Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (3407)
- Life Sciences (2222)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (1271)
- Medical Specialties (974)
- Public Health (818)
-
- Medical Sciences (739)
- Education (726)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (535)
- Plant Sciences (474)
- Nursing (396)
- Nutrition (368)
- Diseases (347)
- Arts and Humanities (325)
- Agriculture (299)
- Psychology (291)
- Animal Sciences (289)
- Law (280)
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (274)
- Food Science (265)
- Agronomy and Crop Sciences (257)
- Agricultural Science (254)
- Biology (247)
- Sociology (238)
- Earth Sciences (218)
- Pediatrics (216)
- Higher Education (214)
- Soil Science (206)
- Plant Biology (203)
- Business (193)
- Plant Pathology (189)
- Institution
-
- The Texas Medical Center Library (558)
- University of Kentucky (353)
- Changsha University of Science and Technology (251)
- Edith Cowan University (235)
- Nova Southeastern University (234)
-
- Walden University (224)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (205)
- Sultan Qaboos University (170)
- TÜBİTAK (167)
- Utah State University (163)
- University of Texas at Arlington (156)
- Universitas Indonesia (136)
- Liberty University (133)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (128)
- Advocate Health - Midwest (123)
- University of Plymouth (120)
- Thomas Jefferson University (118)
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (112)
- University of New Hampshire (111)
- University of South Carolina (110)
- Arkansas State University (105)
- University of Montana (103)
- Washington University School of Medicine (101)
- Western Kentucky University (99)
- Aga Khan University (98)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (98)
- Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (96)
- South Dakota State University (96)
- Chulalongkorn University (90)
- Children's Mercy Kansas City (89)
- Keyword
-
- Humans (524)
- Female (364)
- Male (348)
- Adult (213)
- Middle Aged (183)
-
- Obesity (160)
- Aged (157)
- Nutrition (154)
- Animals (138)
- Child (118)
- Diet (102)
- Adolescent (100)
- Exercise (100)
- Mice (98)
- Newsletter (91)
- Education (86)
- ICTS (Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences) (85)
- Pregnancy (83)
- Mental health (79)
- United States (78)
- Health (75)
- Children (72)
- Diabetes (72)
- Physical activity (71)
- COVID-19 (65)
- Public health (64)
- Inflammation (63)
- Biomarkers (61)
- Food insecurity (61)
- Infant (61)
- Publication
-
- Food and Machinery (251)
- Faculty, Staff and Students Publications (235)
- Research outputs 2022 to 2026 (230)
- Faculty, Staff and Student Publications (213)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (211)
-
- Theses and Dissertations (209)
- IGC Proceedings (1977-2023) (180)
- Undergraduate Student Symposium (126)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (120)
- Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU (112)
- Historical Documents - Combined (103)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (102)
- Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences (102)
- 2020-Current year OA Pubs (100)
- Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (85)
- All Approved Curriculum (82)
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications (80)
- Honors Theses (78)
- Faculty Publications (64)
- The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s (64)
- Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers (63)
- Dissertations (61)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (57)
- Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (57)
- Master's Theses (55)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025 (54)
- International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings (52)
- All ETDs from UAB (49)
- International Nursing Research Congress (INRC) (49)
- Faculty Scholarship (46)
- Publication Type
Articles 8671 - 8700 of 10512
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Effects Of A History Of Child Trauma On Breastfeeding Outcomes, Emily Flynn
The Effects Of A History Of Child Trauma On Breastfeeding Outcomes, Emily Flynn
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both parent and child, yet many parents discontinue earlier than recommended. While childhood sexual abuse has been associated with breastfeeding difficulties, limited research has examined the broader effects of other forms of childhood maltreatments on breastfeeding outcomes. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between a history of childhood trauma and breastfeeding outcomes, with social support explored as a potential moderator. Participants (n = 194) were birthing parents of children under the age of five, recruited from online parenting communities. Measures included the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), a breastfeeding duration item, and a …
Modeling Wild Rice Bed Health: A Dual Metric Approach For Bed Strength And Invasive Impact, Seth Sisneros-Martinez
Modeling Wild Rice Bed Health: A Dual Metric Approach For Bed Strength And Invasive Impact, Seth Sisneros-Martinez
Journal of Earth and Life Science
Wild rice (mannoomin; Zizania palustris) is an aquatic grain that grows in slow-moving rivers and shallow bays throughout northern Minnesota. In Headquarters Bay on Leech Lake, wild rice has served as a cultural staple for Indigenous communities for centuries. However, its population has declined in recent years due to multiple environmental issues. One potential contributor is Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum; EWM), an invasive species that forms dense mats capable of outcompeting native aquatic vegetation, including wild rice. EWM was first recorded on the southern shoreline of Leech Lake in 2005 and has since become widespread. This study …
Improving Gout Therapy In Patriot Clinic Final Results, Jerativat Satayarekha, Vigelo Servera Jr, Nicholas Maggio, Nathaniel Rosa Santiago, Fariha N. Mirza, Sahar Safavi
Improving Gout Therapy In Patriot Clinic Final Results, Jerativat Satayarekha, Vigelo Servera Jr, Nicholas Maggio, Nathaniel Rosa Santiago, Fariha N. Mirza, Sahar Safavi
North Florida Division GME Research Day 2025
No abstract provided.
[In] Transformation President's Impact Report, Bryant University
[In] Transformation President's Impact Report, Bryant University
Bryant University Communications and Press
The 2025 President's Impact Report highlights Bryant University’s continued excellence in higher education, from its top-tier rankings and dynamic campus life to its hands-on learning experiences and strategic partnerships. Strong financial foundations and visionary leadership solidify its position as an innovative and forward-thinking institution. IN the Lead Bryant's international rankings and thought leadership in prestigious publications reinforce its position as a leader in higher education.
Annual Report, 2024-2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. College Of Engineering
Annual Report, 2024-2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. College Of Engineering
College of Engineering Annual Report
No abstract provided.
Globalization In Context, Ayu Okvitawanli, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Rachana Bhangaokar
Globalization In Context, Ayu Okvitawanli, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Rachana Bhangaokar
IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences
The Proceedings are divided into two parts: Volume I includes the links to the recorded keynotes and the book of abstracts of the XXVII Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2024. Volume II consists of the individual empirical papers.
Force Of Nature (2024) By Ann E. Burg, Maughn Rollins Gregory
Force Of Nature (2024) By Ann E. Burg, Maughn Rollins Gregory
Middle Grades Books
Rachel Carson launched the modern environmental movement with books that combined detailed observations of the natural world, scientific research, and philosophical reflection on humanity’s relationship with nature — all conveyed in poetic language. Ann E. Burg’s fictional biography-in-verse Force of Nature shows how these habits of observation, questioning, reflection, and expression began in Carson’s childhood, and invites readers to follow her lines of inquiry. Can we provide for human well-being without sacrificing the well-being of non-human life? Can we provide for the well-being of certain human populations without sacrificing the well-being of others? Can we indulge our wonder about, and …
René Dubos: An Annotated Bibliography, Carol L. Moberg
René Dubos: An Annotated Bibliography, Carol L. Moberg
René Dubos: An Annotated Bibliography
René Dubos (1901–1982), a prominent 20th century scientist, humanist, and philosopher, was a prolific author. Affiliated for more than 50 years with The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research/The Rockefeller University, his studies ranged from antibiotics and the role of bacteria in human diseases to formulating broad ecological and environmental questions affecting human health and disease. His seminal writings explore a lifelong belief that a living organism—whether microbe, human being, society, or the Earth itself—could be understood only through its relationships with everything else.
This comprehensive bibliography of more than a thousand works by René Dubos includes brief annotations for each …
A Neuronal Circuit Motif For Leaky Vector Integration, Abby Janke
A Neuronal Circuit Motif For Leaky Vector Integration, Abby Janke
Student Theses and Dissertations
To efficiently navigate their environments, animals ranging from insects to humans can keep track of their trajectory by continuously summing their direction and distance traveled over time. It is not clear how brains perform this fundamental computation––known as path integration––even though neural correlates and computer models abound. In arthropods, spatial-cognition related processes such as path integration are thought to be implemented in the central complex. Experimenters have shown that contiguously arrayed populations of neurons in the Drosophila fan-shaped body, a substructure of the central complex, display sinusoidally shaped bumps of calcium activity that signal vectors relevant for spatial navigation. The …
Scoring A New Jazz Standard: A Collaborative Approach To Implementing Spiritual Care At Erlanger Hospital Palliative Care, Richard Fleck
Scoring A New Jazz Standard: A Collaborative Approach To Implementing Spiritual Care At Erlanger Hospital Palliative Care, Richard Fleck
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Just like a jazz combo brings together professional musicians who are instrument specialists to improvise together, Palliative Care brings together healthcare specialists for holistic, patient-centered collaboration. This ministry project, which is a phenomenological inquiry based on the theological theme of suffering, follows a collaborative approach to implementing spiritual care at Erlanger Hospital in Chattanooga, TN. This project describes the researcher’s collaborative work in scoring a new jazz standard for Erlanger Palliative Spiritual Care, which includes recommendations for quality improvement and recommendations for professional development.
Arkansas Women's Basketball Record Book, 2024-2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Athletics Media Relations
Arkansas Women's Basketball Record Book, 2024-2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Athletics Media Relations
Arkansas Women's Basketball
No abstract provided.
Razorback Softball Record Book, 2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Athletics Media Relations
Razorback Softball Record Book, 2025, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Athletics Media Relations
Arkansas Softball
No abstract provided.
Sustainable Hydrogels: Advancing Soil And Water Retention In The Uae, Mariam Abdulla Alhosani
Sustainable Hydrogels: Advancing Soil And Water Retention In The Uae, Mariam Abdulla Alhosani
Theses
Long-term climatic issues like soil erosion and water scarcity affect arid regions, making sustainable agricultural systems more challenging to put into practice. By creating different hydrogels from local agricultural biomass (cellulose extracted from date palm tree waste).This will assist in overcoming the limitations of synthetic water- retentive materials. Several hydrogel samples were created using physical and chemical crosslinking techniques, forming several hydrogel variants samples that were labelled as (T1 to T4). TGA, SEM, FTIR and swelling tests were used. TGA results revealed improved thermal stability in T2 (physically crosslinked), and T3 (dual cross-linking citric acid with gelatin), with degradation temperatures …
Investigating Esports Training And Performance: An Evaluation Of Research And Practice, Kalem Griffin
Investigating Esports Training And Performance: An Evaluation Of Research And Practice, Kalem Griffin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper investigates performance and training in eSports. The guiding research question is: What does an investigation of the academic literature on esports performance and training reveal? Performance and training are significant areas of interest in esports, as they encompass a range of insights, challenges, and opportunities. While performance and training have been well researched and documented across the broader sport industry, insight and understanding into esports performance and training remain limited, despite their considerable impact and significance.
Much remains to be explored, discussed, and achieved regarding eSports performance and training. In this area, much is at stake in the …
Promoting Physical Activity (Pa) Among Latinas In Fayette County, Ky, Vanessa Diaz Mph
Promoting Physical Activity (Pa) Among Latinas In Fayette County, Ky, Vanessa Diaz Mph
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
In the United States, the prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise at a disproportionate rate that is greatly affecting Latinas. This paper outlines the implementation of an adapted version of Fe en Acción, a faith-based evidence-based physical activity (PA) intervention that was initially implemented in San Diego, CA. The program targets Latinas in Fayette County, KY through culturally tailored, faith-based PA classes held at local Catholic churches. By using promotoras– health promoters– the program works to increase self-efficacy and social support while promoting sustainable behavior change. Key adaptations include a reduction in class frequency (four times a week), …
Pathways To Green River District Health Department, Gracelyn P. Bush
Pathways To Green River District Health Department, Gracelyn P. Bush
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
In an effort to decrease Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in the Green River District of Western Kentucky, this grant proposes the expansion of the evidence-based University of Kentucky PATHways program to the Green River District Health Department (GRDHD). To protect the health of both women and children, this program will specifically target pregnant women with substance use disorder (SUD). This program will deliver a group-based prenatal and postpartum curriculum with the integration of Peer Recovery Support Specialists, specifically modeled on Social Cognitive Theory and the adoption of whole-person care. The proposed program spans a three-year time frame, beginning with program …
Signal Analysis Of Calcium Dynamics In Pancreatic Cells, Abhidha Kunwar
Signal Analysis Of Calcium Dynamics In Pancreatic Cells, Abhidha Kunwar
2025 Fall Honors Capstones Projects - Archive
Calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling plays a critical role in insulin secretion from pancreatic βcells. Photo-biomodulation (PBM) of red or near-infrared wavelengths is applied to enhance cellular metabolism and Ca²⁺ activity in pancreatic cells. This study aims to rigorously analyze how PBM influences calcium dynamics in pancreatic cells by applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), converting Ca²⁺ spiking patterns to the frequency domain to determine dominant oscillatory behaviors. Using a calcium-binding fluorophore, Ca²⁺ activity was acquired before and after PBM at 810 nm, processed with a machine learning algorithm, and further analyzed in MATLAB using FFT to assess changes in calcium signal …
Impact Of Glufosinate On Soil Microbial Community Dynamics, Sarobi Das
Impact Of Glufosinate On Soil Microbial Community Dynamics, Sarobi Das
Biology Dissertations - Archive
The increasing global regulations of glyphosate due to its possible carcinogenicity and environmental hazards have necessitated the search for alternative herbicides. Glufosinate-ammonium offers a sustainable attribute due to its low toxicity and limited reported herbicide resistance cases. Despite its increasing agricultural importance, very limited studies are done on its environmental impact, especially on the soil systems. This thesis examines the ecological behavior of glufosinate in soil, precisely focusing on its effect on the dynamics of soil microbiome and the potential use of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 for bioremediation by reversing the effect of microbial dysbiosis. A series of 30-day mesocosm studies …
Abundance And Other Food Fixations, Margot J. Pollans
Abundance And Other Food Fixations, Margot J. Pollans
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Although most people in the United States no longer devote the majority of their time to food production, processing, and distribution, food remains a daily fixation. This Article explores three driving food fixations--abundance, thinness, and health--and situates each against an inverse fear--scarcity, fatness, and illness, respectively. Mapping these threats onto U.S. food policy, this Article examines, among other policy arenas, food waste policy, nutrition and health claim labeling law, and food additive regulations. Across food policy, these fixations feed what this Article calls the “politics of abundance.” This politics helps to insulate the food industry from deeper systemic reform aimed …
Expanding “Brain Games”: What Have We Learned From A Program Designed To Support Healthy Brain Aging For Older Adults?, Ella Mckinney
Expanding “Brain Games”: What Have We Learned From A Program Designed To Support Healthy Brain Aging For Older Adults?, Ella Mckinney
CURE Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Flywheel Technology: The Reliability Of Functional And Systemic Perturbations In A Crossover Design, Trevor J. Dufner
Flywheel Technology: The Reliability Of Functional And Systemic Perturbations In A Crossover Design, Trevor J. Dufner
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024
The purpose of this dissertation series was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and applicability of the Desmotec D.EVO isoinertial flywheel device (D.EVO) for both isometric and dynamic squat assessments. Study one sought to establish the validity of the D.EVO for assessing squat maximal voluntary isometric contraction (FMVIC) versus a traditional squat maximal voluntary isometric contraction (TMVIC), determine the test-retest reliability of force and power outputs during FMVIC and flywheel squat protocols (FSPs), and explore relationships between these outputs and broad jump (BJ) and vertical jump (VJ) performance. We also identified the number of familiarization sessions needed for reliable data collection. …
The Effects Of Resistance Training Volume On Muscle Quality Among Older Adults, Kevan Knowles
The Effects Of Resistance Training Volume On Muscle Quality Among Older Adults, Kevan Knowles
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024
BACKGROUND: Age-related declines in muscle strength are more closely linked to deteriorations in muscle quality than muscle mass. Echo intensity (EI) measured by B-mode ultrasonography is a common non-invasive marker of intramuscular adiposity and fibrous tissue. Although high-intensity resistance training is effective, the added value of higher training volumes on muscle quality and strength in older adults remains unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of different resistance training volumes on various measures of muscle quality, size, and strength among older adults. METHODS: Twenty-five older adults were randomized to either moderate volume (2 sets per exercise) or high …
Boba Tea Shops And Identity: Exploration Of Boba Shops Among College Students In Greater Orlando, Naydelin Karime Trejo Vega
Boba Tea Shops And Identity: Exploration Of Boba Shops Among College Students In Greater Orlando, Naydelin Karime Trejo Vega
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024
This thesis explores the cultural and social significance of boba tea shops among college students aged 18 to 26 in Greater Orlando. Although many people view boba tea as a trendy drink, this study treats it as a meaningful part of some students’ daily lives, identity formation, and sense of belonging. Through a multi-method approach that includes participant observation, surveys, and semi-structured interviews, I examine what motivates college students to purchase boba tea and how boba shops impact their identity and sense of belonging. I conducted fieldwork at three different boba tea shops in Greater Orlando—two franchises and one locally …
Exploring Senescence For Improved Diagnosis And Treatment In Head And Neck Cancer, Md Tanjim Alam
Exploring Senescence For Improved Diagnosis And Treatment In Head And Neck Cancer, Md Tanjim Alam
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Accounting for approximately 4.5% of global cancer incidence and mortality, HNSCC poses a persistent public health concern. Major risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) strains. Although conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have improved patient outcomes, therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence remain significant challenges. A growing body of evidence implicates therapy-induced cellular senescence as a key mechanism in treatment resistance. Senescence is a stable state …
Clinical Educators' Perceptions And Experiences With Interprofessional Education And Collaborative Practice, Laurie Neely
Clinical Educators' Perceptions And Experiences With Interprofessional Education And Collaborative Practice, Laurie Neely
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024
As healthcare systems adapt to meet increasingly complex population health needs, interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) has emerged as a vital strategy to improve patient outcomes while decreasing costs. Interprofessional education (IPE) is essential for preparing health professions students to engage in patient-centered, team-based care. However, faculty must be equipped to design and facilitate IPE experiences for successful integration into health professions curricula. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) created Core Competencies for IPCP, including roles and responsibilities, teams and teamwork, communication, and values and ethics, to guide faculty in preparing students to be collaborative healthcare providers. While academic faculty have been …
Principles Of Biomedical Research, Faina Linkov, Matthew C. Kostek
Principles Of Biomedical Research, Faina Linkov, Matthew C. Kostek
Open Education Materials
HLT 430/530
CC BY-NC-SA
Beyond Involuntary Movements: A Case Of Diabetic Striatopathy Complicated By Cardiac Arrest, Deepa M
Beyond Involuntary Movements: A Case Of Diabetic Striatopathy Complicated By Cardiac Arrest, Deepa M
Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
Abstract
Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare neurological manifestation of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, typically characterized by hemichorea–hemiballismus and distinctive basal ganglia abnormalities on neuroimaging. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with generalized choreiform and ballistic movements and subsequently developed an in-hospital cardiac arrest. Diagnostic evaluation revealed uncontrolled hyperglycemia (random blood glucose 243 mg/dL; HbA1c 8.3%) without ketosis, with neuroimaging findings consistent with DS. The patient was initially managed in the casualty department and subsequently admitted to a neuro stepdown intensive care unit, where she remained for 10 days. Comprehensive medical, …
Effects Of Starter Cultures On The Metabolite Profile, Antioxidant Activities, And Anti-Aging Properties Of Tapuy Lees, Edward Kevin B. Bragais, Paul Mark B. Medina
Effects Of Starter Cultures On The Metabolite Profile, Antioxidant Activities, And Anti-Aging Properties Of Tapuy Lees, Edward Kevin B. Bragais, Paul Mark B. Medina
Biology Faculty Publications
The Philippine rice wine (tapuy) and tapuy lees making process utilizes bubod, the traditional starter culture. The bubod contains variable number and species of microorganisms and influences the physical and chemical properties of tapuy and tapuy lees, resulting in inconsistent quality products. Hence, improvement and standardization of local starter culture are significant. Here, we examined the effects of well-defined starter cultures (Rhizopus oryzae (RO), Mucor indicus (MI), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)) and bubod on the metabolite profile, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities of tapuy lees. Our results showed the presence of polyphenols (102.36 ± 2.84 to 173.92 …
Development And Pilot Of A Microgreens Project To Integrate Food Security In Grade 8 Science Using Systems Thinking, Iris Mae L. Caidic, C. K. Gonzales
Development And Pilot Of A Microgreens Project To Integrate Food Security In Grade 8 Science Using Systems Thinking, Iris Mae L. Caidic, C. K. Gonzales
Biology Faculty Publications
Among other countries, the Philippines faces the issue of food security, which must be addressed through education. However, the lack of coherence in teaching science content hinders Filipino junior high school students’ holistic understanding that science lessons are interconnected to food security. This study explores how systems thinking can be utilized to integrate food security into science topics. The pilot of the developed module on a microgreens project was implemented using systems thinking tools to tackle lessons on biodiversity, ecosystems, and the human digestive system within the context of food security. Data from end-of-scaffold check-ins, individual scaffold assessments, group performance …
Assessment Of Validity And Reliability Of Survey Tool For Good Aquaculture Practices Of Philippine Shellfish Farmers, Crisanto M. Lopez, A. Rustia, E. Barrios, D. Tanay
Assessment Of Validity And Reliability Of Survey Tool For Good Aquaculture Practices Of Philippine Shellfish Farmers, Crisanto M. Lopez, A. Rustia, E. Barrios, D. Tanay
Biology Faculty Publications
Food safety farm-to-fork model compliance to good aquaculture practices (GAqP) of Filipino shellfish farmers placed a special consideration in the validation and reliability of the developed survey tool that consisted of 11 sections of GAqP provisions based on Philippine National Standards 207:2017 and CXS 52-2003 standards. Validation [content validity index (CVI) and impact factor (IF)] and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) included pre-testing (item difficulty and discrimination index) (n = 7 shellfish farmers; n = 7 technical personnel on fisheries), validation (n = 30 shellfish farmers and five experts), and pilot testing (n = 30 shellfish farmers) to measure the reliability. Pre-testing …