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Rowcover Modification Of Carbon And Mineral Nutrient Partitioning In Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa, Duch), Karen Lynn Brownlee Gast

Doctoral Dissertations

In cool temperature climates where plant growth may be limited by short growing seasons and low temperature stress rowcovers are being used to increase production of fruit and vegetable crops. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate how floating rowcovers applied during autumn, winter and spring affect plant growth and development. The first experiment, 1985-86, examined mineral nutrient and biomass partitioning in a short-day cultivar, 'Sparkle', and a day-neutral cultivar, 'Fern', in rowcovered and nonrowcovered plants in autumn. The second experiment, 1986-87 examined carbon, nitrogen and biomass partitioning over time in autumn and in spring and development of yield components …

G88-864 Handling Internal Worm Parasitism In Sheep, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Don Ferguson, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication acquaints the reader with methods of preventing, controlling, and treating parasitism in sheep.

Introduction

Parasites or worms affecting the digestive system are a severe health problem in sheep production. The economic losses from parasitism can be extensive, ranging from mortality or death loss to weight loss, reduced weight gain, reduced wool production, decreased milk yield resulting in lower lamb weights, poor reproductive performance, and the cost of medications and handling.

Coccidiosis, another costly intestinal parasite, but not caused by worm infestation, will be discussed briefly.

G88-883 Managing Of Disease To Produce Antibiotic/Residue Free Animal Food Products, Duane Rice, R. Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the use of antibiotics in animals, approved drugs and extra-label drugs, and ways to test for drug residue. Infectious diseases in livestock are costly, and prevention is the best approach to minimize such losses. Yet despite good management practices and extensive preventive measures, disease outbreaks do occur, and treatments become necessary. To obtain antibiotic residue-free products from food animals, knowledgeable decisions regarding the use of medications are necessary. It is important to realize that antibiotic treatments are used only to eliminate or shorten the duration of existing infections, or to prevent secondary bacterial infections. These infections may …

Laboratory Investigation Of The Pathogenesis And Vector Ecology Of Canine Infection With Ehrlichia Platys., Robert Mark Simpson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Dogs were inoculated with Ehrlichia platys and either examined morphologically or infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks for studies of disease pathogenesis and vector transmission. Dogs inoculated with Ehrlichia platys were sequentially necropsied at 1 week intervals from 7 to 35 days post inoculation. Ehrlichia platys-infected dogs had generalized lymphadenomegaly and histopathologic evidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and proliferation of resident tissue macrophages in lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Most dogs had mild hemorrhage or edema in multiple organs, including splenic intrafollicular hemorrhages in all dogs except one. Livers had hepatocellular vacuolation in addition to portal lymphangiectasia and Kupffer cell …

Physicochemical Properties Of Brown Rice As Influenced By Gamma-Irradiation, Variety And Storage., Veronica Castro Sabularse

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Effects of gamma-irradiation, variety and storage on physicochemical properties of brown rice from three Louisiana rice varieties: Mars, a medium grain variety, Lemont and Tebonnet, long grain varieties, were determined. Cooking time was significantly reduced in Mars and Lemont at doses of 200 and 300 Krads. Irradiation increased cooking rate, water uptake at 80$\sp\circ$C, water uptake ratios, total solids content in residual cooking liquid and starch damage from 100 to 300 Krad samples. Water uptake at 96$\sp\circ$C generally decreased with increasing dose levels. Evidence indicated alterations in the rice grain structure and composition. The component drastically affected by gamma-irradiation was …

Mastitis In Single And Multiple Trait Holstein Lines., Ricardo J. Vaamonde

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Cows diagnosed as having clinical mastitis and from two sire selection lines were compared to assess differences in somatic cell count scores, duration of clinical episode and number of antibiotic treatments applied. The effect of various environmental factors and type traits on somatic cell count score (SCCS) and on duration of episode was investigated and amount and cost of discarded milk was calculated. Data consisted of multiple observations on cows diagnosed as clinically infected at least once during a lactation. Single trait (ST) cows were daughters of sires selected based on predicted differences for milk. Multiple trait (MT) cows were …

Natural And Artificial Regeneration Of Baldcypress (Taxodium Distichum (L.) Rich.) In The Barataria And Lake Verret Basins Of Louisiana., William Henry Conner

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Louisiana contains the largest volume of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) timber in the United States, with 70% of the volume located in the south central part of the state. Baldcypress regeneration was studied in the Barataria and Verret Basins during 1982-1987. Overall, natural regeneration was poor in both basins. There was some recruitment during the dry years 1984 and 1986 but these seedlings did not grow tall enough to survive subsequent flooding. Coppice regeneration in logged areas was excellent after logging, but a majority of the sprouts died in succeeding years. In three projects where baldcypress seedlings were planted …

Xenobiotic Residues In Louisiana Crayfish Tissues And Their Environs., Jerome D. Madden

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Two commercially important species of Louisiana crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and P. acutus acutus (Girard), from the Atchafalaya River Basin and from open ponds, as well as sediment and water from these environs, were sampled at three times during two consecutive fishing (production) seasons. The abdominal muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue were digested with nitric acid; the sediment was dried prior to digestion with hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia; and the water was filtered prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) for As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Ni. Pb, Hg, and Cd, if present, were in …

Processing And Freezing Methods Influencing The Consistency And Quality Of Fresh And Frozen Peeled Crawfish (Procambarus Sp.) Meat., Gail Anne Marshall

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The production and processing of freshwater crawfish (Procambarus sp.) is an important seafood industry in Louisiana. Year round availability of a consistently high quality product will help maximize marketability of peeled crawfish meat. This study addressed several quality problems associated with fresh and frozen crawfish meat. Fresh, peeled crawfish meat is frequently packaged with hepatopancreas for added flavor in prepared dishes. Sporadic development of mushiness in crawfish meat packed with hepatopancreas was an unpredictable problem for crawfish processors. Hepatopancreatic enzymes were thought to be causing proteoloysis of ice-stored meat. Study results showed significant effects (p $<$ 0.01) of cooking time on the texture of ice-stored meat. Gelatin degradation by hepatopancreas proved to be a good indicator of enzyme activity and adequacy of blanch treatment. A popular preference for red swamp crawfish (P. clarkii) over white river crawfish (P. acutus acutus) is maintained by many processors and consumers. Both species are harvested simultaneously in mixed proportions. Easily recognizable exterior physical characteristics distinguish the two species. Sensory differences of processed tail meat had not been determined. Results showed insignificant differences (p $>$ 0.05) in texture …

Effect Of Dietary Lipids And Cholesterol On Liver And Yolk Cholesterol Levels And Fatty Acid Composition Of Serum Cholesterol Esters In Laying Hens., Lincoln F. Berrio

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of various lipids on laying hen cholesterol metabolism. Hens of equal age and production status were used and housed in individual cages with individual feeders. Main responses measured were yolk, liver and serum cholesterol, and fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters. Preliminary results showed a significant linear yolk cholesterol increase on day 9 with 0, 0.5, and 1% dietary cholesterol. Added levels of up to 4% cholesterol for 21 days failed to significantly increase further yolk cholesterol. Serum cholesterol was unaffected. In six subsequent experiments, the following lipid comparisons were made …

The Genetic Variance-Covariance Structure Of The Louisiana Sugarcane Breeding Population., Scott Bradly Milligan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Genetic variances estimates were obtained for ten traits of the Louisiana sugarcane breeding population. The variances and resulting statistics were derived from a population of three offspring each from 40 biparental crosses of 28 elite parents. The offspring and their parents were grown in replicated tests in five environments (year-location combinations). Narrow and broad-sense heritabilities, genetic correlations, genetic coefficients of variation and genetic gain estimates were estimated. To represent clonal populations in different stages of selection, the population was divided into three subpopulations: offspring, noncommercial parents and commercial parents. For each subpopulation, the genotype x environment (GE) variation was partitioned …

Estimation Of Additive And Nonadditive Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Reproductive Traits In Beef Cattle., Allen Richard Williams

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A total of 4,301 cow exposure records from a four generation rotational crossbreeding study were used to calculate least squares means and heterosis estimates and partition breed and heterotic genetic effects for calving rate (CR), calf survival (CS), weaning rate (WR), calf birth date (CBD) and percent assisted births (PA). Angus (A), Brahman (B), Charolais (C) and Hereford (H) breeds were involved in two-, three- and four-breed rotation systems with the restriction that each breed combination include B. Straightbreds were maintained as controls. Generation, year within generation, breed group of dam within generation and the linear and quadratic effects of …

Dynamic Headspace Sampling And Chromatographic And Mass Spectrometric Investigations Of Volatile Flavor Components In Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii) Hepatopancreatic Tissue., Stephen S. Williams

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This analytical food flavor study concentrated on the development and application of improved analytical techniques to investigate volatile flavor components in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) hepatopancreatic tissue. This work consisted of four main parts. The first part dealt with the development of an improved dynamic headspace sampling procedure for the sampling and concentration of volatile flavor components in the headspace of high moisture foods. The second section described the successful application of this improved procedure for chromatographic and mass spectrometric investigation of dynamic headspace volatile flavor components of crayfish hepatopancreatic tissue. The third part discussed the quantitative determination of these volatile …

Path-Coefficient Analysis: A Study Of Phenotypic, Broad-Sense And Narrow-Sense Variation In Sugarcane., Kenneth Albert Gravois

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The variance-covariance structure of a Louisiana sugarcane (Sacchum spp.) population was estimated and used to calculate correlation coefficients (phenotypic, broad-sense genotypic and additive genetic), narrow-sense heritability and measures of additive genetic variation and gain under selection. Four progeny from each of 20 crosses were grown in plantcane, first ratoon and second ratoon crops at the St. Gabriel Research Station of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station. Broad-sense genotypic and phenotypic correlations were calculated and subjected to path-coefficient analysis to study direct and indirect effects in a set of cause and effect relationships involving sucrose yield. Broad-sense genotypic relationships are useful to …

Bioenergetics Of Red Swamp Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii) And White River Crawfish (Procambarus Acutus Acutus) In Cultivated, Noncultivated And Wooded Ponds In South Louisiana., Mattana Sanguanruang

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Stomach content analysis and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to determine diet and food assimilation of red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) and white river crawfish (Procambarus acutus acutus) in three types of commercial ponds. Crawfish stomachs contained largely macrophytes, detritus and leaf litter, and to a lesser extent aquatic insects and zooplankton. Food habits of P. clarkii and P. acutus acutus were similar, but P. acutus acutus consumed more animal material than did P. clarkii. Food habits were similar among different sizes of P. clarkii and P. acutus acutus. Seasonal stable carbon isotope ratios ($\delta\sp{13}$C) of P. clarkii and …

The Maine Progressive - Vol. 2, No. 2 : November 1987, Maine Progressive

The Maine Progressive

"If Maine is to be a more progressive society, people must make a commitment to work toward it. We hope that The Maine Progressive will broaden the base of support for progressive causes and bring together active people involved with many issues from all parts of Maine."
(from Vol.1, Issue 1)

Biotechnology & Plant Agriculture: "Steps In Developing A New Product", Kevin G. Mallon

Theses

Unavailable.

Statistics (March 1987), Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

This is a statistical representation of economic activities in Nigeria in March, 1987

The Impact Of Out-Of-State Markets For Utah Agriculture Products On Utah's Economy, Basudeb Biswas, Tyler Bowles

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Utah farmers, like the rest in the country, are highly productive. It is ironical that their high productivity brings troubles to the farmers. Low income elasticity of demand for agricultural products and high labor productivity in agriculture depress the relative price of agricultural products.

G87-845 Electrical Systems For Agricultural Buildings (Recommended Practices), Gerald R. Bodman, Laverne E. Stetson, Jack L. Schinstock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes some of the specialized wiring practices and equipment required in agricultural buildings.

During June 1982, electrical system failures resulted in animal losses in excess of $100,000 on three Nebraska swine farms. In 1983, more than $45,000 worth of feeder pigs were electrocuted on another Nebraska farm. Dairy and beef animals also have been electrocuted--as have producers. A survey of more than 400 Nebraska farms revealed that over 50 percent have problems due to poor on-farm wiring. A more recent survey of 14 farms revealed none with 100 percent properly wired buildings. Many had conditions which were serious …

G87-849 Vaccinations In Sheep Flocks, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

High economic return per dollar invested can result from proper flock health management. Vaccinations are part of health management.

A preventive health program in modern sheep production systems is advisable. High economic return per dollar invested can result from proper flock health management. Health management is much more than a vaccination program. Vaccinations themselves are considered for a variety of reasons. These include disease risk management and strict prevention. Vaccinations may also be indicated in situations where management practices other than vaccine administration do not produce optimum health or economic benefits.

It is not feasible to outline one vaccination program …

G87-846 Electrical Systems For Agricultural Buildings (Checklist), Gerald R. Bodman, Laverne E. Stetson, Jack L. Schinstock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is a checklist to help in evaluating both existing and new electrical installations for agricultural buildings.

Good electrical system design and installation is required to assure a safe, efficient system. Good practices and appropriate equipment are essential.

Estimation Of Direct And Maternal Additive And Heterotic Genetic Effects For Preweaning Traits In Beef Cattle., Chi Lawrence Tawah

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Progency records from 4 generations of a rotational crossbreeding experiment were fitted to a regression equation to obtain estimates of direct and maternal additive (Ig, Mg) and heterotic (Ih, Mh) genetic effects of preweaning traits for Angus (A), Brahman (B), Charolais (C), Hereford (H) breeds and their combinations. These estimates were fitted to prediction equations to compare preweaning performance of breed groups under different mating systems. Heterosis estimates were used to compute expected heterosis for each rotational cross. The C had the largest Ig estimate for BWT (5.2 kg), ADG (.074 kg/d) and WWT (22.1 kg) while H had the …

Influences Of Different Processing Technologies On The Properties Of Emulsion-Type Sausages., Yun-Chu Wu

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Emulsion-type sausages were manufactured for evaluation of microstructure, smokehouse yield, and textural characteristics with different lean sources, salt levels, casing sizes and endpoint cooking temperatures. Emulsion stability and water binding capacity of raw batters manufactured with 1, 2 or 3% salt were examined at chopping temperatures of 10, 15.5 and 21$\sp\circ$C. Frankfurters, manufactured with three sources of pork fat, were examined during a nine week storage for oxidative rancidity under different packaging conditions. Bologna from forage-finished beef had lower water, fat and total losses and a higher smokehouse yield than bologna from grain-fed beef at 1 and 2% salt levels. …

Studies On The Protein Changes In Skeletal Muscles Of Gulf Coast Finfish Species Associated With Frozen Storage, Formaldehyde Addition And Freeze-Thawing Cycles., Myrna O. Nisperos-Carriedo

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The effects of frozen storage, formaldehyde addition and freeze-thawing cycles were determined using three finfish species from the Gulf of Mexico, spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), black drum (Pogonias cromis) and mullet (Mugil cephalus). Frozen storage of spotted seatrout fillets at $-20\sp\circ$C for 6 weeks led to reductions in pH, water-binding capacity and solubility of salt-extractable proteins. SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic examination of the salt-extractable proteins showed that as time of storage increased, aggregation of high-molecular weight components occurred. The addition of 300 ppm formaldehyde prior to frozen storage did not produce significant changes. However, muscles containing 500 ppm formaldehyde showed decreases …

Malaysian Prawn (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) Production Studies In Polyculture Schemes With Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus)., Mark Steven Lamon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Three Malaysian prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)/channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) polyculture studies were conducted from May 1984 through October 1986. In the first study prawn stocking size and density on catfish and prawn production were examined. In 1984 catfish, x = 24 g, were stocked at 9,884/ha. Prawns, x = 0.04 g, were stocked at 4,942, 9,884 and 14,826/ha. After 144 days catfish average weights, survival and yields were $<$340 g, $<$78% and $<$2,000 kg/ha, respectively. Prawn weight, survival and yields ranged from 34-54 g, 47-61% and 165-344 kg/ha, respectively. In 1985 catfish, x = 33 g, were stocked at 7,410/ha and prawns, x = 0.15 and 0.70 g, were stocked at 1984 densities. After 137 days catfish average weight, survival and yields were 427 g, 86% and 2,726 kg/ha, respectively. Prawn weight, survival and yields ranged from 48-73 g, 41-88% and 110-471 kg/ha, respectively. Positive economic net returns were achieved with 0.15 g prawns stocked at 14,826/ha and 0.70 g prawns stocked at 9,884 or 14,826/ha. In a second study prawn bottom location preference and movement were determined in ponds. Males were more frequently observed in the deep ends of ponds and near the ponds' perimeters, and females were observed more frequently in the shallow ends and in the middles of ponds. Prawn movement did not differ between day and night, averaging 1.1 m/hr. Two-funnel crawfish traps and box traps with slit entrances, 12 and 24 hr set times, and white light and commercial crawfish bait attractants were evaluated for capturing prawns. Traps were not effective at capturing prawns regardless of set time or attractant. In the third study catfish and prawn mean lengths and weights from cast-netted and seined samples were compared to a complete population census taken after 48, 92 and 139 days of growth. Ponds were stocked with catfish at 7,410/ha and prawns at 1984 study levels. Cast-netted samples under-estimated and seined samples over-estimated catfish size. Cast-netted and seined sample prawn means did not differ from each other or population parameters. Catfish and prawn size variation increased over time. Catfish and prawn survival decreased during the first 48 days and then remained constant throughout the rest of the grow-out period.

Characteristics Of Rumen Fluid And Particulate Microorganisms And The Effect Of Particulate Microorganisms On In Situ Forage Digestibility., John Adeoye Olubobokun

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The effect of diet and time after feeding on microbial crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) associated with undigested rumen particles was investigated using diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) as a microbial marker. In a subsequent experiment, in situ CP and DM digestibilities were corrected for microbial contamination of non-masticated and masticated (M) forages. Particle-associated (PA) microorganisms had a higher (P $<$.01) concentration of organic matter (OM) than fluid microorganisms 2 and 23 h after feeding. Bacterial fraction had a higher (P $<$.01) concentration of CP than protozoal fraction. However, the quantity of OM, CP and DAPA per ml of strained rumen fluid equivalent were higher (P $<$.01) in the protozoal than in respective bacterial fractions. In experiment two, CP and DAPA concentrations (%) and quantity (mg/ml SRFE) of OM, CP and DAPA were constant over time (P $>$.10) in fluid, loosely-associated (LA) and firmly-associated (FA) populations. Mean CP and DAPA concentrations were in the order fluid $>$ LA $>$ FA and fluid = FA $$ fluid (P =.07). Over 50% of the PA population …

Cooking Temperature And Antioxidants As Processing Variables Affecting The Flavor And Textural Stability Of Restructured Beef Roasts., Genaro Cortes Arganosa

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The effects of cooking temperature, refrigerated storage, and the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and soy protein isolate (SPI) on the development of warmed-over flavor (WOF) in restructured beef roasts were studied. In Phase 1, restructured beef roasts were cooked in a water bath at temperatures of 70, 85 and 100$\sp\circ$C. In Phase 2, four types of roasts containing all combinations of STP and SPI were cooked in a water bath at 70 and 100$\sp\circ$C. The cooked roasts in both phases were then stored at 4$\sp\circ$C for 0 and 3 days. Higher cooking temperatures and longer storage periods tended to …

Analyses Of Selected Factors Affecting The Accuracy Of Aerial Surveys Of Mottled Ducks., James Ronald Nassar

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of observer ability, ambient illumination, glare, sun angle, time of day, bird reaction, wetland type, vegetative cover, and non-flushing birds on results of aerial surveys of mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula). In Experiment I, aerial surveys for mottled ducks were conducted in Louisiana from January 1985 through April 1986 to determine the effects of observer, weather, glare, time of day, and bird reaction on results. An experienced, but non-current, waterfowl observer initially detected a greater number of birds than an experienced and current observer, observers did not differ in 17 subsequent surveys. Time …

Field Evaluation And Genetic Analysis Of {\It Heliothis\/} Spp. Resistance In Advanced Lanthanum Cotton Strains., Stephen James Stringer

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Seventeen advanced La cotton breeding strains having Heliothis spp. resistance attributed to morphological characters and allelochemics were evaluated for field resistance and flowerbud gossypol content at Baton Rouge, LA. in 1982 and 1983. These experimental cottons averaged less than 50% of the Heliothis spp. larvae and feeding-damaged fruit of two cotton cultivars recommended for production in Louisiana. These strains also had at least 25% less feeding-damaged fruit and 15% fewer live Heliothis spp. larvae than two Heliothis spp. resistant cotton germplasm lines. Results suggested that high flowerbud gossypol pigment glandulosity, rather than flowerbud gossypol content per se, played an important …