Digital Commons Network^™

History Of Animal Experimentation Control In The U.K., Judith E. Hampson

Laws and Legislation Collection

The legislative control of the use of animals in experiments in the UK lies in the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. Animal Welfare groups and individuals in Britain have pressed for reform of this law almost since its inception 105 years ago, and the British government has recently agreed to bring this legislation up to date. Any new or amended legislation could have far-reaching implications, both for laboratory animal welfare and upon the scientific community and is therefore of considerable importance both in this country and overseas. No proper appreciation of the problem would be possible without reference to …

Utilization Of Aspen Populus-Tremuloides Trees As A Ruminant Feed Component, M. Singh, L.D. Kamstra

Aspen Bibliography

When traditional roughages are in short supply or high in price, other fibrous feed sources for ruminants should be considered if available at a competitive price. One such fibrous material shown to have potential as a ruminant feed is the aspen tree (Populus tremuloides Michx.) harvested in its entire form to include bark, leaves and trunk. The aspen tree is the most widespread tree species in North America and the least utilized. Estimates exceed 6 million acres of mature trees in an area which would include the Black Hills (58,000 acres), the Great Lakes region and the Rocky …

Sylvia, Jennifer Cole Phillips, Fleet Library, Special Collections, Jan Baker

Animals

This book was created for Jan Baker's artists' book class.

Eye Movement Related Single-Unit Recording In The Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontis In The Alert Monkey, William Franklin Crandall Jr.

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontis (NRTP) is a structure which lies in the mid-brain ventral to the oculomotor complex. Anatomical studies strongly implicate it in oculomotor function as most of its inputs and outputs are to systems previously shown to be intimately involved in eye movement generation--superior colliculus (SC) and cerebellum. These reports show an integrative structure with inputs and outputs distributed in a way well suited for performing relay and feedback tasks. Physiological data in the alert, trained monkey has been gathered in an attempt to characterize these neurons and to classify them in functional terms. Three monkeys were trained …

Arrangement Of Subunits In Microtubules With 14 Profilaments, George M. Langford

Biology - All Scholarship

The structure of 14-protofilament microtubules reassembled from dogfish shark brain tubulin was analyzed by high resolution electron microscopy and optical diffraction. The simultaneous imaging of the protofilaments from near and far sides of these tubules produces a moiré pattern with a period of approximately 96 nm. Optical diffraction patterns show that the 5-nm spots that arise from the protofilaments for the two sides of the tubule are not coincident but lie off the equator by a distance of 1/192 nm-1. These data provide evidence that in reassembled microtubules containing 14 protofilaments, the protofilaments are tilted 1.5 degrees with respect to …

Rat Dendritic Cells Function As Accessory Cells And Control The Production Of A Soluble Factor Required For Mitogenic Responses Of T Lymphocytes., Wolfgang E. Klinkert, Jon H. Labadie, James P. O'Brien, Carl F. Beyer, William E. Bowers

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transformation of T lymphocytes, induced by treatment with periodate or with neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, requires the participation of accessory cells. Procedures were developed for the fractionation of rat lymph node cells, by which most of the lymphocytes can be recovered as a major population of cells that do not respond to mitogenic stimulation unless accessory cells from a separated minor population are added. Further purification led to a 1000-fold overall increase in accessory activity per cell, with a 50-70% yield. The purest preparations were virtually free of macrophages and contained more than 90% typical dendritic cells. Maximum responses occurred …

Cellular Action Of Vasopressin In Medullary Tubules Of Mice With Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Brian A. Jackson, Richard M. Edwards, Heinz Valtin, Thomas P. Dousa

Dartmouth Scholarship

Our previous studies (1974. J. Clin. Invest.54: 753-762.) suggested that impaired metabolism of cyclic AMP (cAMP) may be involved in the renal unresponsiveness to vasopressin (VP) in mice with hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). To localize such a defect to specific segments of the nephron, we studied the activities of VP-sensitive adenylate cyclase, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDIE), as well as accumulation of cAMP in medullary collecting tubules (MCT) and in medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (MAL) microdissected from control mice with normal concentrating ability and from mice with hereditary NDI.

Adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by VP or by …

Ec17-11-80 Nebraska Outdoor Education Series: Plant A Tree, Joe Range, John D. Orr

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Not all trees or shrubs can find a home in your yard or apartment. Help your child to discover a home for the tree or shrub he or she grows or receives. The greatest benefit of this Plant-A-Tree project is being close to a living plant. This project will: introduce five tree planters - one from each area of Nebraska, discuss the parts of tree seeds, give examples of how tree seeds travel, discuss preparation of soil, demonstrate how to grow a seedling tree from seed, demonstrate how to transplant a tree, and offer suggestions for activities and exhibits.

Definition Of The Concept Of "Humane Treatment" In Relation To Food And Laboratory Animals, Bernard E. Rollin

Animal Welfare Collection

The very title of this talk makes a suggestion which must be forestalled, namely the idea that laboratory and food animals enjoy some exceptional moral status by virtue of the fact that we use them. In fact, it is extremely difficult to find any morally relevant grounds for distinguishing between food and laboratory animals and other animals and, far more dramatically, between animals and humans. The same conditions which require that we apply moral categories to humans rationally require that we apply them to animals as well. While it is obviously pragmatically impossible in our current sociocultural setting to expect …

Reverence For Life: An Ethic For High School Biology Curricula, George K. Russell

Education Collection

Ethical and pedagogical arguments are presented against the use of animals by high school students in experiments causing pain/suffering/death of the animal. No justification is seen for such experimentation when perfectly valid alternatives, using noninvasive techniques, exist or could be developed. An important concern is the emotional and psychological growth of young people. An overall objective of high school biology curricula must be to assist students in making viable connections with living biological processes and the natural world.

Objectives Of Animal Use In Biology Courses, William V. Mayer

Education Collection

To confine discussion of educational use of animals to experimentation is to focus on only part of the animal use problem. To focus on use of animals in the classroom solely is to negate the value of field and community resource areas such as zoos, animal parks, nature trails, etc. The primary objective in dealing with living organisms is to inculcate a respect for all life. Objectives that focus on use of living animals for experimental purposes can, at best, be secondary and may in many cases be contrived. An understanding of animal life requirements and animal contributions is an …

The Vertebrate Animal In High School Biology, Alan M. Beck

Education Collection

Live vertebrates afford opportunities to capture student interest and develop important educational experiences. Humane care and handling of the animals can be one of the most significant aspects of the lesson.

The study of classroom animals could include a wide range of observational and experimental protocols that do not compromise humane or conservational standards while providing background on the basics of science that encourage and prepare the student for continued education. Basic attention to detail and careful supervision will insure humane care of the animals and minimize the possibility of injury to students from bites and infection or discomfort from …

Animals In British Schools: Legal And Practical Problems, Jennifer Remfry

Education Collection

Well-managed, healthy animals can be useful and beneficial aids to the emotional and intellectual development of young people at the primary and secondary levels of education. In Britain, vertebrate animals are not used in schools for experiments which might cause pain, distress or disease. The laws protecting animals are comprehensive but at present it is the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) which is having the most impact on the keeping of animals in British schools. The practical skills most needed by teachers are in the handling, sexing and humane killing of animals. Training of teachers should include instruction …

No Pain Infliction By Untrained Youths, Christine Stevens

Education Collection

Outlined are the efforts of the Animal Welfare Institute (AWl) for the last twenty-five years to end abuses to animals in high school biology programs. After concluding that the AWl's two brief rules prohibiting painful experimentation were not well understood by students even after years of effort, the AWl adopted the rules of the Canadian science fairs, which are similar to the Westinghouse Talent Search in that they simply prohibit experimentation on vertebrate animals. The presentation includes reference to the AWI manual, "Humane Biology Projects."

Humaneness Supersedes Curiosity, F. Barbara Orlans

Education Collection

Ethical considerations need to be addressed with respect to educational use of animals. Society extends greater latitude in what is permissible to do to an animal in the name of science to a professional research worker than to a high school student. A balance needs to be made of the significance of the expected experimental results, on the one hand, which the ethical costs, (in terms of pain or death to the animal), on the other. A reasonable boundary can be drawn, based on ethical as well as on practical considerations, to exclude invasive procedures on vertebrate animals in high …

Student (And Animal) Welfare, Leonard M. Krause

Education Collection

Adolescents exhibit affection for numerous vertebrates and appear to sympathize and to identify with traumas these animals experience. Therapeutic benefits students attach to nurturing and breeding certain vertebrates are evident; destruction of these same creatures produces clearly negative attitudes by students toward the science course and the instructor. "Case histories" documented while teaching high school students working with vertebrates are reviewed and are related to specific techniques (e.g., pithing) utilized by numerous instructors. Motivation, increased attention span, sustained interest, involvement with community issues and other desirable educational goals are demonstrated to be resultants of student involvement with living vertebrates studied …

Secondary And Elementary School Use Of Live And Preserved Animals, Marvin B. Emmons

Education Collection

The broad use of living animals in elementary and junior school programs that are currently in vogue will be discussed as well as their use in biology classrooms at the senior high level. A comparison will be made of the present use of animals in the biology curriculum at the high school level, both living and preserved, with the use levels some ten and fifteen years ago. The implications of wildlife habitat encroachment and subsequent depletion of native species of classic animal models as well as some alternatives will be reviewed.

Fundamental Criteria For Determining The Educational Value Of Live Animal Experimentation In High School Science Fairs, David H. Neil

Education Collection

The author contends that great and very detailed attention to one minuscule facet of experimental animal biology, particularly if it requires the skilled and uniform alteration of a significant number of animals, is of no real educational value to a high school student. This type of work, the necessity for it and the full understanding of its significance to the furtherance of human understanding must be the province only of those who are intellectually prepared. The suggestion is made that projects, which develop a more complete understanding of common and profoundly important elements in life (as we know it), should …

The Challenge And Motivation Of Students Through Live Animal Projects, Thurman S. Grafton

Education Collection

The subject of use of live animals by secondary schools either in classroom work or science fairs is a very controversial and often emotional issue. The author emphasizes the dedication to humane treatment of animals while at the same time explaining the process by which rules have been formulated to provide for the appropriate use of live animals. The difference between permission and mandate is clarified for the purpose of explaining the need to provide for the more effective challenge and motivation of the high achiever while still allowing for more modest undertakings by the average student The perils of …

High School Science Fairs: Evaluation Of Live Animal Experimentation--The Canadian Experience, Harry C. Rowsell

Education Collection

When the Canadian Council on Animal Care was established in 1968, the Council, together with representatives from the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association in concert with the Youth Science Foundation, recognized the importance of well-conceived science fair projects involving live animals. It was recognized as well that poor science encouraged poor attitudes toward the animals involved, as well as a misunderstanding of scientific investigation. Numerous schemes were tried in an effort to ensure development of proper scientific investigational attitudes as well as a respect for living things. These will be discussed, outlining where such schemes failed.

In May, 1975, Regulations for …

Understanding And Attitudes Derived From The Use Of Animals In Schools, Peter J. Kelly

Education Collection

A general review of the variety of activities involving the direct use of animals which are undertaken in secondary schools. An assessment is made of their value (positive and negative) in terms of knowledge and attitudes (including ethics) which are, or might be, derived from them. Alternative methods also are reviewed with an assessment of their value in relation to live animal studies.

Science Youth Activities And Animal Experimentation, E. G. Sherburne Jr.

Education Collection

Science youth activities (extracurricular science activities) involve millions of young people at the elementary and secondary school level. Such activities are popular with young people and with teachers because they offer values different from those provided by classroom work and the required laboratory. National science youth activity programs include science fairs and the International Science and Engineering Fair, the Science Talent Search, and a number of other programs. For activities involving research, animals have been increasingly used because of the increased sophistication of the students doing the work. While some projects using vertebrates may be done poorly, it is suggested …

Polymorphisms, Linkage And Mapping Of Four Enzyme Loci In The Fish Genus Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae), D C Morizot, M J Siciliano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Electrophoretic variants at four additional enzyme loci--two esterases (Est-2, Est-3), retinal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1) and mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI)--among three species and four subspecies of fish of the genus Xiphophorus were observed. Electrophoretic patterns in F1 hybrid heterozygotes confirmed the monomeric structures of MPI and the esterase and the tetrametric structure of LDH in these fishes. Variant alleles of all four loci displayed normal Mendelian segregation in backcross and F2 hybrids. Recombination data from backcross hybrids mapped with Haldane's mapping function indicate the four loci to be linked as Est-2--0.43--Est3--0.26--LDH-1--0.19--MPI. Significant interference was detected and apparently concentrated in the Est-3 …

Sightings Of Moose, Deer, And Bears On Roads In Northern Ontario, D. Fraser

Anthropogenics and Population Decline Collection

No abstract provided.

Motility Of The Microtubular Axostyle In Pyrsonympha, George M. Langford, Shinya Inoué

Biology - All Scholarship

The rhythmic movement of the microtubular axostyle in the termite flagellate, Pyrsonympha vertens, was analyzed with polarization and electron microscopy. The protozoan axostyle is birefringent as a result of the semi-crystalline alignment of approximately 2,000 microtubules. The birefringence of the organelle permits analysis of the beat pattern in vivo. Modifications of the beat pattern were achieved with visible and UV microbeam irradiation. The beating axostyle is helically twisted and has two principal movements, one resembling ciliary and the other flagellar beating. The anterior portion of the beating axostyle has effective and recovery phases with each beat thereby simulating the flexural …

Euthanasia Of Dogs And Cats: An Analysis Of Experience And Current Knowledge With Recommendation For Research, T. Carding, The Institute For The Study Of Animal Problems

Euthanasia Collection

While it may be regarded by some as inhumane or unethical to take any life, mankind, as responsible stewards of animals, is obliged to do so for many reasons: for food, health, population control, to alleviate incurable suffering, etc. Yet beyond the ironies and ethical dilemmas of the right to life versus the right to take life, lies the necessity to destroy life. This entails an enormous ethical responsibility relevant to the times, and also the moral injunction that the method of killing be humane, in other words, causing the least possible distress, physically and psychologically. This injunction implies, therefore, …

Fault Of The Victim: The Limits Of Liability Under Civil Code Articles 2317, 2318, And 2321, Anne T. Lastilla

Louisiana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 23: Plants And Animals Of The Estuary, William A. Niering, Paul E. Fell, Sally L. Taylor, Martine Villalard-Bohnsack, Nancy C. Olmstead

Bulletins

Descriptions and illustrations of over 70 estuarine species.

A Survey Of Plants And Animals Of Hill And Wendover Bombing Ranges, Western Utah, Mary Sue Fisher

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The United States Air Force was required by the Sikes Act (16 USC 670 et seq.) to operate Hill and Wendover Bombing Ranges under a Land and Wildlife Management Plan consistent with military objectives. A preliminary biological inventory was conducted to provide basic information necessary for preparation of an appropriate management plan. The inventory was conducted over a one year period utilizing 60 field days on the ground and 30 hours of flying time. A list of vertebrates present on the bombing ranges was formed by general observation of large mammals, birds and reptiles, and trapping of small mammals. …

The Effect Of Browsing By Cattle And Sheep On Trees And Bushes, J. Buttenschon, R.M. Buttenschon

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.