Digital Commons Network^™

Macrophage-T Cell Interactions Promote Slamf1 Expression For Enhanced Tb Defense, G V R Krishna Prasad, Steven J Grigsby, Gideon A Erkenswick, Cynthia Portal-Celhay, Ekansh Mittal, Guozhe Yang, Samuel M Fallon, Fengyixin Chen, Thais Klevorn, Neharika Jain, Yuanyuan Li, Makedonka Mitreva, Amanda J Martinot, Joel D Ernst, Jennifer A Philips

2020-Current year OA Pubs

CD4+ T cells are crucial for protective immunity to intracellular pathogens. In addition to secreting cytokines, CD4+ T cells promote control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through cognate interactions with macrophages, but the mechanism has been unclear. Here, we show that SLAMF1/CD150 is highly and uniquely induced in macrophages by antigen-specific interactions with CD4+ T cells. In macrophages, SLAMF1 enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species and restricts Mtb replication. Mtb-infection of mice promotes SLAMF1 expression specifically on infected macrophages, not uninfected bystanders. SLAMF1 expression depends on adaptive immunity and also autophagy. Moreover, Slamf1

Environmental, Social, And Molecular Regulation Of Foraging Behavior In The Formosan Subterranean Termite, Arjun Khadka

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Foraging is a critical activity in social insects, essential for resource acquisition and colony sustenance. In termites, this behavior is shaped by environmental, social, and genetic factors, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined how environmental food and moisture availability, and the age of termites affected foraging activities, along with the molecular regulation of foraging in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, using a combination of behavioral assays, transcriptomics, and molecular biology approaches. First, we demonstrate that food and moisture deprivation (FMD) significantly affects foraging, with termites under deprivation conditions exhibiting increased foraging …

Influence Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On The Efficiency Of Oxytetracycline Removal From Wastewater Using Continuous Catalytic Ozonation, Sarmad Al-Anssari, Hassanain A. Hassan, Maha K. Mohsin, Ahmed A. Mohammed

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Antibiotics must be fully eliminated before they are released into the environment. In most cases, conventional wastewater treatment systems are not built to handle polar microcontaminants such as antibiotics. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of these antibiotics, an environmental hazard contaminant in aqueous solutions. Therefore, an advanced treatment method is needed for wastewater contaminated with antibiotics. In this study, we employed zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), and the catalytic ozonation procedure was employed to increase the ozonation efficiency. A continuous experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of catalytic and single ozonation in degrading OTC in a continuous reactor. The flow …

Constitutive Il-7 Signaling Promotes Car-Nk Cell Survival In The Solid Tumor Microenvironment But Impairs Tumor Control, Matthew Dysthe, Ishwar Navin, Dayenne Van Leeuwen, Josue Pineda, Corrine Baumgartner, Cliona M Rooney, Robin Parihar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing natural killer (NK) cells has demonstrated success against hematological malignancies. Efficacy against solid tumors has been limited by poor NK cell survival and function in the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To enhance efficacy against solid tumors, stimulatory cytokines have been incorporated into CAR-NK cell therapeutic approaches. However, current cytokine strategies have limitations, including systemic toxicities, exogenous dependencies, and unwanted TME bystander effects. Here, we aimed to overcome these limitations by modifying CAR-NK cells to express a constitutively active interleukin (IL)-7 receptor, termed C7R, capable of providing intrinsic CAR-NK cell activation that does …

The Microtubule-Severing Enzyme Spastin Regulates Spindle Dynamics To Promote Chromosome Segregation In Trypanosoma Brucei, Thiago Souza Onofre, Qing Zhou, Ziyin Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Microtubule-severing enzymes play essential roles in diverse cellular processes, including mitosis and cytokinesis, by modulating microtubule dynamics. In the early branching Trypanosoma brucei, microtubule-severing enzymes are involved in cytokinesis and flagellum length control, but none of them have been found to regulate mitosis. Here we report the characterization of the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin in the procyclic form of T. brucei. We demonstrate that spastin severs microtubule in vitro and overexpression of spastin disrupts spindle microtubules in vivo in trypanosomes, leading to defective chromosome segregation. Knockdown of spastin impairs spindle integrity and disrupts chromosome alignment and segregation. We further show that …

The Histone H3 Lysine 36 Demethylase Kdm2a/Fbxl11 Controls Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression And Germ Cell Development In Male Mice, Michael T Bocker, Grigorios Fanourgakis, Kristie Wetzel, Pavel A Komarov, Hélène Royo, Alexia Rohmer, Sunwoo Chun, Ching-Yeu Liang, Hubertus Kohler, Taiping Chen, Xiaohong Mao, Mark A Labow, Reginald A Valdez, Michael B Stadler, Dirk G De Rooij, Paola Capodieci, John Tallarico, Antoine H F M Peters, Thomas B Nicholson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

KDM2A/FBXL11 is a Jumonji-domain containing lysine demethylase catalyzing the removal of mono- and di-methyl modifications of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me1/2). While Kdm2a is required for mouse embryogenesis, its role in adult physiology has been largely unexplored. Using conditional deletion approaches, we demonstrate that Kdm2a deficiency leads to testicular atrophy and male infertility. Although spermatogonial stem cells remain unaffected, proliferating and differentiating spermatogonia exhibit delayed cell cycle progression and apoptosis. RNA-sequencing of purified spermatogonia and spermatocytes reveals Kdm2a-dependent repression of over 750 genes during spermatogonial differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) demonstrates increased H3K36me2 levels at CpG-rich gene promoters …

Public Support For Puma Reintroduction In The Eastern United States, L. Mark Elbroch, Jazmin J. Murphy, Shelby C. Carlson, John A. Vucetich, Richard E.W. Berl, Lexi Galiardi, Shelby Perry, Tom Butler, Neil Carter, Joseph W. Hinton, Axel Moehrenschlager, Emily Carrollo, Rana Bayrakcismith, Jeremy T. Bruskotter

Michigan Tech Publications

Pumas (Puma concolor) are among the species identified as having the potential to enhance ecosystem function. Previous research highlights sufficient ecological habitat to support pumas in the eastern United States; however, their reintroduction requires social and institutional support as well. To this end, we conducted research to assess attitudes about puma reintroduction among key constituencies like hunters, rural residents, and young people. We sampled 2756 respondents across seven states (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia). Ratios of strong support (for puma reintroduction) to strong opposition across states ranged from 4:1 to 13:1, and support outweighed …

One-Year Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Clopidogrel Versus Prasugrel Versus Ticagrelor: Results Of The Polish Registry Of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Pl-Acs), Julia M. Umińska, Michał Skrzypek, Małgorzata Ostrowska, Piotr Adamski, Aldona Kubica, Piotr Niezgoda, Robert Gajda, Marek Gierlotka, Bartosz Hudzik, Wiktor Kuliczkowski, Diana A. Gorog, Paul A. Gurbel, Jolanta Siller-Matula, Łukasz Szarpak, Michael Savage, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Udaya Tantry, Przemysław Trzeciak, Eliano P. Navarese, Jacek Kubica, Mariusz Gąsior

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Efficient dual antiplatelet therapy is crucial in reducing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Comparative effectiveness between clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor remains unclear in real-world settings.

AIMS: The objective was to evaluate one-year clinical outcomes in ACS patients treated with clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor using data from the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 381 278 ACS patients from the PL-ACS registry from 2009 to 2022, who were treated with clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor during hospitalization with a 12-month consistent regimen. The primary outcome was one-year …

Effects Of Plasma-Activated Water On Wheat: Germination And Seedling Development, Wafaa Abdulrazzaq Abdullah, Hadeel O. Ismael, Duaa A. Uamran, Hammad R. Humud

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The food sector must contend with issues such as pathogen resistance to some of the available chemical agents, environmental pollution, and climate change to provide healthy food for livestock and people. The application of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) is one potential solution for such problems. Plasma is appropriate for effective surface decontamination regarding food products and seeds, surface decontamination, and achieving improved agricultural production yields. The impact of plasma-activated water (PAW) produced by plasma jet discharge (PJD) system on in vitro-cultivated wheat seeds is examined in this work. For this aim, a plasma jet system was constructed with a …

46,Xx Disorders Of Sex Development: A Case With P.Arg92trp Variant In Nr5a1, Mehmet Ali Oktay, Agah Akin, Esra Döğer, Gülsüm Kayhan, Gizem Eşme Kocaman, Mahmut Orhun Çamurdan, Aysun Bi̇deci̇

Journal of Pediatric Genetics

Ovotesticular (OT) disorders of sex development (DSDs) are marked by the simultaneous presence of ovarian and testicular tissues within the gonads. The appearance of external genitalia does not necessarily correlate with gonadal histology. Variants in the NR5A1 gene can result in SRY-negative DSD. In this report, we present a case involving a variant in the NR5A1 gene. A 3-year-old phenotypic male presenting with micropenis, penile hypospadias, and a bifid scrotum was identified to have a c.274C > T, p.Arg92Trp variant in the NR5A1 gene, along with a 46, XX karyotype. Genetic factors such as variants in the NR5A1 gene, independent of …

A New Case Of Kilquist’S Syndrome With A Novel Variant In Slc12a2 And A Brief Review Of The Literature, Hatice Yelda Yalçin, Yiğithan Güzin, Tayfun Cinletil, Berk Özyilmaz, Gamze Uzan, Melis Köse, Figen Baydan

Journal of Pediatric Genetics

Background: Kilquist syndrome (KILQS) is a recently characterized, rare disorder characterized by hearing loss, secretory dysfunction, gastrointestinal system (GIS) abnormalities, and neurological anomalies including hypotonia and global developmental delay. It is caused by variants in the SLC12A2 (Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 2) gene which encodes the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1). Objective: This study aims to contribute to genotype-phenotype correlations for SLC12A2 variants. Material and Methods: We evaluated a Turkish patient with a novel variant in SLC12A2 gene and reviewed all previously reported cases with Kilquist syndrome. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used as molecular genetic testing …

A Child With Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Short Stature With Chromosome 2 Deletion Of 2q35-36.1: A Case Report And Literature Review Of Haploinsufficiency Of Epha4 Gene, Jun Sun, Ya Xiao, Shu-Qin Jiang, Yi-Fan Wang, Hong-Ru Zhang, Wei Wang

Journal of Pediatric Genetics

Non-growth hormone-deficient short stature is a group of growth developmental disorders with complex pathophysiological mechanisms involving multiple pathways, including abnormalities in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 signal pathway. We report a 4-year-old girl with severe growth and developmental delay: her height was 91 cm (<–3 standard deviation [SD]), and her growth rate was 3 to 4 cm/year (<–2 SD). Growth hormone stimulation tests indicated a normal peak growth hormone level (11.1 μg/L), while insulin-like growth factor-1 levels were reduced (7.98 nmol/L, <–1SD). Whole exome sequencing and copy number variation analysis revealed a 3.19 Mb deletion at 2q35-q36.1 on chromosome 2, encompassing all coding regions of the Epha4 gene. This study suggests an association between Epha4 gene deletion and non-growth hormone-deficient short stature, highlighting the importance of further research on this gene and its related signaling pathways to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease and potential therapeutic approaches.

Modulation Of Dendritic Cell Phenotypes By Cd4+ Effector Memory T Cell Via Ikzf1-Regulated Il16/Cd4 Signaling In Covid-19 And Kawasaki Disease, Seyan Yan, Kaiming Zheng, Zicheng Zhen, Tianfu Xu

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Objective: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is the primary cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed countries and is identified by systemic vasculitis of unknown origin. This research explores the possible common pathogenesis between KD and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on the roles of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations. Methods: We utilized single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data from COVID-19 and KD patients, as well as healthy controls. Our comprehensive analysis included cell-type identification, pseudotime analysis, cell-cell communication, and transcription factor analysis. Results: Our results show the critical role of CD4+ effector memory T cells and dendritic cells …

Prognostic Value And Clinical Influence Of Long Non-Coding Rna Small Nucleolar Rna Host Gene 1 Expression In Pediatric Pneumonia, Xin Wang, Jiajia Xu, Jingjing Han

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Objective: Severe pediatric pneumonia is characterized by acute onset and rapid progression, posing a serious threat to patients' lives. Accurate assessment of the severity of pneumonia is essential for clinical decision-making and prognostication. Studies of acute lung injury and lung cancer have revealed a significant increase in the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in cells, suggesting that SNHG1 is likely to play an important role in the progression of lung disease. Methods: 72 children with mild pneumonia, 58 children with severe pneumonia and 135 healthy children were selected as study subjects. …

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19 Infection: A Comprehensive Review, Alejandra Isabel Meza-Contreras, Marcelo Nicolas Galdos-Bejar, Raffo Escalante-Kanashiro

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objectives: The Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a post-infectious syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease in children. The aim of this study is to conduct a thorough review to assist healthcare professionals in diagnosis and management of this complication of COVID-19 disease in children Material and Methods: A thorough systematic review was conducted through an on-line search based on MIS-C with the primary focus on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, pathophysiology, management and long-term follow-up. Results: This syndrome is characterized by an exaggerated and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines involving dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, …

Correlation Of Ultrasound-Based Hydration Assessment Measures With Cvp And Clinical Hydration Status Among Children Admitted To The Picu: A Prospective Observational Study, Sandeep Tripathi, Tara Osman, Mina Hafzallah, Kejin Lee, Drew A. Whalen

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Purpose: To assess the correlation of respiratory variation in IVC with CVP in children. Secondary objective was to evaluate IVC variability with clinical hydration status. Methods: IVC variability assessed at the subcostal (SC), and right lateral (RL) region and collapsibility index (CI) (spontaneously breathing) and distensibility index (DI) (positive pressure) and IVC/Aortic ratio calculated. Partial correlations calculated between CI/DI with CVP adjusting for BMI & age. Sensitivity of CI & DI to predict clinical dehydration calculated using ROC curves. Results: 145 ultrasounds on 72 patients (41% positive pressure). Only RL CI in spontaneously breathing patients strongly correlated with CVP (r …

Analytical Solution And Stability Of Ψ-Prabhakar Delayed Systems: Application To Antibiotic Production, Mustafa Aydin

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The analytical solution of the linear ψ -Prabhakar delay differential equations is explored using the method of variation of parameters, in which a ψ -general delayed exponential matrix function is introduced. The ψ -Prabhakar calculus is enhanced in terms of the semi-group property, inversion results, and several simplified calculations and relations. The system's stability is analyzed within the framework of Ulam-Hyers stability. Finally, the theoretical findings are validated through an application to antibiotic production.

On The Solutions Of Difference Equations Of The Volterra Type, Hakan Adigüzel

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we conduct a thorough analysis of the qualitative behavior of solutions to three different types of difference equations of the Volterra type. Utilizing the principles of discrete calculus and various well-known inequalities, we have presented our findings. To conclude our theoretical findings, we provide several examples that illustrate full alignment with the findings.

Unpacking Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Elements: Insights Into Drivers Of Entrepreneurial Activity, Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, Samah Souleh, Omaima Munawar Albadry, Saeyeon Roh, Adah Kole Emmanuel Onjewu

Plymouth Business School

Thriving entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are instrumental in new enterprise creation and growth, as they provide vital support for entrepreneurial activity. However, as this support may be context-specific, the existing literature has yet to capture the contextual factors that shape the contributions of EEs. To address this inertia, a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) is employed, which examines the influence of ecosystem factors on new venture development in two key MENA countries, namely Algeria and Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that physical, commercial, and legal infrastructure are important factors for EEs in both countries. Nevertheless, there are intriguing differences in the …

Implementing A Health Recommendation System From Wearable Data, Priti Pramanick

Doctoral Theses

The rising interest in personalized health monitoring has created a demand for intelligent systems that not only evaluate an individual’s health status but also offer actionable recommendations. This dissertation presents a data-driven approach to assess overall health by calculating a weekly health score using multi-dimensional data sources such as sleep patterns, nutrition, cardiovascular activity, fitness levels, and metabolic parameters. The system integrates and processes data stored in MongoDB using Python, applies scoring logic tailored to each health domain, and aggregates them into a unified health score. Addi- tionally, the system generates a detailed summary and leverages a language model to …

Templating Of Monomeric Alpha-Synuclein Results In Inflammation And Snpc Dopamine Neuron Death In A Genetic Mouse Model Of Induced Synucleinopathy, Matthew D. Byrne, Peyman Petramfar, Jae-Kyung Lee, Richard J. Smeyne

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

While the etiology of most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are idiopathic, it has been estimated that 5-10% of PD arise from known genetic mutations. The first mutations described that leads to the development of an autosomal dominant form of PD are in the SNCA gene that codes for the protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn). α-syn is an abundant presynaptic protein that is natively disordered and whose function is still unclear. In PD, α-syn misfolds into multimeric b-pleated sheets that aggregate in neurons (Lewy Bodies/neurites) and spread throughout the neuraxis in a pattern that aligns with disease progression. Here, using IHC, HC, …

Self-Care: The Solution To Exhaustion For Captain (O-3) Chaplains, James W. Gladden

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The U.S. Army Chaplain Corps is a unique group of Soldiers who have been called to serve as professional military religious leaders in a military context, nurturing the living, caring for the wounded, and honoring the fallen. In meeting those objectives in the military, some Chaplains find themselves reaching a level of exhaustion that could have long-term damage to their spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical well-being. At the battalion level, Captain (O-3) Chaplains are the Religious Leaders who will face the brunt of the stress, as they are the first to respond to boots-on-ground ministry at the tactical level. On …

Intergenerational Trauma: A Qualitative Study Exploring The Impact Of Ace’S And Attachment Styles, Quinche` Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Many individuals are impacted by ACEs at some point during their childhood. Researchers claimed that ACEs can be prevented; however, there are multiple factors that increase the risk of exposure to childhood adversity, which makes prevention and treatment more difficult. Childhood trauma can cause lasting problems that impact many areas of life and multiple generations. Attachment styles are formed early in life and shape how individuals respond in relationships and situations throughout their lives, including those with their future children. This study used a qualitative method to explore ACEs, attachment styles, intergenerational trauma, and how the intensity and timing of …

Design And Investigation Of Triarylamine Functionalized Luminophores For Multi-Functional And Stimuli-Responsive Applications, Sasikala R

Theses and Dissertations

Organic solid-state fluorescent materials have garnered attention over many decades in virtue of their contribution in the development of LED devices and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, the potential of fluorescent molecules in device applications was underused due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. The ACQ effect commonly quenches the organic molecules fluorescence intensity in the aggregated or condensed state, which can significantly influence their performance in practical applications.

The organic polyaromatic fluorophores exhibit strong fluorescence in the solution state. After culmination of years of work, Prof. Tang’s research group discovered a new phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in the fluorescence molecules constructed …

Service-Learning At The Meso-Level: Integrating A Course On Sustainable Development With National Service Requirements, Mark Anthony D. Abenir, Helena Roxanne A. Indigne

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Higher education institutions have been leveraging service learning (SL) to enhance the effectiveness of sustainable development education within their curriculum and pedagogical practices.

Greenhouse Evaluation Of Great Plains Native Grasses And Forbs Tolerance To Postemergence Herbicides Used For Roadside Weed Control, Rachel C. Woody-Pumford, Matthew B. Bertucci, Mike D. Richardson, Dirk Philipp, Hannah E. Wright-Smith

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

To combat the decline in North American grasslands and prairies, innovative strategies to establish new native grass and forb plantings must be considered. Integrated vegetation management entails the use of many practices to cultivate desirable vegetation along roadsides, including mowing, applying herbicides, burning, and replanting. Currently, only a limited selection of postemergence herbicides are available to improve native plant establishment along roadsides. A greenhouse herbicide screen that included four postemergence herbicides registered for use on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) acres and rights-of-way was conducted to test their safety for use on four native grasses (big bluestem, buffalograss, sideoats grama, and …

Focus, 2025, Spring, Andrews University

Focus

FOCUS (ISSN 1077-9345) is published quarterly, free of charge, for alumni and friends of Andrews University, an institution owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Potential Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On The Practice And Profession Of Speech-Language Pathology: A Working Paper, Manish Rami

Communication Sciences & Disorders Faculty Publications

This paper explores the potential impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the profession of Speech-Language Pathology (SLP). AI is widely recognized as a transformative force, presenting opportunities across both service delivery and professional practice in SLP. This paper examines how AI may partially or fully automate and augment key tasks such as screening, assessment, and treatment. It also addresses associated challenges, including data bias and the “black box” problem while advocating for proactive engagement with AI technologies. Finally, the paper posits that AI will reshape the field, serving as a collaborative partner for SLPs, enhancing efficiency, and expanding access to …

Examining The Relationship Between Tolerance Of Student Behavior, Teachers' Race, Teaching Experience, And Teachers' Multicultural Self-Efficacy: A Multiple Regression Study, Sherise N. Waterman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational predictive study was to investigate whether teachers’ tolerance of student behaviors is predicted by the combination of teachers’ race, teachers’ years of teaching experience, and teachers’ multicultural efficacy. Understanding the significance of the relationship between teacher tolerance of student behaviors, teacher race, teacher years of experience, and multicultural efficacy is necessary if educators want clearer insight to address inequitable discipline practices. The study consisted of 110 high school teachers in an urban district in southern Texas. A correlational study was conducted utilizing the Social Behavior Survival Inventory of Teacher Social Behavior (SBS) and Expectations …

The Protective Factors Of Trauma-Informed Care For Parents With Autistic Children, Carolynn J. Redd-Recksiek

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this current phenomenological study is to understand the experience of parents with autistic children and their lack of trauma-informed care from direct care providers in Northern Utah. This study is guided by trauma-informed theory, which is a model of care delivery created by Maxine Harris and Roger D. Fallot (2001). Trauma-informed care recognizes how adverse experiences can impact a person and have a negative impact on the health and well-being of that person and how those negative experiences have a direct impact on the health and well-being of the family, which directly impacts the health and well-being …