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Articles 26941 - 26970 of 31393
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Portrayals Of Autism On Tv And Impact On Autistic Viewers’ Self Esteem, Sam Ryan
Portrayals Of Autism On Tv And Impact On Autistic Viewers’ Self Esteem, Sam Ryan
Scripps Senior Theses
Portrayals of autism on TV are frequently rife with negative portrayals and inaccuracies, but also contain positive portrayals (Jones et al., 2023). These inevitably both promote stigma and educate individuals about autistic individuals, and also serve to directly and/or indirectly impact their well being. The current study aims to explore how combinations of positive and negative TV portrayals of autism impact autistic viewers’ self esteem. Participants will be exposed to clips of fictional autistic characters on TV shows, and their self esteem will be assessed with the Self Esteem IAT. It is expected that participants who view higher ratios of …
Transcending Boundaries: Integrating Scientific Perspectives In Liberal Arts Education, Zlata Božac
Transcending Boundaries: Integrating Scientific Perspectives In Liberal Arts Education, Zlata Božac
GHEA21 Open Educational Resources
Transcending Boundaries: Integrating Scientific Perspectives in Liberal Arts Education confronts the enduring divide between the sciences and humanities, a split famously critiqued by C.P. Snow in his essay "The Two Cultures". While liberal arts education now includes natural sciences alongside humanities and social sciences, many Core Curriculum courses still fail to resonate with STEM students. These students often find such courses disconnected from their academic interests, perceiving them as irrelevant or lacking transferable skills.
This guide aims to bridge that gap by providing practical strategies and class exercises that integrate scientific thinking into the broader liberal arts framework. Drawing on …
If You Give A Tadpole A Chemosensory Stimulus: Detection Of Invasive Predatory Cues And Signs Of Conspecific Communication In Pseudacris Sierra Tadpoles, Faben Tesfazion
If You Give A Tadpole A Chemosensory Stimulus: Detection Of Invasive Predatory Cues And Signs Of Conspecific Communication In Pseudacris Sierra Tadpoles, Faben Tesfazion
Scripps Senior Theses
Amphibians are at disproportionately higher risks of extinction than all other vertebrate classes, and a major causing factor is invasive predation. The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), native to Eastern North America, is a notorious invasive species which preys on native Sierran treefrogs (Pseudacris sierra) in Northern and Central California. These treefrogs have yet to be placed on any Special Animals List, suggesting the presence of adopted behaviors against predation. Past studies have documented the importance of chemical sensing in anuran tadpoles as predator detection tools. This study tests if Sierran treefrog tadpoles can recognize invasive chemical …
The Association Between Obstetric Violence And Postpartum Depression Among Latina Women In The United States: An Integrative Review, Natalia Alameda
The Association Between Obstetric Violence And Postpartum Depression Among Latina Women In The United States: An Integrative Review, Natalia Alameda
Scripps Senior Theses
Obstetric violence, a structural form of gender-based violence, involves abuse, mistreatment, or neglect by healthcare providers during obstetric care. It is often associated with childbirth trauma and may result in physical and psychological harm to mothers and children, including postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or within four weeks following delivery. While these concepts are often studied independently, few studies examine their intersection, particularly among Latina women in the United States. To address this gap, an integrative literature review was conducted to explore the association between obstetric violence and postpartum depression among Latina women. …
Right-Wing Populist Mobilizations And Gender: France's Rassemblement National And Italy's Fratelli D'Italia, Meredith Mckinley
Right-Wing Populist Mobilizations And Gender: France's Rassemblement National And Italy's Fratelli D'Italia, Meredith Mckinley
Scripps Senior Theses
European right-wing populist (RWP) parties are increasingly touting their attention to women’s issues and representation, and this has coincided with stronger electoral performances. Thus, the following puzzles emerge: how have RWP parties harnessed gender frames, issue salience, and women’s representation as part of a mainstreaming process, and through what mechanisms are these strategies resonating with voters? I address these questions by comparing France’s Rassemblement National (RN) and Italy’s Fratelli d’Italia (FdI), tracing their developments from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. I find that immigrants’ perceived relationship with the welfare state, feelings of insecurity due to terrorism, and RWP …
Pleasure As Pedagogy: Rethinking Risk-Based Narratives In Contemporary Sex Education, Hadley M. Iselin
Pleasure As Pedagogy: Rethinking Risk-Based Narratives In Contemporary Sex Education, Hadley M. Iselin
Scripps Senior Theses
Contemporary sex education in the United States overwhelmingly emphasizes risk prevention, focusing on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy, and sexual assault, largely omitting discussions of sexual pleasure. Recognizing this gap, this thesis explores how pleasure can function as a central pedagogical tool in sex education. Grounded in framing theory, social constructionism, theories of biopower, and a sociological theory of pleasure, this thesis examines how dominant risk-based narratives impact the efficacy of sex education. Using qualitative methodology, I conducted semi-structured interviews with students from the Claremont Colleges to investigate how their early sex education experiences shaped their later understandings of sex …
Crafting Cultural Power: Artistic Interventions As Tools For Political Organizing Among Los Angeles Street Vendors, Corina M. Silverstein
Crafting Cultural Power: Artistic Interventions As Tools For Political Organizing Among Los Angeles Street Vendors, Corina M. Silverstein
Scripps Senior Theses
This thesis focuses on the intersections of collaborative and artistic interventions (such as collective songwriting and poetry) within the ongoing fight to legalize and decriminalize street vending in Los Angeles. Through the close partnership with Community Power Collective (CPC), this thesis analyzes the use of narrative in artistic collaborations and oral traditions throughout the political mobilization of street vendors in Los Angeles. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this investigation explores the use of early influences of street theater, to collective songwriting workshops, as well as artistic collaborations with local artists. Ultimately, suggesting CPC’s use of artistic practices and collaborations are essential …
Preservation At A Price: Nuanced Environmental Policy And The Loss Of Working Landscapes In Point Reyes National Seashore, Carlyn R. Cunningham
Preservation At A Price: Nuanced Environmental Policy And The Loss Of Working Landscapes In Point Reyes National Seashore, Carlyn R. Cunningham
Scripps Senior Theses
In January 2025, the National Park Service’s decision to phase out ranching at Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS) was widely celebrated as a victory for environmentalism. Yet beneath the headlines lies a more complicated reality. This thesis argues that the removal of historic ranches from PRNS reflects not a triumph of conservation, but a profound missed opportunity for climate leadership, community resilience, and regenerative stewardship. Drawing on historical records, environmental management policies, and case studies such as Straus Family Creamery, this research examines how public perception, litigation, and internal agency pressures shaped the outcome. It explores how ranchers, originally promised …
2024-2025 Georgia Southern University Women's Swimming And Diving Roster, Georgia Southern University
2024-2025 Georgia Southern University Women's Swimming And Diving Roster, Georgia Southern University
Women's Swimming Records
No abstract provided.
Workplace Retaliation And The Intersection Of Protected Conduct And Job Performance, Chris Schmidt
Workplace Retaliation And The Intersection Of Protected Conduct And Job Performance, Chris Schmidt
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Promoting International Criminal Justice In Korea: A Korean War Crimes Tribunal?, John M. B. Balouziyeh
Promoting International Criminal Justice In Korea: A Korean War Crimes Tribunal?, John M. B. Balouziyeh
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy
Since the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed between representatives of United Nations Command, the Korean People’s Army, and the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army in 1953, tensions have run high on the Korean Peninsula. North Korea has time and again threatened an invasion of South Korea and has issued warnings to South Korea that, if provoked, it would not hesitate to use nuclear missiles and chemical weapons against its southern neighbor. Both the threat of an invasion and the deployment of weapons of mass destruction leave open an important question in the event of an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula: …
Husbandry Of Jellyfish And Ctenophores: Why Gelatinous Forms Thrive In Their Natural Habitat And Yet Often Struggle To Survive In Aquaria, Regina Garza Ramirez
Husbandry Of Jellyfish And Ctenophores: Why Gelatinous Forms Thrive In Their Natural Habitat And Yet Often Struggle To Survive In Aquaria, Regina Garza Ramirez
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
Recent observations in the behaviors of several gelatinous forms in the wild have demonstrated that human impacts to their environment have likely accelerated growth of their populations tremendously. Interestingly enough, population growth of jellyfish and ctenophores in aquariums and artificial habitats is less often observed under controlled conditions, while they often bloom in rapidly changing environments of nature. Seeking the knowledge of aquarists and researchers that have worked directly with gelatinous animals through interviews, and documenting the experiences of each individual, allowed acquisition of data that can be used to compare the reproductive success of these animals in captivity and …
Serum Metabolome Profiling In Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Reveals Sex Differences In Lipid Metabolism, Rocio Diaz Escarcega, Vijay Kumar M J, Vasilia E Kyriakopoulos, Guadalupe J Ortiz, Aaron M Gusdon, Huihui Fan, Pedram Peesh, Maria P Blasco Conesa, Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Hilda W Ahnstedt, Lucy Couture, Stella H Kim, Miriam Hinojosa, Christine M Farrell, Sean P Marrelli, Akihiko Urayama, Bhanu P Ganesh, Paul E Schulz, Louise D Mccullough, Andrey S Tsvetkov
Serum Metabolome Profiling In Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Reveals Sex Differences In Lipid Metabolism, Rocio Diaz Escarcega, Vijay Kumar M J, Vasilia E Kyriakopoulos, Guadalupe J Ortiz, Aaron M Gusdon, Huihui Fan, Pedram Peesh, Maria P Blasco Conesa, Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Hilda W Ahnstedt, Lucy Couture, Stella H Kim, Miriam Hinojosa, Christine M Farrell, Sean P Marrelli, Akihiko Urayama, Bhanu P Ganesh, Paul E Schulz, Louise D Mccullough, Andrey S Tsvetkov
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more women than men. Although women live longer than men, it is not longevity alone, but other factors, including metabolic changes, that contribute to the higher risk of AD in women. Metabolic pathways have been implicated in AD progression, but studies to date examined targeted pathways, leaving many metabolites unmeasured. Sex is often a neglected biological variable, and most metabolomic studies were not designed to investigate sex differences in metabolomic profiles. Here, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling of sera from male and female patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a common precursor to AD, and matched …
Sex Differences In Brain Iron Deposition And Microglial Ferritin In Alzheimer’S Disease, Syed Mushfiqur Rahman, Chunfeng Tan, Akiyoshi Kakita, Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
Sex Differences In Brain Iron Deposition And Microglial Ferritin In Alzheimer’S Disease, Syed Mushfiqur Rahman, Chunfeng Tan, Akiyoshi Kakita, Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Objective
Iron is the most abundant metal in the human brain, and plays a crucial role in many biological processes. However, disruptions in brain iron metabolism can lead to iron buildup, which occurs with aging and is linked to several brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, have the highest capacity to store iron, which is stored intracellularly within ferritin complexes. Importantly, women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and experience faster disease progression compared to men.
Methods
We used postmortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease and small vessel disease patients …
Promoting Acorn Survival Using Capsaicin Seed Coatings Is Strengthened By The Removal Of Invasive Shrubs, Mark Fuka, Brian M. Connolly, John L. Orrock
Promoting Acorn Survival Using Capsaicin Seed Coatings Is Strengthened By The Removal Of Invasive Shrubs, Mark Fuka, Brian M. Connolly, John L. Orrock
Biology Faculty Scholarship
Promoting regeneration of native trees, like Quercus spp., is a priority for land managers given the ecological and economic importance of oak woodlands. Although direct seeding may promote recruitment of Quercus spp., the effectiveness of direct seeding may be greatly reduced in environments where the activity of granivorous rodents is high. Importantly, the activity of granivorous rodents may be highest in environments where oak restoration is most desired, such as habitats invaded by non-native woody shrubs. Implementing chemical deterrents to granivory should promote direct seeding success; yet it is essential to understand if those deterrents are effective in challenging restoration …
The Triangle Of Social Media, Mental Health, And Activism: Lessons From July 2024 Anti-Discrimination Students Movement In Bangladesh, Md Belal Hossain
The Triangle Of Social Media, Mental Health, And Activism: Lessons From July 2024 Anti-Discrimination Students Movement In Bangladesh, Md Belal Hossain
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
This project explores social media, mental health, and activism as three interconnected avenues of academic inquiry in the context of a student movement called the Anti-Discriminatory Students Movement (ADSM), that took place in July-August 2024 in Bangladesh. The movement, also called July Revolution (Bangladesh), overthrew a 16-year-ruling autocratic government and propelled the nation towards significant structural and political reform efforts. Utilizing a mixed method approach, including key informant interviews (N=6) and an online survey (N=396), it investigates how the triangle of social media, mental health, and activism evolved during this movement. Interview analysis reveals five major themes: 1) Ambiguity in …
Beyond The Shadows: Unveiling The Dynamics Of Gender-Based Violence In Malawi Through Advocates’ Perspectives, Sarah Temwa Padoko
Beyond The Shadows: Unveiling The Dynamics Of Gender-Based Violence In Malawi Through Advocates’ Perspectives, Sarah Temwa Padoko
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a term commonly used to describe harm inflicted upon individuals due to gendered power inequalities. In Malawi, GBV remains a significant barrier to achieving gender justice, with its pervasive nature hindering progress in areas such as health, education, and economic empowerment. This research explores the dynamics of GBV in Malawi through the experiences of advocates working to address the issue. Using semi-structured interviews and qualitative data analysis, the study investigates the prevalent forms of GBV, its root causes, and the far-reaching impacts it has on individuals and communities. Additionally, the research proposes evidence-based solutions to strengthen …
A Vision Transformer Based Assistive System For Dermatological Diagnosis In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Syeda Lamima Farhat
A Vision Transformer Based Assistive System For Dermatological Diagnosis In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Syeda Lamima Farhat
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and often underdiagnosed autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and presents with a wide range of symptoms-ranging from fatigue and joint pain to life-threatening organ damage. One of its most visible and diagnostically significant indicators is the Butterfly Malar Rash (BMR), a distinctive facial rash that often resembles other common dermatological conditions like rosacea, acne, eczema, and fifth disease. This overlap can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed detection, especially in busy clinical environments. To assist dermatologists in distinguishing BMR from similar facial rashes, this study explores the development of an AI-powered image classification …
Environmental Monitoring Plan: For Work To Be Performed: July 1, 2024, Through June 30, 2025, Tennessee. Department Of Environment And Conservation.
Environmental Monitoring Plan: For Work To Be Performed: July 1, 2024, Through June 30, 2025, Tennessee. Department Of Environment And Conservation.
Environmental Monitoring Plans
The Tennessee Department of Enviornment and Conservation, Division of Remediation, Oak Ridge (TDEC DoR-OR), provides the annual Fiscal Year 2025 EMP for the period of July 1, 2024, through June 30, 2025. This report is submitted as a comprehensive plan for TDEC DoR-OR monitoring and assessment activities across the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, (ORR) in accordance with terms of both the Environmental Surveillance and Oversight Agreement (ESOA), as well as in support of activities being conducted under the Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA).
Understanding The Effect Of Restorative Leadership Development In Parent Or Caregiver Differentiation Of Self In Chronically Conflicted Family Systems Experiencing Chronic Absenteeism/Truancy, Lisa J. Welter
All Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to understand the effectiveness of restorative leadership development and coaching in parent or caregiver differentiation of self in chronically conflicted family systems experiencing chronic absenteeism or truancy. This mixed method study employed a program evaluation approach that examines parent pre- and post-survey results after engaging with The Parent Line over nine weeks. A third-party statistician collected and analyzed the data to provide research transparency. The research includes a review of the biblical book of Genesis 37-50 examining Joseph's attributes towards differentiation of self in a chronically anxious family system and a literature review that examined the parental …
Insights Into Female Urinary Microbiota Through Long-Read 16s Rrna Sequencing, Jerrin John
Insights Into Female Urinary Microbiota Through Long-Read 16s Rrna Sequencing, Jerrin John
Dissertations
The human urinary microbiome—once thought to be sterile—is now recognized as a dynamic, low-biomass microbial community with potential implications for urinary tract health. Conventional short-read 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting individual variable regions often lacks the taxonomic resolution needed to distinguish closely related species, while culture-based methods may miss fastidious or low-abundance taxa. We applied full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing across all nine variable regions to daily urine samples collected from asymptomatic premenopausal female participants. Sequence data were processed with a modified DADA2 pipeline optimized for long reads to generate exact sequence variants. We compared species-level community profiles against both …
Dynamic Expression Of Transposable Elements Contributes To Molecular And Behavioral Adaptations To Cocaine, Gabriella M. Silva
Dynamic Expression Of Transposable Elements Contributes To Molecular And Behavioral Adaptations To Cocaine, Gabriella M. Silva
Theses and Dissertations
The comorbidity of substance use disorder (SUDs) — specifically cocaine use disorder (CUD)— with anxiety and social deficit disorders complicates effective long-term treatment. More research is needed to understand the brain-region and cell type-specific mechanisms underlying these disorders to better address treatment gaps. This dissertation investigates the role of the transcription factor of interest ZFP189, a Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) zinc finger protein (ZFP), in governing pro-social behavior and the development of CUD across interconnected brain regions. We show that ZFP189 directly regulates transposable elements (TEs), repetitive DNA sequences capable of mobilizing and reinserting into the genome, which leads to subsequent …
Physiological Responses And Plant Trait Interactions With Coastal Dune And Swale Development, Emily C. Riffe
Physiological Responses And Plant Trait Interactions With Coastal Dune And Swale Development, Emily C. Riffe
Theses and Dissertations
Vegetation is crucial to coastal ecosystems experiencing climate change and storm-induced disturbance. Plant species interact with the physical environment and are considered “ecosystem engineers.” Sand dunes and barrier islands are at the forefront of climate change impacts as they are barriers that protect landward habitat and communities. Nature based solutions are utilized to protect infrastructure on developed coastlines. Understanding how dominant plant species interact with and alter the physical environment enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of change and consequences to the system. The goal of this research was to quantify physiological and functional trait differences in dominant species found …
Into The Thick Of It: Using Antitrust Law To Trim Patent Thickets And Lower The Price Of Prescription Drugs, Nachtrieb, William
Into The Thick Of It: Using Antitrust Law To Trim Patent Thickets And Lower The Price Of Prescription Drugs, Nachtrieb, William
Santa Clara Law Review
What would you do if the only drug that could potentially save your lifeispricedsohighthatyouwouldfacefinancialruintopayforit? For many Americans, this dilemma is not a hypothetical but a reality. Those who decide to follow doctor’s orders and pay for their prescriptions sometimes face crushing financial burden. It is not a secret that the price of pharmaceutical drugs in the United States is crippling for many patients. Indeed, the high price of prescriptions is one of the few issues that has garnered bi-partisan concern, with both Joseph Biden and Donald Trump vowing to fight to lower costs. This Note identifies the practice of “patent …
Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2025, 145th Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting
Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings
Program
Aeronautics and Space Science
Biological and Medical Sciences
Biology
Chemistry
Earth Sciences
Science Education
Anthropology
Applied Science and Technology
Physics and Engineering
Forensic Sciences
Ecology, Sustainability, and Environmental Science
Maiben Lecture: Mary Ann Vinton, "State of the Academy"
Friends of Science Awards: David Crouse and Daniel Sitzman
Religious ‘Mature Care’ As An Ethical Framework For Pastoral Caregiving: Justification, Adaptation, And Mental Health Benefits, Carl Jayson D. Hernandez
Religious ‘Mature Care’ As An Ethical Framework For Pastoral Caregiving: Justification, Adaptation, And Mental Health Benefits, Carl Jayson D. Hernandez
Philosophy Department Faculty Publications
Pastoral caregivers often carry the task of caring for their community’s holistic wellbeing, especially the spiritual dimension. However, religious doctrines and practices often highlight the altruistic understanding of care. An overemphasis on this perspective can lead to a form of solaltrism—the opposite of solipsism. Given this risk, this paper explores and proposes the paradigmatic shift toward mature care as a viable ethical framework for pastoral caregiving. Mature care is an ethical framework that considers the interests of all involved and affected parties in the decisionmaking process. When applying such an ethical framework, I postulate possible consequent mental health benefits, especially …
Re-Claiming Innovation: Advancing Critical Perspectives In Educational Research, Seán H., Rowena Anthea A. Azada-Palacios, A. Bryan
Re-Claiming Innovation: Advancing Critical Perspectives In Educational Research, Seán H., Rowena Anthea A. Azada-Palacios, A. Bryan
Philosophy Department Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Predicting Lung Cancer Severity Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Enhanced By Statistical Analysis, Esin Bilgin
Predicting Lung Cancer Severity Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Enhanced By Statistical Analysis, Esin Bilgin
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Cancer is a serious and severe cause seen in every region of the world and severely affects the quality of life and life span. Among the various types of cancer, lung cancer is one of the most critical, having a fatal impact on life. While medical imaging techniques, laboratory results, and biomarkers play a significant role in diagnosis and prognosis, clinical studies are also crucial in monitoring the progression of cancer and identifying diagnostic and prognostic factors. The findings demonstrate satisfactory accuracy, and the analysis incorporates statistical data with machine learning techniques. These findings play a pivotal role in supporting …
Quantifying The Vulnerability Of Smooth Dogfish And Winter Skate To Electromagnetic Fields From Offshore Wind Transmission Cables In The Mid-Atlantic Shelf, Rachel A. Sechrist
Quantifying The Vulnerability Of Smooth Dogfish And Winter Skate To Electromagnetic Fields From Offshore Wind Transmission Cables In The Mid-Atlantic Shelf, Rachel A. Sechrist
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The development of offshore wind structures in the northeastern U.S. will contribute to renewable energy goals, but will overlap with many marine species as well as economically important fisheries. High voltage transmission cables from offshore wind farms emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that elasmobranchs may detect using sensory organs known as ampullae of Lorenzini. However, sensitivity to EMFs varies by species due to differences in the number and arrangement of pores, the length of subdermal canals within the ampullae of Lorenzini sensory network, and the habitats they reside and regions they forage. For species who reside or forage in benthic regions, …
Neuroimmune Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Modulates C. Elegans Feeding Behavior In A Hunger State-Dependent Manner, Retwika Ganguly
Neuroimmune Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Modulates C. Elegans Feeding Behavior In A Hunger State-Dependent Manner, Retwika Ganguly
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Animals face the risk of encountering pathogenic microbes while searching for nutritive resources. Assessing the interplay between the benefits of nutrition vs. the risk of infection might influence the behavioral regulation of immune processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nematode roundworm, behavioral immunity is partially regulated by the innate immune molecule TOL-1: a homolog of vertebrate Toll-like Receptor (TLR) proteins. TOL-1 influences C. elegans pathogen avoidance behaviors by promoting the development of CO2-detecting chemosensory neurons, which detect a signal linked to the presence of harmful pathogens. While TOL-1′s role in pathogen avoidance is well established, its impact in an …