Digital Commons Network^™

A Propofol Binding Site In The Voltage Sensor Domain Mediates Inhibition Of Hcn1 Channel Activity, Verena Burtscher, Lei Wang, John Cowgill, Zi-Wei Chen, Christopher Edge, Edward Smith, Yongchang Chang, Lucie Delemotte, Alex S Evers, Baron Chanda

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are members of the cyclic nucleotide-binding family and are crucial for regulating cellular automaticity in many excitable cells. HCN channel activation contributes to pain perception, and propofol, a widely used anesthetic, acts as an analgesic by inhibiting the voltage-dependent activity of HCN channels. However, the molecular determinants of propofol action on HCN channels remain unknown. Here, we use a propofol-analog photoaffinity labeling reagent to identify propofol binding sites in the human HCN1 isoform. Mass spectrometry analyses combined with molecular dynamics simulations show that a binding pocket is formed by extracellularly facing residues in …

Navigating A Partnership: My Personal Reflections On Flipping The Script, Ivana Carrington

Teaching and Learning Together in Higher Education

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Emotional Contagion With An Attitude Of Gratitude, Adrienna Bartnicki, Rachel Tindall

Teaching and Learning Together in Higher Education

No abstract provided.

Fta™ Card Use For Detection Of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum In Wild Birds, Linda Purvis, Dawn E.W. Drumtra

Georgia Journal of Science

Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards are increasingly accepted as an accurate method for nucleic acid detection, including testing for the presence of various avian diseases. However, the accuracy of FTA cards for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in wild birds has not been published. Traditional techniques for testing MG in birds include serum plate agglutanation (SPA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) all of which are time consuming and require significant financial investment into specialized equipment. We tested the efficacy of using FTA cards to detect MG in wild bird carcasses collected in …

A Discussion On The Involvement Of Somalia's Children In Armed Conflict, Matilda Nash

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

This paper discusses the issue of children’s involvement in armed conflict across the historically war-torn country of Somalia. This serious breach of a child’s rights is often kept ‘under the radar’ and needs voice. Here, the immediate, short term impacts are explored in addition to the life-long consequences for a child currently involved in armed conflict and for those who have had previous experience of it. Drawing on the work of a London-based non-governmental organisation (NGO), Peace Direct, this article highlights the key challenges faced by those who attempt to tackle the problem and offers a thought-provoking, locally-led concept that …

Silicon And Phosphorus Co-Doping Of Aluminium Nitride Nanotube (Sip-Alnnt) As Sensors For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fuel Pollutants: A Computational Approach, Musa Runde, Uzairu Muhammad Sada, Friday O. Izachi, Odey S. Eburu, Anthony M.S. Pembere

Polytechnic Journal

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become one of the major pollutants of the environment today due to consistent industrial activities, which have imposed great effects on human health. PAHs are mostly present in high concentrations in soils which are associated with industrial activities and are of concern due to their carcinogenic and toxic effects. With these growing industrial activities, developing alternative methods to mitigate the increasing negative effects caused by PAHs is considered a necessity. The novelty of this study is modelled aluminium nitride nanotube with silicon and phosphorus co-doping (SiP-AlNNT) to study its potential towards the sensing and adsorption …

Synthesis, Identification And Antibacterial Study Of New Ligand Derived From Benzothiazolemethanamine And Its Complexes With Some Metal Ions, Sahar Aqeel Hussain

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

A novel substituted 5-chloro-2-benzothiazolemethanamine ligand featuring an imine ‘(-N=CH-) category, 2-((((6-chlorobenzothiazol-2-yl) methyl)imino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol (CBTMIM), was synthesized through the reaction of 2-benzothiazolemethanamine, 5-chloro, with 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde in an absolute ethanolic solution. The azomethine ligand and its metal complexes have been identified by using mass spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, C, H, N, and S elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), (FESEM) microscopy, atomic absorbance spectroscopy. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), magnetic susceptibility, and ionic conductance analysis. The chemical composition and additional measurement data of the metal complexes validate the stoichiometry of the metal: ligand ratio types that include; [M (L)], …

Development And Characterization Of Sodium Alginate-Based Active Edible Films Functionalized With Olive Mill Wastewater Extract, Nassima Hadri, Mohamed Didi Ould El-Hadj, Zineb Mahcene, Fatih Bozkurt, Rusen Metin Yildirim, Youcef Rahmani, Aicha Tedjani, Muhammet Arici

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (PCO) of Algerian origin were used to produce sodium alginate-based active films using the casting method. The effects of adding various concentrations of PCO (0%, 0.1%, and 0.2% w/v) were evaluated regarding the molecular, morphological, thermal, physicochemical, optical, barrier, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the alginate films. The FTIR and SEM results elucidated the development of a coherent cross-linked structure attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between PCO and alginate chains. Consequently, the films exhibited enhanced crystallinity and thermal stability, as revealed by DSC analysis. Moreover, PCO addition positively influenced several film properties, including …

Work-Based Learning And An Investigation Into Racial Hostility, An Autoethnographic Study, Emma Jones

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

The purpose of this research enquiry was to explore autoethnography as a useful and valid form of sociological research. To gain an understanding of its complex ethical considerations that differ from other methodologies and create an autoethnographical focus on experiences within a work based learning environment. This enquiry explores the thoughts, emotions and reactions provoked by a critical incident relating to racial hostility that stemmed from reactions to the days top news story. Investigating racism from biological and cultural aspects and examining critical race theory creates a perspective on how racist events can occur, develop and be maintained or reproduced. …

Prediction Of Patient Drug Response Via 3d Bioprinted Gastric Cancer Model Utilized Patient-Derived Tissue Laden Tissue-Specific Bioink., Yoo-Mi Choi, Deukchae Na, Goeun Yoon, Jisoo Kim, Seoyeon Min, Hee-Gyeong Yi, Soo-Jeong Cho, Jae Hee Cho, Charles Lee, Jinah Jang

Faculty Research 2025

Despite significant research progress, tumor heterogeneity remains elusive, and its complexity poses a barrier to anticancer drug discovery and cancer treatment. Response to the same drug varies across patients, and the timing of treatment is an important factor in determining prognosis. Therefore, development of patient-specific preclinical models that can predict a patient's drug response within a short period is imperative. In this study, a printed gastric cancer (pGC) model is developed for preclinical chemotherapy using extrusion-based 3D bioprinting technology and tissue-specific bioinks containing patient-derived tumor chunks. The pGC model retained the original tumor characteristics and enabled rapid drug evaluation within …

Optimizing Biofilm Assay Reproducibility And Characterizing The 12-Hydroxystearic Acid On Escherichia Coli, Khilola Khusanova

Theses and Dissertations

Biofilm formation in Escherichia coli plays a critical role in microbial chemical communication and surface-associated persistence. This study investigates the antibiofilm activity of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA), evaluating its R and S enantiomers as well as a racemic mixture. E. coli BL21, biofilms were grown under standardized laboratory conditions and quantified using the Crystal Violet staining assay. Treatment with 12-HSA resulted in a measurable reduction in biofilm biomass, with differences observed between the individual enantiomers and the mixture. These findings suggest that 12-HSA influences early adhesion and biofilm development, supporting its potential as a small-molecule modulator of bacterial surface behavior. This …

Acute Toxicity Of Chlorimuron-Ethyl To Daphnia Magna, Jack H. Bagwell

SPARK Symposium Presentations

The acute toxicity of a sulfonylurea herbicide, chlorimuron ethyl, to Daphnia magna was determined experimentally using acute toxicity tests.

A Study Of The Dormant Period Of Thaumetopoea Pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) In Bulgaria, Gergana Zaeмdzhikova, Md Habibur Rahman Salman

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis et Schiffermuller), is a significant pest affecting conifer forests in the Mediterranean region. This study investigated the diapause mechanisms and survival strategies of PPM in summer and winter feeding populations in Bulgaria. The research was conducted from February to April 2021 at five pine plantation sites known for T. pityocampa activity in southwest Bulgaria. Herein, 1224 specimens were collected across different developmental stages. The sampled populations included those exhibiting typical winter feeding as well as atypical summer feeding. Morphological assessments and monitoring of the development of the individuals were conducted under controlled …

Testing And Optimizing Methodologies For Microplastic Extractions From Owl Pellets, Merve Seyfe, Meli̇ke Seyfe, Tolga Kankiliç, Ülkü Ni̇han Tavşanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Microplastic pollution is a pressing global environmental concern, potentially threatening ecosystems and entering the food chain. Owls, as nocturnal carnivorous birds, are at significant risk of ingesting microplastics due to their diverse foraging habits. This study aimed to identify the most suitable procedure for extracting microplastics from owl pellets, focusing on efficiency, functionality, and cost and ensuring the extraction of both prey and microplastics without damage. Experiments were conducted on pellets from long-eared owl (Asio otus) collected from three different habitats in Ankara, Türkiye. The extraction of microplastics was then tested using various treatments (n = 25), involving different durations, …

The Role Of Gamma Knife In Brain Metastasis A Clinical Study Of 50 Cases, Ahmed Al Atraqchi, Ahmed Aga, Ahmed Al Juboori

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brain metastasis represent a significant source of mortality in patients with systemic cancer,they are neoplasms that originate in tissues outside (CNS) and spread to the brain. SRS is the precise delivery of focal radiotherapy to targets within the brain,SRS is delivered using dedicated radiosurgery platforms such as the Gamma Knife.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective clinical study performed in Saad Al-Witry Neuroscience Hospital,to evaluate the role of gamma knife radiosurgery as a treatment of secondary metastatic depending on tumor volume, peritumoral edema and presenting features with their effect on quality of life and survival, between January 2019 to …

Accuracy Of Node Reporting &Data System Version One Node-Rads 1.0in The Detection Of Lymph Node Metastasis In Primary Abdominopelvic Malignancies By Computed Tomography, Sabreen Alwan, Abdullateef Mustafa

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background:Evaluation of abdominal & pelvic lymph nodes on computed tomography is a ultimate task in radiological training in oncological reporting. Node –RADS1.0 was used to form a complete framework for radiological reporting of lymph nodes.Aim of the study: intended to assess lymph nodes metastasis among a sample of Iraqi patients with primary abdominopelvic tumors based on Node–RADS version 1.0 in comparison with histopathological results. Patients &Methods:This prospective comparative study was conducted at the CT unit of Oncology Teaching Hospital in the Baghdad Medical City for period from March 2021 to December 2022. The study sample included (70) patients with abdomen/ …

Bone And Growth Status In Children With Epilepsy: A Hospital Bases Study, Mokhtar Yousef, Nebal Saadi, Eman Alobeidy

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Children with epilepsy have a high burden of physical comorbidity, and they experience poor long-term medical outcomes even after remission of their epilepsy. Little is known about types of these comorbidities and their occurrence in children epilepsy in Iraq.Objectives: the aim of this study to assess bone and growth status in children with epilepsy.Patients and methods: a cross sectional case-control study was conducted in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, in the period from November 2018 to October 2019. The study included 40 children diagnosed with epilepsy and another 40 healthy children, age- and sex-matched. The following parameters were measured in …

The Correlation Of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (Amh) Level With Anthropometric Measurements In Premenopausal Women, Rana Hammadi, Mohanned Bakir, Gumar Zamil

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background :Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) can serve as a good biomarker for the ovarian reserve that can predict female fertility, studying the biological factors that impact AMH levels is necessary for predicting reproductive health outcomes . Obesity (general obesity by body mass index and central obesity by waist circumference), is associated with negative reproductive outcomes that could be related to its impact on AMH level . Female fecundity begins to decrease after women reach the age of 30 years for multifactorial causes that could be hormonal changes .Objective : The study aims to find the association of Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level …

The Postpartum Wellness Survey: Exploring The Role Of Social Determinants In The Diet–Depression Link, Ashley G. Brown

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

Postpartum mental health is a critical, yet both clinically and socially underrecognized, component of maternal care. Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 1 in 7 mothers and significantly impacts both maternal and family well-being. The Postpartum Wellness Survey (PWS) was developed to assess the interconnected relationships among dietary quality and nutrition knowledge, postpartum mood and emotional health, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Twenty-four participants within 12 months of delivery completed the survey, which integrated validated psychological and dietary assessment tools to capture community-level patterns in postpartum wellness. Composite scores across three PWS domains – Postpartum Mood and Emotional Health, …

Atrx Silences Cartpt Expression In Osteoblastic Cells During Skeletal Development, Yi-Ting Chen, Ming-Ming Jiang, Carolina Leynes, Mary Adeyeye, Camilla F Majano, Barakat Ibrahim, Urszula Polak, George Hung, Zixue Jin, Denise G Lanza, Lan Liao, Brian Dawson, Yuqing Chen-Evenson, Oscar E Ruiz, Richard J Gibbons, Jason D Heaney, Yangjin Bae, Brendan Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein ATRX is an essential regulator involved in maintenance of DNA structure and chromatin state and regulation of gene expression during development. ATRX was originally identified as the monogenic cause of X-linked α-thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome. Affected individuals display a variety of developmental abnormalities and skeletal deformities. Studies from others investigated the role of ATRX in skeletal development by tissue-specific Atrx knockout. However, the impact of ATRX during early skeletal development has not been examined. Using preosteoblast-specific Atrx conditional knockout mice, we observed increased trabecular bone mass and decreased osteoclast number in bone. In vitro coculture …

Metabolism Of Co And H2 By Pioneer Bacteria In Volcanic Soils And The Phyllosphere, Nicola Fantom, Robin A. Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc, Edina Prondvai, Philippe Constant, Gary M. King, Hendrik Schäfer, Marcela Hernández

Publications

Trace gas degradation is a widespread metabolic adaptation in microbial communities, driving chemosynthesis and providing auxiliary energy that enhances persistence during nutrient starvation. In particular, carbon monoxide and hydrogen degradation can be of crucial importance for pioneering microbial communities colonising new, oligotrophic environmental niches, such as fresh volcanic deposits or the aerial interface of the phyllosphere. After volcanic eruptions, trace gas metabolism helps pioneer colonisers to initiate soil formation in ash deposits and on recently solidified lava, a vital ecosystem service. Similarly, in the phyllosphere, bacteria colonising newly emerging leaves and shoots, and/or persisting on the oligotrophic surface of plants, …

Multiparametric Mri Along With Machine Learning Predicts Prognosis And Treatment Response In Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni, Adam Kraya, Komal Rathi, Meen Chul Kim, Arastoo Vossough, Nastaran Khalili, Ariana Familiar, Deep Gandhi, Neda Khalili, Varun Kesherwani, Debanjan Haldar, Hannah Anderson, Run Jin, Aria Mahtabfar, Sina Bagheri, Yiran Guo, Qi Li, Xiaoyan Huang, Yuankun Zhu, Alex Sickler, Matthew R Lueder, Saksham Phul, Mateusz Koptyra, Phillip Storm, Jeffrey Ware, Yuanquan Song, Christos Davatzikos, Jessica Foster, Sabine Mueller, Michael J Fisher, Adam Resnick, Ali Nabavizadeh

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) exhibit heterogeneous prognoses and variable responses to treatment, leading to tumor progression and adverse outcomes in cases where complete resection is unachievable. Early prediction of treatment responsiveness and suitability for immunotherapy has the potential to improve clinical management and outcomes. Here, we present a radiogenomic analysis of pLGGs, integrating MRI and RNA sequencing data. We identify three immunologically distinct clusters, with one group characterized by increased immune activity and poorer prognosis, indicating potential benefit from immunotherapies. We develop a radiomic signature that predicts these immune profiles with over 80% accuracy. Furthermore, our clinicoradiomic model predicts progression-free …

Brand Equity Applied To The Fmcg Industry Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study Of Private Label Products In Ireland, Javier Casanoves-Boix, Ana Cruz-Garcia, Sonia García-Lafuente

Dept. of Marketing & International Business Publications

Introduction: This study aims to examine the significance of brand equity in private label products in Ireland, focusing on the period before and during the covid-19 pandemic.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 412 citizens of Cork (Ireland) who normally consume this kind of products. Five-point Likert scales were used to measure the main elements of brand equity, based on the previous studies found in the literature. IBM-SPSS29 was used as a working tool.

Results and discussion: The results show a positive relationship between perceptions of all variables related to brand equity both before and during covid-19, with …

Pivotal Roles Of Biglycan And Decorin In Regulating Bone Mass, Water Retention, And Bone Toughness, Rui Hua, Yan Han, Qingwen Ni, Roberto J. Fajardo, Renato V. Iozzo, Rafay Ahmed, Jeffry S. Nyman, Xiaodu Wang, Jean X. Jiang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Proteoglycans, key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix, attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Among these proteoglycans, biglycan (Bgn) and decorin (Dcn) are major subtypes, yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive. In this study, we utilized single knockout (KO) mouse models and successfully generated double KO (dKO) models despite challenges with low yield. Bgn deficiency, but not Dcn deficiency, decreased trabecular bone mass, with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups, especially in Bgn KO and dKO …

The Effects Of Active Substances Of Clinically Important Drugs On The Survival, Development, And Some Adult Traits Of Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Gökçe Üstündağ, Kemal Büyükgüzel, Ender Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was used as a model organism and fed on an artificial diet with different clinically important drugs under laboratory conditions. The effects of fluconazole, acyclovir, and piperazine on the survivorship, development, adult longevity, fecundity, and hatching rate of the insect were investigated. The results showed that the highest concentration of fluconazole (1250 mg/L) significantly decreased both the rate of larvae reaching the 3rd instar and the rate of pupation from 93.00 ± 2.95% to 11.00 ± 2.59% (χ2 = 134.696; df = 1; p = 0.0001). The highest concentration of acyclovir (200 mg/L) significantly reduced …

Novel Computational And Artificial Intelligence Models In Cancer Research, Li Liu, Fuhai Li, Xiaoming Liu, Kai Wang, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ICIBM 2023 marked the 11th annual conference of its kind, with the ICIBM recently becoming the official conference of the International Association for Intelligent Biology and Medicine (IAIBM), showcasing cutting-edge advancements at the intersection of computation and biomedical research. A summary of the ICIBM 2023 program is provided by Li et al. [1]. As in previous years, cancer research remained a prominent focus, with numerous presentations highlighting innovative approaches to understanding and treating this complex disease. To summarize these contributions, selected works have been compiled in this Special Issue, “Novel Computational and Artificial Intelligence Models in Cancer …

Nls-Binding Deficient Kapβ2 Reduces Neurotoxicity Via Selective Interaction With C9orf72-Als/Ftd Dipeptide Repeats, Kevin Kim, Amandeep Girdhar, Maria Elena Cicardi, V. Kankate, Miyuki Hayashi, Ruoyu Yang, Jenny Carey, Charlotte M Fare, James Shorter, Gino Cingolani, Davide Trotti, Lin Guo

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs) are highly toxic proteins found in patients with C9orf72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). R-DPRs can cause toxicity by disrupting the natural phase behavior of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Mitigating this abnormal phase behavior is, therefore, crucial to reduce R-DPR-induced toxicity. Here, we use FUS as a model RBP to investigate the mechanism of R-DPR-induced aberrant RBP phase transition. We find that this phase transition can be mitigated by Kapβ2. However, as a nuclear import receptor and phase modifier for PY-NLS-containing RBPs, the function of WT Kapβ2 could lead to undesired interaction with its …

Nucleus-Translocated Gclm Promotes Chemoresistance In Colorectal Cancer Through A Moonlighting Function, Jin-Fei Lin, Ze-Xian Liu, Dong-Liang Chen, Ren-Ze Huang, Fen Cao, Kai Yu, Ting Li, Hai-Yu Mo, Hui Sheng, Zhi-Bing Liang, Kun Liao, Yi Han, Shan-Shan Li, Zhao-Lei Zeng, Song Gao, Huai-Qiang Ju, Rui-Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Metabolic enzymes perform moonlighting functions during tumor progression, including the modulation of chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of these functions remain elusive. Here, utilizing a metabolic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout library screen, we observe that the loss of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, noticeably increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we unveil a noncanonical mechanism through which nuclear GCLM competitively interacts with NF-kappa-B (NF-κB)-repressing factor (NKRF), to promote NF-κB activity and facilitate chemoresistance. In response to platinum drug treatment, GCLM is phosphorylated by P38 …

Cardiovascular Disease And Breast Cancer Stage At Diagnosi\S, Ivan Angelov, Allen M Haas, Elizabeth Brock, Lingfeng Luo, Jing Zhao, Benjamin D Smith, Sharon H Giordano, Nicholas J Leeper, Kevin T Nead

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality in the US. Large-scale population-based and mechanistic studies support a direct effect of CVD on accelerated tumor growth and spread, specifically in breast cancer.

Objective: To assess whether individuals presenting with advanced breast cancers are more likely to have prevalent CVD compared with those with early-stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis.

Design, setting, and participants: This population-based case-control study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases from 2009 to 2020. The analysis was completed from May 2023 to August 2024. Participants were …

Optimizing Electrode Configurations For Eeg Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection, Yi Jiang, Xin Zhang, Zhiwei Guo, Xiaobo Zhou, Jiayuan He, Ning Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Optimal electrode configuration of Electroencephalograms (EEG) systems for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) detection and monitoring in non-clinical settings, i.e. number of electrodes and the positions of the electrodes, remains to be explored. In the current study, we explored the optimization of electrode configuration for MCI detection. We used a 32-channel EEG device to record the data of 21 MCI patients and 20 cognitively normal elderly (NC) undergoing working memory (WM) tasks. Based on the differential value (MCI group vs. NC group) from the Power Spectral Density (PSD) value of each electrode in θ and α frequency band during WM …