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2026

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Optimal Quantitative Controller Design For Twin Rotor Mimo System, Mustafa Khreabet, Hazem Ali Aug 2026

Optimal Quantitative Controller Design For Twin Rotor Mimo System, Mustafa Khreabet, Hazem Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the control approach is used for achieving the desired performance and stability of the twin-rotor MIMO system. This system is considered one of the complex multiple inputs of multiple-output systems. The complexity because of the high nonlinearity, significant cross-coupling and parameter uncertainty makes the control of such systems is a very challenging task. The dynamic of the Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS) is the same as that in helicopters in many aspects. The Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) controller is added to the control to enhance the control algorithm and to satisfy a more desirable performance. QFT is …

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Experimental And Numerical Investigation Into Residual Stress During Turning Operation For Stainless Steel Aisi 316, Safa Lafta, Maan Tawfiq Aug 2026

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Into Residual Stress During Turning Operation For Stainless Steel Aisi 316, Safa Lafta, Maan Tawfiq

Engineering and Technology Journal

RS (residual stresses) represent the main role in the performance of structures and machined parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of feed rate with constant cutting speed and depth of cut on residual stresses in orthogonal cutting, using Tungsten carbide cutting tools when machining AISI 316 in turning operation. AISI 316 stainless steel was selected in experiments since it is used in many important industries such as chemical, petrochemical industries, power generation, electrical engineering, food and beverage industry. Four feed rates were selected (0.228, 0.16, 0.08 and 0.065) mm/rev when cutting speed is constant …

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Extended Meshfree Approach For Crack Statistical Analysis Of Anisotropic Functionally Graded Brazilian Disc Subjected To Traction Load, Hassanein Khalaf, Haider Mehbes, Ameen Nassar Aug 2026

Extended Meshfree Approach For Crack Statistical Analysis Of Anisotropic Functionally Graded Brazilian Disc Subjected To Traction Load, Hassanein Khalaf, Haider Mehbes, Ameen Nassar

Engineering and Technology Journal

An extended meshless method that relying upon Galerkin formulation is applied on the crack analysis of orthotropic functionally graded Brazilian disc. Weak form is involved to solve the governing equation in the numerical method. In addition, enrichment terms and sub-triangle techniques are applied to improve the accuracy of relevant results. This paper depicts the influence of variation in the crack stretch and non-homogeneity parameters on the values of stress intensity factors using a developed MATLAB program. In the isotropic case, it is clear that when the length of crack increases, SIF increases. Graduation in has more effect in increasing the …

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Investigation The Effect Of Negative Polarity Of Surface Roughness And Metal Removal Rate During Edm Process, Shahd Taqi, Saad Shather Aug 2026

Investigation The Effect Of Negative Polarity Of Surface Roughness And Metal Removal Rate During Edm Process, Shahd Taqi, Saad Shather

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Electro discharge machine that named (EDM) is used to remove the metal from the workpiece by spark erosion. The work of this machining depends on the multiple variables. One of the most influential variants of this machine is the polarity, the material of the electrode, the current and the time pulses. Essentially the polarity of the tool (electrode) positive and the work piece is negative, this polarity can be reversed in this paper was reversed the polarity that was made the tool (electrode) negative and the work piece was positive. The aim of this paper was focused on the …

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Prediction Of Surface Roughness Of Mild Steel Alloy In Cnc Milling Process Using Ann And Ga Technique, Hind Abdulridha Aug 2026

Prediction Of Surface Roughness Of Mild Steel Alloy In Cnc Milling Process Using Ann And Ga Technique, Hind Abdulridha

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) have been studied to predict the effect of milling parameters on the Surface Roughness (Ra) during machining of mild steel alloy. The milling experiments carried out based on the Taguchi design of experiments method using (L16) orthogonal array with 3 factors and 4 levels. The influence of three independent variables such as spindle speed (910, 930, 960, and 1000 rpm), feed rate (93, 95, 98, and 102 mm/min), and Tool Diameter (8, 10, 12, and 14 mm) on the Surface Roughness (Ra) were tested and …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Micro And Nano Size Of Silica Filler On Asphalt Cement Properties, Hussein Zghair, Hasan Joni, Maan S. Hassan Aug 2026

Evaluating The Effects Of Micro And Nano Size Of Silica Filler On Asphalt Cement Properties, Hussein Zghair, Hasan Joni, Maan S. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research study examines the practicability of using micro and nano size silica to improve the asphalt characteristics. Asphalt cement penetration grade of (60 /70) was prepared using (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) of silica filler by weight of asphalt and investigated in terms of the softening point, penetration, and penetration index, viscosity, and ductility values. To modify the asphalt binder, the silica powder was mixed by a mechanical blender set at (2000) rpm at a mixing temperature of 140°C. However, the main challenge is an agglomeration of nano-silica powder which can reduce the ductility of nano silica modified binder. …

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A Sustainable Scheme For Minimizing Energy In Visual Sensor Network Using Disjoint Set Cover Approach, Shuruq Hashim, Muna Jawad, Bassam Wheedd Aug 2026

A Sustainable Scheme For Minimizing Energy In Visual Sensor Network Using Disjoint Set Cover Approach, Shuruq Hashim, Muna Jawad, Bassam Wheedd

Engineering and Technology Journal

Directional sensors in wireless visual sensor networks attract growing attention as a promising tool for monitoring the real world; directional sensors consume energy for two main tasks: sensing and communication. Since a VSN contains a number of configurable visual sensors with changeable spherical sectors of restricted angle known as a field of view that is intended to monitor a number of targets located in a random manner over a given area. Therefore maximizing the network lifetime through minimizing power consumption while covering the targets remains a challenge. In this paper, the problem of obtaining a disjoint set cover includes a …

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Effect Of Cracks On The Natural Frequency Of Cylindrical Shell Structures, Marwah . Husain, Mohsin Al-Shammari Aug 2026

Effect Of Cracks On The Natural Frequency Of Cylindrical Shell Structures, Marwah . Husain, Mohsin Al-Shammari

Engineering and Technology Journal

Shell structures are liable to different kinds of defects and damage like cracking and corrosion which may destroy their structural safety and affect the service life. The cracks' effects are significant considerations in the design of cylindrical shell structures as they influence the vibration characteristics and safety. This present work is an experimental study on the free vibration analysis of a cylindrical shell involving circumferential surface crack. The influence of the ratio of shell’s radius to a shell’s thickness (R/h)of the shell structure, crack length in the shell, crack depth in the shell, crack location of the shell, and crack …

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Manufacturing Of Thermal And Acoustic Insulation From (Polymer Blend/Recycled Natural Fibers), Huda. Khdier, Ahmed Hussein, Wafaa Salih Aug 2026

Manufacturing Of Thermal And Acoustic Insulation From (Polymer Blend/Recycled Natural Fibers), Huda. Khdier, Ahmed Hussein, Wafaa Salih

Engineering and Technology Journal

These works study the characterization of thermal and acoustic insulation behavior of Polymer Blend/Recycled Natural Fibers. Acoustic insulation is an important property in design criterion in buildings and used to avoid the damage caused by the sounds of the explosion of rockets and bombs. This work is done through reinforcing 80% epoxy resin EP with 20% polycarbonate PC with two different recycled natural fiber RNF (hemp fiber H.F., cornhusk fiber C.H.F) at various weight fractions of (2,4,6) %, the samples, were formed by hand lay-up then the acoustic and thermal insulation tests carried out. The results show that altering both …

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Calibration 7" – Cutthroat Flume As New Size For Discharge Measurement At Free Flow Condition, Jaafar Maatooq, Muna Ibraheem Aug 2026

Calibration 7" – Cutthroat Flume As New Size For Discharge Measurement At Free Flow Condition, Jaafar Maatooq, Muna Ibraheem

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper aims to conduct a series of laboratory experiments in case of steady-state flow for the new size 7 ̋ throat width (not presented before) of the cutthroat flume. For this size, five different lengths were adopted 0.535, 0.46, 0.40, 0.325 and 0.27m these lengths were adopted based on the limitations of the available flume. The experimental program has been followed to investigate the hydraulic characteristic and introducing the calibrated formula for free flow application within the discharge ranged between 0.006 and 0.025 m3/s. The calibration result showed that, under suitable operation conditions, the suggested empirical formulas can accurately …

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Empirical Formulas To Predict The Maximum Scour Depth With Debris Accumulation Around A Single Cylindrical Bridge Pier: An Experimental Study, Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji, Aysar Al-Awadi Aug 2026

Empirical Formulas To Predict The Maximum Scour Depth With Debris Accumulation Around A Single Cylindrical Bridge Pier: An Experimental Study, Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji, Aysar Al-Awadi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The probability of debris accumulation near bridge piers during the heavy storm and river flood convert the hydraulic action of flow and increase the scour depth due to the reduction of flow area and the increase in velocity of flow. In this paper, the effects of debris accumulation length, width and submerged depth on scour depth near bridge pier were investigated. An experimental study for three groups of woody debris accumulation was conducted under clear water condition to investigate the effects on maximum scour depth. The results showed that the increase of blocked area of debris to 27% increases the …

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Safety Assessment Of Hadithah Dam Under Extreme Operations And Collapsible Foundation Challenges, Imad Obead, Hassan Omran, Mohammed Fattah Aug 2026

Safety Assessment Of Hadithah Dam Under Extreme Operations And Collapsible Foundation Challenges, Imad Obead, Hassan Omran, Mohammed Fattah

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present study involves a coherence steps to re-analyze the scenario of presence of collapsible gypseous layers in the foundation of Hadithah dam under extreme operating conditions. The motivation for such analysis was to explore the problem of construction and operation of large earth dams on collapsible soils if similar cases exist in Iraq. This study was carried out to evaluate the adequacy of the diaphragm wall and the safety level of the side slopes during the drawdown and rise period. The results were verified by the in situ design that confirmed the validity of the analysis

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Spiritual Energy Of Islamic House In Forming Cotemporary House, Zainab Ra’Ouf, Rana Mahdi Aug 2026

Spiritual Energy Of Islamic House In Forming Cotemporary House, Zainab Ra’Ouf, Rana Mahdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The pace of daily life and its requirements are getting higher and are led by technology with its direct effects on the health of the individual. There is no doubt that its benefits are endless but its negative effects on the health of the user have become clear, to reduce the negative energy accompanying it to the lowest level by facing another positive energy that is superior to restore the balance first, and overcome it to be the dominant feature of space, the house is the most important place where individuals spend most of their time, which imposes on the …

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Investigation Of Groundwater Flow Direction In Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Francis Ogbozige, Michael Toko Aug 2026

Investigation Of Groundwater Flow Direction In Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Francis Ogbozige, Michael Toko

Engineering and Technology Journal

The lack of reliable municipal water supply in the city of Port Harcourt has led to indiscriminate drilling of boreholes by the residents however, the direction of groundwater flow within the entire city has not been established. Hence, the research investigated the flow direction of groundwater in the study area in order to understand the best location for siting septic tanks and dumpsites with respect to the position of the existing or proposed borehole. This was achieved by determining the hydraulic heads (Hh) of twenty boreholes evenly distributed within the city by subtracting the static water level (SWL) from the …

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Effect Of Zro2 Addition On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Matrix Composite, Israa Aziz, Russul Bedien Aug 2026

Effect Of Zro2 Addition On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Matrix Composite, Israa Aziz, Russul Bedien

Engineering and Technology Journal

Aluminum – based metal matrix composite are widely used in industrial applications compared with conventional and unreinforced alloy. The composite materials usually exhibit a higher strength both at elevated and ambient temperature, as well as wear resistance. The production of composite materials which contain different weight percentage of ZrO2 (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5wt %) by stir casting process. The mechanical properties of the base alloy and composite were evaluated by using tensile and hardness tests. The microstructure inspection by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to study the fracture surface topography. The results represent …

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Optimum Simultaneous Distributed Generation Units Insertion And Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using Salp Swarm Algorithm, Ahmed .Mashal, Rashid Al-Rubayi, Mohammed Abd Aug 2026

Optimum Simultaneous Distributed Generation Units Insertion And Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using Salp Swarm Algorithm, Ahmed .Mashal, Rashid Al-Rubayi, Mohammed Abd

Engineering and Technology Journal

Contemporary researches offer that most researchers have concentrated on either network reconfiguration or Distributed Generation (DG) units insertion for boosting the performance of the distribution system (DS). However, very few researchers have been studied optimum simultaneous distributed generation units insertion and distribution networks reconfiguration (OSDGIR). In this paper, the stochastic meta-heuristic technique belong to swarm intelligence algorithms is proposed. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is inspired by the behavior of salps when navigating and foraging in the depth of the ocean. It utilized in solving OSDGIR. The objective function is to reduce power loss and voltage deviation in the Distribution System. …

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Visual Depression Diagnosis From Face Based On Various Classification Algorithms, Sana Nasser, Ivan Hashim, Wisam Ali Aug 2026

Visual Depression Diagnosis From Face Based On Various Classification Algorithms, Sana Nasser, Ivan Hashim, Wisam Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Most psychologists believe that facial behavior through depression differs from facial behavior in the absence of depression, so facial behavior can be utilized as a dependable indicator for spotting depression. Visual depression diagnosis system (VDD) establishes dependents on expressions of the face that are expense-effective and movable. At this work, the VDD system is designed according to the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to extract features of the face. The key concept of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to explain the whole face behavior utilizing Action Units (AUs), every AU is linked to the motion of unique or maybe …

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Characteristics Of Eco-Friendly Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete Pavement Bricks, Wasan Khalil, Qias Frayyeh, Mahmood Ahmed Aug 2026

Characteristics Of Eco-Friendly Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete Pavement Bricks, Wasan Khalil, Qias Frayyeh, Mahmood Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility to recycled and reused of waste clay brick and waste plastic as constituents in the production of green Geopolymer concrete paving bricks. Powder of clay brick waste (WBP) was used as a partial replacement of Metakaolin (MK) in Geopolymer binder. Moreover, recycled clay brick waste aggregate (BA) and plastic waste aggregate (PL) were incorporated as coarse aggregate in mixtures of Metakaolin based Geopolymer concrete (MK-GPC) pavement bricks. Six types of mixtures were prepared and cast as pavement bricks with dimensions of 150×150×100 mm. All samples have been tested for compressive …

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Simulation Of Self-Healing In Samawa City Distribution System, Mithaq Kadham, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab Aug 2026

Simulation Of Self-Healing In Samawa City Distribution System, Mithaq Kadham, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab

Engineering and Technology Journal

Self-healing is the ability of a distribution system to automatically restore power after permanent faults. This paper investigates the impact of outages in the distribution network elements following the occurrence of a fault. The work aims to restore maximum available power to consumers in the affected areas, after the isolation of faulted parts, by optimal procedure of switching operations. In this work, CYMDIST software was used for the simulation and analyses of a distribution network in Samawa City. MATLAB 2017b/Simulink was used to implement self-healing, through the simulation of smart protection system that is controlled remotely by a central control …

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Studying The Erosion Corrosion Behavior Of Nicraly Coating Layer Applied On Aisi 446 Stainless Steel Using Thermal Spray Technique, Ghufran Matrood, Ahmed Al-Gaban, Hussain Yousif Aug 2026

Studying The Erosion Corrosion Behavior Of Nicraly Coating Layer Applied On Aisi 446 Stainless Steel Using Thermal Spray Technique, Ghufran Matrood, Ahmed Al-Gaban, Hussain Yousif

Engineering and Technology Journal

Erosion-Corrosion behavior of NiCrAlY coatings deposited on 446 stainless steel samples by flame thermal spraying was performed in this research. The hardness of uncoated and coated sample is measured, using HVS-1000 Digital Micro hardness Tester. The results of hardness show that the coated samples have higher hardness than uncoated samples. Microstructure and phase analysis of the coating layer was observed by using optical microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM respectively. Erosion –Corrosion test was performed in different period of time (6, 12, and 18 hr.) using the erosion-corrosion system. The result shows that because of uniform distribution and homogeneous of …

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Segmentation Approach For A Noisy Iris Images Based On Hybrid Techniques, Hala Abdelwahed, Ashwaq Hashim, Ahmed Hasan Aug 2026

Segmentation Approach For A Noisy Iris Images Based On Hybrid Techniques, Hala Abdelwahed, Ashwaq Hashim, Ahmed Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Iris recognition indicates the procedure of recognizing humans based on their both left and right iris patterns. Nowadays there is rapid progress in realizing an old dream of developing a user-friendly recognition system. Most of the new projects became a nightmare of security of the system. The prosperity of iris recognition aside from its attractive physical characteristics is led to developing an efficient feature extractor to attain the required objective of recognition. Fingerprint, facial, and iris biometric techniques are developed widely for identifying processing most boarded management points, access control, and military checkpoints. Hybridization between Daugman’s Integro Differential Operator (IDO) …

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Experimental Investigation Of The Production Of Sustainable Lightweight Concrete, Mouhammed J. Lafta Aug 2026

Experimental Investigation Of The Production Of Sustainable Lightweight Concrete, Mouhammed J. Lafta

Engineering and Technology Journal

An experimental study on four types of coarse aggregate was conducted to produce lightweight concrete. These four types are namely; white limestone, red limestone, clay brick fragments, and pumice. Ordinary Portland cement was used for all examined mixes. Water to cement ratio (w/c) was modified according to the effect of coarse aggregate type on the workability of the resulted concrete for each mix. The reference concrete mix, which is normal concrete, water to cement ratio used was (0.5). The investigated characteristics for all concrete mixes were workability, compressive strength, dry density, absorption, and thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the aggregate …

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Design And Implementation Of A Wireless System To Locate A User In Indoor Environments, Amnah Kareem, Wisam Ali, Manal Jasim Aug 2026

Design And Implementation Of A Wireless System To Locate A User In Indoor Environments, Amnah Kareem, Wisam Ali, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The technology of indoor positioning has pulled in the consideration of researchers the expanding capability of smartphones and the advancement of sensor innovation, alongside the increase the time people spend working inside the building or being indoors. Sensor innovation, which is one of the most generally utilized information hotspots for indoor setting, has a favorable position that sensors can receive information from a cell phone without introducing any additional device. The idea of the proposed system is to use the Wi-Fi access points, inside the building, together with a Smartphone Wi-Fi sensor which lets the building administrator locate those carrying …

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Electrochemical Characteristics Of High-Volume Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Hydrated Lime, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr, Mahmood Mohammed Aug 2026

Electrochemical Characteristics Of High-Volume Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Hydrated Lime, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr, Mahmood Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Currently, the use of high-volume fly ash lightweight concrete, HVFALWC, has acquired popularity as a durable, resource-efficient, and an option of sustainability for varying concrete applications. Electrochemical characteristics such as half- cell potential, AC resistance, chloride penetration, free chloride, and pH value, up to 180 days were investigated for this type of concrete that uses 50% and 60% of fly ash as a replacement of Portland cement. The effect of using 10% hydrated lime powder as a partial substitute for the weight of cementitious materials for HVFALWC on electrochemical properties was also studied. The results in this study showed the …

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Compressive Performance Of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns, Mushtaq Radhi, Maan S. Hassan, Iqbal Gorgis Aug 2026

Compressive Performance Of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns, Mushtaq Radhi, Maan S. Hassan, Iqbal Gorgis

Engineering and Technology Journal

Corrosion of reinforcement has been identified as the deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete structures, which seriously affects the safety and integrity of structures. The corrosion of the embedded reinforcing steel in concrete is a major problem facing civil engineers today, which initiates 80% of the reinforced concrete structures deterioration. This paper reveals the outcomes of an experimental investigation on the mechanical performance (residual strength) of circular steel reinforced columns which have been damaged by corrosion of the steel rebar. Small scale circular reinforced concrete columns with a diameter of 100 mm and 300 mm in height were adopted. Different rates …

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Application Of Treated Iraqi Rice Husk As Adsorbent For Phosphate Removal From Aqueous Solution, Anaam Sabri, Yaser Hashim Aug 2026

Application Of Treated Iraqi Rice Husk As Adsorbent For Phosphate Removal From Aqueous Solution, Anaam Sabri, Yaser Hashim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the present work, agricultural waste, (Iraqi rice husk A’anbar type) was developed with thermal and chemical treatments for using as an adsorbent to remove phosphate anion from aqueous solution and the thermal treatment at 500oC was the best.Batch experiments were conducted to obtain the maximum removal of phosphate via changing the parameters of the process, such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial solute concentration, and the existence of competitive anions upon the removal of phosphate and was investigated. The adsorbent characterization was performed employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), the BET surface …

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Studying The Effect Of A New Mixed Cutting Fluid On Surface Roughness, Mohammed Shaker, Salah Jawad, Maan Tawfiq Aug 2026

Studying The Effect Of A New Mixed Cutting Fluid On Surface Roughness, Mohammed Shaker, Salah Jawad, Maan Tawfiq

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research studied the influence of cutting fluids and cutting parameters on the surface roughness for stainless steel worked by turning machine in dry and wet cutting cases. The work was done with different cutting speeds, and feed rates with a fixed depth of cutting. During the machining process, heat was generated and effects of higher surface roughness of work material. In this study, the effects of some cutting fluids, and dry cutting on surface roughness have been examined in turning of AISI316 stainless steel material. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) instead of other soluble oils has been used and …

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Accuracy Assessment Of Digital Elevation Models Produced From Different Geomatics Data, Imzahim Abdulkareem, Zina Samuel, Qassim Abdullah Aug 2026

Accuracy Assessment Of Digital Elevation Models Produced From Different Geomatics Data, Imzahim Abdulkareem, Zina Samuel, Qassim Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are now being used in several geospatial applications. DEMs play an important role in the preliminary surveys for constructing dams and reservoirs, highways, canals, and projects in which earth work is essential. In many remote sensing applications, DEMs have become a significant tool for InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) processing, ground cover classification and images ortho-rectification. In this study, the accuracy of DEMs obtained from ALOS V1.1, ASTER V2, SRTM V3 and other obtained from a pair of Pleiades high-resolution (PHR) 1B satellites in a study area were evaluated after comparing them with high accuracy GNSS/RTK …

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New Trend To Measure The Saturation Point And Suction In Granular Soil, Ahmed Al-Gharbawi, Mohammed Fattah, Mahmood Mahmood Aug 2026

New Trend To Measure The Saturation Point And Suction In Granular Soil, Ahmed Al-Gharbawi, Mohammed Fattah, Mahmood Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

There are many methods to measure the suction and saturation point of any soil and the most used is Tensiometer. The objective of this research is to investigate a new trend to measure the saturation point and suction by using soil moisture content sensors (SMCS) and compare the procedure with tensiometer for the granular soil. The soil in this study has been prepared at three relative densities (5%, 35% and 75%) used. The results show that the readings of SMCS become stable when the water content is more than 20% with different relative densities. The relative density did not affect …

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Green Synthesis Of Iron Nanoparticles Using Black Tea Leaves Extract As Adsorbent For Removing Eriochrome Blue-Black B Dye, Dalal Ghanim, Ghayda Al-Kindi, Ahmed Hassan Aug 2026

Green Synthesis Of Iron Nanoparticles Using Black Tea Leaves Extract As Adsorbent For Removing Eriochrome Blue-Black B Dye, Dalal Ghanim, Ghayda Al-Kindi, Ahmed Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, the world has directed to find environmentally friendly and clean materials to be used to treat wastes difficult to treat in the traditional way such as dyes. The object of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles using black tea extracts in an environmentally sustainable method. Also, it was developed by supporting with bentonite, used to remove Eriochrome blue-black B dyes from synthesis wastewater of textile factory. From the results, it was noted that black tea leaf extract has reduced iron ions to iron nanoparticles at room temperature. Composite iron nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and …

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