropha curcas seeds, Moringa oleifera seeds and rice husks were investigated as plant-based coagulants for turbidity and microbial load removal from sewage wastewater. Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seeds before usage were defatted with 95% ethanol and the active coagulating component was extracted with 1.0 M NaCl. For the other three agro-wastes, their ashes were evaluated for turbidity and microbial load removal. The ash was prepared through pyrolysis of the raw biomass at a temperature of 800 °C for 3 h. The effect of pH, coagulant dose, settling time on turbidity reduction …
Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye
Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye
Tanzania Journal of Science
Effluent and effluent-contaminated soil samples collected from Mufindi Paper Mill Limited, Iringa Tanzania were investigated for the presence of cellulolytic bacteria. The components of cellulase are endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase and these are very important for complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose monomers. Isolates were grown on nutrient agar and screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates using Gram’s iodine solution. Cellulases activities; endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase were assayed using CMC, avicel and cellobiose substrates, respectively by dinitrosalicyclic acid method. Out of 17 cellulolytic isolates obtained, crude enzyme extracts of only five isolates expressed all cellulases activities, the …
Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap
Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap
Tanzania Journal of Science
The aquatic organisms such as crustaceans serve as bioindicators of the environmental stressors which affect the aquatic ecosystems. The present study assessed environmental health status through fiddler crabs (Austruca occidentalis) towards oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in mangroves with different levels of salinity and environmental contamination. Fiddler crabs were collected from Mtoni Kijichi, Kunduchi and Mbweni, which experience different levels of contamination from high to low along the Dar es Salaam coastline. Malondialdehyde the biomarker of oxidative stress was analysed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay and AChE activity was tested using Ellman assay in the crab tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas …
Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia
Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time on pH, total bacteria counts, and total hydrocarbon contents in the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants. Dried soil samples (500 g each) were weighed each into seven different plastic bowls, and each bowl was contaminated with 10 g of crude oil. Six of the contaminated soil samples in six of the plastic bowls were amended with a combination of pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants in the ratio of 1:1 in amounts of 150 g, 125 g, 100 g, 75 g, 50 …
Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe
Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study evaluated the effects of milking month, milking time, and lactation stage on milk yield and composition traits of crossbred dairy cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with the same parity were purposefully selected and categorized into three groups; each consisting of four. All cows were individually managed for 120 days. Milk yield record was done every day for the morning and evening time whereas milk samples were taken every fifteen-day intervals. Data collected were analysed by PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The “morning milkings” in all milking months showed the highest variations for “milk yield” whereas the …
Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa
Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effectiveness of common household washing processes of tomatoes on the removal of pesticide residues was investigated in Iringa, Tanzania. Analyses of cleaned-up extracts were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine pesticide residues were detected in unwashed and washed samples. The compounds detected were chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, endosulfan sulphate, endosulfan ether, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and metalaxyl. The concentrations of chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin in some unwashed and washed samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Washing reduced the concentrations of chlorothalonil and endosulfan sulphate in tomatoes by 22.2–98.0% (mean = 70%) and 33.3–55.6% …
Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe
Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Rapid loss in flora diversity, changing patterns of vegetation and land use patterns in the University of Lagos Akoka campus has necessitated investigation on the herb and grass species so as to determine their compositions, structures and diversity within the area. Twenty sampling plots of 10m x 10m each were studied in five selected locations using random sampling. The samples were counted and identified using Flora of West Tropical Africa. A total of 75 taxa (herbs = 53 spp and grasses = 22 spp) belonging to 26 families and 64 genera were recorded in the area. Of all the families, …