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2024

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Assessment Of Digital Collaboration Skills, Esperanza Huerta, Ana Lidia Franzoni Velázquez, Scott Jensen Jan 2024

Assessment Of Digital Collaboration Skills, Esperanza Huerta, Ana Lidia Franzoni Velázquez, Scott Jensen

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This exploratory study proposes a methodology for assessing digital collaboration skills based on the students' actual behavior. Students' comments using a digital collaboration tool during a one-month long project were manually coded. This methodology is not context specific and can be used across different domains. This assessment contrasts with self-reported measures in which students rate themselves as already possessing collaboration skills. Finally, the study explores the use of generative AI to automatically code student's comments to alleviate the labor-intensive process that coding requires and to enable scalability in coding data.

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Covid-19 Vaccination-Related Tinnitus Is Associated With Pre-Vaccination Metabolic Disorders, Weihua Wang, Anusha Yellamsetty, Robert M. Edmonds, Shaun R. Barcavage, Shaowen Bao Jan 2024

Covid-19 Vaccination-Related Tinnitus Is Associated With Pre-Vaccination Metabolic Disorders, Weihua Wang, Anusha Yellamsetty, Robert M. Edmonds, Shaun R. Barcavage, Shaowen Bao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Cases of tinnitus have been reported following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study was to characterize COVID-19 vaccination-related tinnitus to assess whether there is a causal relationship, and to examine potential risk factors for COVID-19 vaccination-related tinnitus. We analyzed a survey on 398 cases of COVID-19 vaccination-related tinnitus, and 699,839 COVID-19 vaccine-related reports in the Vaccine Adverse Effect Reporting System (VAERS) database that was retrieved on 4 December 2021. We found that following COVID-19 vaccination, 1) tinnitus report frequencies for Pfizer, Moderna and Janssen vaccines in VAERS are 47, 51 and 70 cases per million full vaccination; …

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Episodic Memory Assessment: Effects Of Sex And Age On Performance And Response Time During A Continuous Recognition Task, James O. Clifford, Sulekha Anand, Franck Tarpin-Bernard, Michael F. Bergeron, Curtis B. Ashford, Peter J. Bayley, John Wesson Ashford Jan 2024

Episodic Memory Assessment: Effects Of Sex And Age On Performance And Response Time During A Continuous Recognition Task, James O. Clifford, Sulekha Anand, Franck Tarpin-Bernard, Michael F. Bergeron, Curtis B. Ashford, Peter J. Bayley, John Wesson Ashford

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Continuous recognition tasks (CRTs) assess episodic memory (EM), the central functional disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease and several related disorders. The online MemTrax computerized CRT provides a platform for screening and assessment that is engaging and can be repeated frequently. MemTrax presents complex visual stimuli, which require complex involvement of the lateral and medial temporal lobes and can be completed in less than 2 min. Results include number of correct recognitions (HITs), recognition failures (MISSes = 1-HITs), correct rejections (CRs), false alarms (FAs = 1-CRs), total correct (TC = HITs + CRs), and response times (RTs) for each HIT and …

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New 2d Penta-Sipn: A Wide And Indirect Bandgap Semiconductor, I. A. Qattan, Shambhu Bhandari Sharma, K. C. Santosh, Sufian Abedrabbo Jan 2024

New 2d Penta-Sipn: A Wide And Indirect Bandgap Semiconductor, I. A. Qattan, Shambhu Bhandari Sharma, K. C. Santosh, Sufian Abedrabbo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal ternary monolayers have attracted much attention and emerged as a new class of materials because of their new feature and extensive applicability. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we predict a new 2D pentagonal-SiPN or p-SiPN monolayer material. The new monolayer has shown to be structurally, thermodynamically, and dynamically stable. Our findings imply that p-SiPN is a wide and indirect bandgap semiconductor, with a highly tunable bandgap with applied equ-biaxial strain. This makes p-SiPN a promising candidate for futuristic optoelectronics and nanomechanics device applications.

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Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez Jan 2024

Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Perturbation walking (PW) has been shown to improve gait, however its effect on the cortical control of gait might provide insights on neural mechanisms underlying falls in adults with osteoarthritis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of PW on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation in older women with (OA) and without osteoarthritis (HOA). We hypothesized that there would be an increase in PFC activation during PW relative to comfortable walking (CW) and higher increase in PFC activation during PW in HOA compared to OA. Methods: Twenty community-dwelling older women (66.7 ± 5.41 years old) walked on …

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Andalusian Electoral Campaign 2022: Analysis Of The Relationships Between Interest, Media Use And Citizen Participation, Ana Castillo Díaz, Belén Moreno Jan 2024

Andalusian Electoral Campaign 2022: Analysis Of The Relationships Between Interest, Media Use And Citizen Participation, Ana Castillo Díaz, Belén Moreno

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper analyzes the media coverage of the 2022 Andalusian election campaign and its connection to the interest expressed by citizens in the campaign, as well as their participation through voting and as transmitters of campaign-related content. To determine the existence of relationships between the variables considered, the chi-square hypothesis test is used. The strength of the associations is measured using Cramer’s V and the contingency coefficient. The results show an association between interest in the campaign and media coverage. Television is the preferred medium for staying informed, followed by digital press and radio. Debates and interviews are the most …

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Effect Of Fermentation, Malting And Ultrasonication On Sorghum, Mopane Worm And Moringa Oleifera: Improvement In Their Nutritional, Techno-Functional And Health Promoting Properties, Mpho Sebabiki Maleke, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Jonathan Wilkin, Moira Ledbetter, Xi Feng, John Gieng, Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa Jan 2024

Effect Of Fermentation, Malting And Ultrasonication On Sorghum, Mopane Worm And Moringa Oleifera: Improvement In Their Nutritional, Techno-Functional And Health Promoting Properties, Mpho Sebabiki Maleke, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Jonathan Wilkin, Moira Ledbetter, Xi Feng, John Gieng, Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Food processing offers various benefits that contribute to food nutrition, food security and convenience. This study investigated the effect of three different processes (fermentation, malting and ultrasonication) on the nutritional, techno-functional and health-promoting properties of sorghum, mopane worm and Moringa oleifera. Methods: The fermented and malted flours were prepared at 35°C for 48 h, and for ultrasonication, samples were subjected to 10 min at 4°C with amplitudes of 40–70 Hz. The biochemical, nutritional quality and techno-functional properties of the obtained flours were analysed using standard procedures. Results: Fermentation resulted in significantly lower pH and higher titratable acidity in sorghum …

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Exploring Angiotensin Ii And Oxidative Stress In Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation: Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Riana Dolland, Sandra R. Brown, Kan Wang, Damian Dolland, David Mu, Milton L. Brown Jan 2024

Exploring Angiotensin Ii And Oxidative Stress In Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation: Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Riana Dolland, Sandra R. Brown, Kan Wang, Damian Dolland, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Radiation-induced cataracts (RICs) represent a significant public health challenge, particularly impacting individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) through medical treatments, occupational settings, and environmental factors. Effective therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying RIC formation (RICF). This study investigates the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidative stress in RIC development, with a focus on their combined effects on lens transparency and cellular function. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, as well as the impact of Ang II on inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. …

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Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (Risf): Opportunity For Angiotensin Ii-Dependent Intervention, Patricia F. Boothe, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Kan Wang, Howard Levinson, David Mu, Milton L. Brown Jan 2024

Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (Risf): Opportunity For Angiotensin Ii-Dependent Intervention, Patricia F. Boothe, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Kan Wang, Howard Levinson, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. …

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Boxes And Tangled Tetrahedra, Hidefumi Katsuura Jan 2024

Boxes And Tangled Tetrahedra, Hidefumi Katsuura

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The twin tetrahedron of a given tetrahedron is obtained by circumscribing it by a parallelepiped. However, in general, it is not easy to construct a box that circumscribes a tetrahedron. Actually, constructing a box is equivalent of finding two tangled tetrahedra. We first establish a theorem to construct tangled tetrahedra circumscribed in a box with concurrent diagonals. This generalizes the idea of twin tetrahedra circumscribed in a parallelepiped. And we show that two tetrahedra are twins if and only if they are tangled with concurrent diagonals at the centroid of one of the tetrahedra. We establish a theorem in order …

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Chapter 17. Approaches To Inclusive Recruitment: Practical And Hopeful, Adriana Poo, Anamika Megwalu, Nick Szydlowski, Kathryn Blackmer Reyes, Peggy Cabrera, Ann Agee Jan 2024

Chapter 17. Approaches To Inclusive Recruitment: Practical And Hopeful, Adriana Poo, Anamika Megwalu, Nick Szydlowski, Kathryn Blackmer Reyes, Peggy Cabrera, Ann Agee

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

San José State University (SJSU) is located in downtown San José, a city of over one million residents in California’s San Francisco Bay Area. Established in 1857, SJSU is the oldest public university on the west coast of the United States. It is also the founding campus of the California State University (CSU) system that comprises twenty-three campuses, making it the largest four-year public university system in the country. SJSU has nine colleges and sixty-seven departments, which offer bachelor’s, master’s, and a growing number of doctoral degree programs. It enrolls over 36,000 students and employs more than 2,100 faculty members. …

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[Review Of] Abolition Geography, By Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Jennifer Rycenga Jan 2024

[Review Of] Abolition Geography, By Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Jennifer Rycenga

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

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Persistent Net Release Of Carbon Dioxide And Methane From An Alaskan Lowland Boreal Peatland Complex, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Colin W. Edgar, Evan Kane, Mark P. Waldrop, Rebecca B. Neumann, Kristen L. Manies, Thomas A. Douglas, Catherine Dieleman, Miriam C. Jones, Merritt R. Turetsky Jan 2024

Persistent Net Release Of Carbon Dioxide And Methane From An Alaskan Lowland Boreal Peatland Complex, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Colin W. Edgar, Evan Kane, Mark P. Waldrop, Rebecca B. Neumann, Kristen L. Manies, Thomas A. Douglas, Catherine Dieleman, Miriam C. Jones, Merritt R. Turetsky

Michigan Tech Publications

Permafrost degradation in peatlands is altering vegetation and soil properties and impacting net carbon storage. We studied four adjacent sites in Alaska with varied permafrost regimes, including a black spruce forest on a peat plateau with permafrost, two collapse scar bogs of different ages formed following thermokarst, and a rich fen without permafrost. Measurements included year-round eddy covariance estimates of net carbon dioxide (CO2), mid-April to October methane (CH4) emissions, and environmental variables. From 2011 to 2022, annual rainfall was above the historical average, snow water equivalent increased, and snow-season duration shortened due to later snow return. Seasonally thawed active …

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Valorization Of Spent Vetiver Roots For Biochar Generation, Sameer Neve, Dibyendu Sarkar, Manas Warke, Teresa Bandosz, Rupali Datta Jan 2024

Valorization Of Spent Vetiver Roots For Biochar Generation, Sameer Neve, Dibyendu Sarkar, Manas Warke, Teresa Bandosz, Rupali Datta

Michigan Tech Publications

Vetiver root is widely used to produce essential oils in the aromatherapy industry. After the extraction of oil, the roots are disposed of as waste. The central objective of this research was to explore the conversion of this waste into a resource using a circular economy framework. To generate biochar, vetiver roots were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C) and residence times (30, 60, and 120 min). Analysis showed the root biochar generated at 500 °C and held for 60 min had the highest surface area of 308.15 m2/g and a yield of 53.76%, in addition to …

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Interest In Over-The-Counter Progestin-Only Pills Among Transgender, Nonbinary, And Gender-Expansive Individuals In The United States, Kate Grindlay, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Sachiko Ragosta, Jen Hastings, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Zubin Dastur, Micah E. Lubensky, Heidi Moseson Jan 2024

Interest In Over-The-Counter Progestin-Only Pills Among Transgender, Nonbinary, And Gender-Expansive Individuals In The United States, Kate Grindlay, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Sachiko Ragosta, Jen Hastings, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Zubin Dastur, Micah E. Lubensky, Heidi Moseson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first nonprescription oral contraceptive, a progestin-only pill, in the United States. Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth face substantial contraceptive access barriers and may benefit from over-the-counter oral contraceptive access. However, no previous research has explored their perspectives on this topic. Objective: This study aimed to measure interest in over-the-counter progestin-only pill use among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive individuals assigned female or intersex at birth. Study Design: We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey from May to September 2019 (before the US Food and …

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Creating Valid Adversarial Examples Of Malware, Matouš Kozák, Martin Jureček, Mark Stamp, Fabio Di Troia Jan 2024

Creating Valid Adversarial Examples Of Malware, Matouš Kozák, Martin Jureček, Mark Stamp, Fabio Di Troia

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Because of its world-class results, machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly popular as a go-to solution for many tasks. As a result, antivirus developers are incorporating ML models into their toolchains. While these models improve malware detection capabilities, they also carry the disadvantage of being susceptible to adversarial attacks. Although this vulnerability has been demonstrated for many models in white-box settings, a black-box scenario is more applicable in practice for the domain of malware detection. We present a method of creating adversarial malware examples using reinforcement learning algorithms. The reinforcement learning agents utilize a set of functionality-preserving modifications, thus creating …

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Fuzzy Similarity Analysis Of Effective Training Samples To Improve Machine Learning Estimations Of Water Quality Parameters Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data, Alireza Taheri Dehkordi, Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej, Ali Mehran, Mohsen Jafari, Amir Masoud Chegoonian Jan 2024

Fuzzy Similarity Analysis Of Effective Training Samples To Improve Machine Learning Estimations Of Water Quality Parameters Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data, Alireza Taheri Dehkordi, Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej, Ali Mehran, Mohsen Jafari, Amir Masoud Chegoonian

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Continuous monitoring of water quality parameters (WQPs) is crucial due to the global degradation of water quality, primarily caused by climate change and population growth. Typically, machine learning (ML) models are employed to retrieve WQPs, but they require a large amount of training samples to accurately capture the data relationships. Even with sufficient training data, discrepancies still exist between values of predicted and in-situ WQPs. This study proposes a fuzzy similarity analysis (FSA) technique to enhance ML estimates of WQPs by using the prediction errors in effective training samples. The method was successfully applied to retrieve turbidity (Turb) and specific …

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Classification And Online Clustering Of Zero-Day Malware, Olha Jurečková, Martin Jureček, Mark Stamp, Fabio Di Troia, Róbert Lórencz Jan 2024

Classification And Online Clustering Of Zero-Day Malware, Olha Jurečková, Martin Jureček, Mark Stamp, Fabio Di Troia, Róbert Lórencz

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A large amount of new malware is constantly being generated, which must not only be distinguished from benign samples, but also classified into malware families. For this purpose, investigating how existing malware families are developed and examining emerging families need to be explored. This paper focuses on the online processing of incoming malicious samples to assign them to existing families or, in the case of samples from new families, to cluster them. We experimented with seven prevalent malware families from the EMBER dataset, four in the training set and three additional new families in the test set. The features were …

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Effects Of The Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project On Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect 7 Years Post-Implementation (1999–2010), Bridget Freisthler, Jennifer Price Wolf Jan 2024

Effects Of The Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project On Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect 7 Years Post-Implementation (1999–2010), Bridget Freisthler, Jennifer Price Wolf

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Evaluations of alcohol environmental prevention efforts examine short-term effects of these interventions on alcohol-related problems. We examine whether the effects of the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP), an alcohol environmental intervention aimed to reduce alcohol-related problems in two neighbourhoods, on child abuse and neglect remained 7 years post-implementation. Methods: SNAPP used a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design, where intervention activities occurred in the South area, followed by those in the North area 2 years later. Our sample size is 3912 space–time units (326 census block groups × 12 years [1999–2010]). Outcomes were measured at the household level and …

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Lessons From A Professional Learning Community: Navigating Tensions While Moving Between Theory And Practice In Teaching Chemistry For Social Justice, Kathryn Ribay Jan 2024

Lessons From A Professional Learning Community: Navigating Tensions While Moving Between Theory And Practice In Teaching Chemistry For Social Justice, Kathryn Ribay

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Maintaining a commitment to social justice teaching can be especially challenging when navigating the bureaucratic systems and ever-spiraling responsibilities of the education system. To better understand how social-justice-oriented educators navigate these tensions, this paper uses qualitative methods to investigate the social justice problems of practice identified by five chemistry teachers in a year-long professional learning community. By analyzing the challenges described in their problem-posing segments, I identify seven major themes that represent key sources of tension and possibility as teachers move from theory to practice in teaching chemistry for social justice. These findings indicate that the practical considerations of day-to-day …

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Access To Digital Finance: Equity Crowdfunding Across Countries And Platforms, Saul Estrin, Susanna Khavul, Alexander S. Kritikos, Jonas Löher Jan 2024

Access To Digital Finance: Equity Crowdfunding Across Countries And Platforms, Saul Estrin, Susanna Khavul, Alexander S. Kritikos, Jonas Löher

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Financing entrepreneurship spurs innovation and economic growth. Digital financial platforms that crowdfund equity for entrepreneurs have emerged globally, yet they remain poorly understood. We model equity crowdfunding in terms of the relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised per pitch. We examine heterogeneity in the average amount raised per pitch that is associated with differences across three countries and seven platforms. Using a novel dataset of successful fundraising on the most prominent platforms in the UK, Germany, and the USA, we find the underlying relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money …

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Emf Revisited, Art Davis Jan 2024

Emf Revisited, Art Davis

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper was inspired by a recent publication by Redžíc (2018 Eur. J. Phys. 39 025205) which threw into bold relief the differences between the way Maxwell viewed the current and the way Lorentz visualized it. We make the assumption that for a circuit of laboratory dimensions current (and charge perturbation effects in general) can be assumed to propagate instantaneously around the loop. Our second fundamental assumption is the commonly accepted one that E is the force per unit charge on a stationary charge. We use these facts to make the usual definition of electromotive force more rigorous and to …

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Marine Protection And Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling In Kelp Forests, June Shrestha, Joseph R. Peters, Jennifer E. Caselle, Scott L. Hamilton Jan 2024

Marine Protection And Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling In Kelp Forests, June Shrestha, Joseph R. Peters, Jennifer E. Caselle, Scott L. Hamilton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Animal consumers excrete dissolved inorganic nitrogen, an essential nutrient for regulating primary production and macroalgal growth in the ocean. Often overlooked in attempts to explain kelp forest productivity, relatively little is known about the role of consumers in nutrient cycling in temperate systems, such as the magnitude of nutrients excreted and the factors that influence spatial and temporal variability in consumer-derived nutrients. To investigate the supply of ammonium (NH4+) excreted by the dominant members of the nearshore rocky reef fish community, we combined empirically-measured relationships between excretion rate and body mass with data on fish density and size structure from …

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Mitigating Risk: Predicting H5n1 Avian Influenza Spread With An Empirical Model Of Bird Movement, Fiona Mcduie, Cory T. Overton, Austen A. Lorenz, Elliott L. Matchett, Andrea L. Mott, Desmond A. Mackell, Joshua T. Ackerman, Susan E.W. De La Cruz, Vijay P. Patil, Diann J. Prosser, John Y. Takekawa, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Maurice E. Pitesky, Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz, Brock M. Riggs, Joseph Gendreau, Eric T. Reed, Mark J. Petrie, Chris K. Williams Jan 2024

Mitigating Risk: Predicting H5n1 Avian Influenza Spread With An Empirical Model Of Bird Movement, Fiona Mcduie, Cory T. Overton, Austen A. Lorenz, Elliott L. Matchett, Andrea L. Mott, Desmond A. Mackell, Joshua T. Ackerman, Susan E.W. De La Cruz, Vijay P. Patil, Diann J. Prosser, John Y. Takekawa, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Maurice E. Pitesky, Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz, Brock M. Riggs, Joseph Gendreau, Eric T. Reed, Mark J. Petrie, Chris K. Williams

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Understanding timing and distribution of virus spread is critical to global commercial and wildlife biosecurity management. A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) global panzootic, affecting 600 bird and mammal species globally and over 83 million birds across North America (December 2023), poses a serious global threat to animals and public health. We combined a large, long-term waterfowl GPS tracking dataset (16 species) with on-ground disease surveillance data (county-level HPAIv detections) to create a novel empirical model that evaluated spatiotemporal exposure and predicted future spread and potential arrival of HPAIv via GPS tracked migratory waterfowl through 2022. Our model was …

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Next Steps For Assessing Ocean Iron Fertilization For Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, Ken O. Buesseler, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy, Paul J. Morris, Sara Nawaz, Nishioka, Anh Pham, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, David A. Siegel, Sarah R. Smith, Deborah Steinberg, Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Benjamin S. Twining, Romany M. Webb Jan 2024

Next Steps For Assessing Ocean Iron Fertilization For Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, Ken O. Buesseler, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy, Paul J. Morris, Sara Nawaz, Nishioka, Anh Pham, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, David A. Siegel, Sarah R. Smith, Deborah Steinberg, Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Benjamin S. Twining, Romany M. Webb

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

There are many potential approaches to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR), of which ocean iron fertilization (OIF) has the longest history of study. However, OIF studies to date were not primarily designed to quantify the durability of carbon (C) storage, nor how wise OIF might be as an mCDR approach. To quantify C sequestration, we introduce a metric called the “centennial tonne,” defined as 1,000 kg of C isolated from atmospheric contact for on average at least 100 years. We present the activities needed to assess OIF from a scientific and technological perspective, and additionally, how it might be responsibly …

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Public Libraries Encouraged To Meet The Health Information Needs Of Tribal Women In Bangladesh, Lili Luo Jan 2024

Public Libraries Encouraged To Meet The Health Information Needs Of Tribal Women In Bangladesh, Lili Luo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Objective – To investigate public libraries’ existing community engagement practices, explore their willingness to provide health information services to tribal communities in Bangladesh, and examine tribal women’s health information-seeking behavior and interest in obtaining health information from public libraries. Design – A cross-sectional study using online interviews and structured questionnaires. Setting – Public libraries and tribal communities in tribal regions of Bangladesh. Subjects – Public librarians (n=11) and tribal women (n=276) from three tribal districts in Bangladesh (Bandarban, Khagrachari, and Mymensingh). Methods – Interviews were conducted with librarians via Zoom in January 2023. Survey questionnaires were distributed to a convenience …

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Research On Teachers Of Color And Indigenous Teachers: Developing And Fortifying Policies That Diversify The Educator Workforce, Conra Gist, Travis J. Bristol, Saili Kulkarni Jan 2024

Research On Teachers Of Color And Indigenous Teachers: Developing And Fortifying Policies That Diversify The Educator Workforce, Conra Gist, Travis J. Bristol, Saili Kulkarni

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This special issue expands upon the Handbook of Research on Teachers of Color and Indigenous Teachers (Gist & Bristol, 2022a) and the practitioner-focused Phi Delta Kappan special issue, “Learning from the Voices of Black, Indigenous and People of Color Educators: Charting New Directions for Research, Policy, and Practice” (Gist & Bristol, 2021). The co-created articles in this special issue highlight the combined expertise of policy makers and education researchers. While the Handbook featured empirical research, and the Phi Delta Kappan special issue featured research briefs and teacher testimonies, the policy-driven articles in this special issue explore how research can be …

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Sample Sizes For 10 Types Of Qualitative Data Analysis: An Integrative Review, Empirical Guidance, And Next Steps, Amber Wutich, Melissa Beresford, H. Russell Bernard Jan 2024

Sample Sizes For 10 Types Of Qualitative Data Analysis: An Integrative Review, Empirical Guidance, And Next Steps, Amber Wutich, Melissa Beresford, H. Russell Bernard

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

There has been a recent explosion of articles on minimum sample sizes needed for analyzing qualitative data. The purpose of this integrated review is to examine this literature for 10 types of qualitative data analysis (5 types of saturation and 5 common methods). Building on established reviews and expanding to new methods, our findings extract the following sample size guidelines: theme saturation (9 interviews; 4 focus groups), meaning saturation (24 interviews; 8 focus groups), theoretical saturation (20–30+ interviews), metatheme saturation (20–40 interviews per site), and saturation in salience (10 exhaustive free lists); two methods where power analysis determines sample size: …

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Student Understanding Of Divergence And Curl In Upper-Division Electromagnetism, J. Toby Stuckey, Gina M. Quan Jan 2024

Student Understanding Of Divergence And Curl In Upper-Division Electromagnetism, J. Toby Stuckey, Gina M. Quan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The purpose of this paper is to understand and characterize student thinking about the physics concepts of divergence and curl in the context of upper-division electromagnetism for physics majors. We interviewed five students at a west coast university who had taken at least one semester of upper-division electricity and magnetism. The interview prompted students to describe divergence and curl in multiple representations (visually, mathematically, qualitatively). Our analysis identified that students can notice but struggle to resolve discrepancies between the mathematical calculations and the graphical representations of vector fields. We illustrate examples of when students appear to have a disconnect between …

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The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges Jan 2024

The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This chapter examines how the doings of the algorithm (instantiated through its operations, actions, and steps) and its accompanying algorithmic system are revealed and explored through an engagement with the paradata created as a part of this data-making effort. In doing so, the chapter explores how the concept of paradata helps us understand how information professionals and domain stakeholders conceptualize accountable algorithmic entities and how this influences how they emerge as documented and describable entities. Two complementary frameworks for capturing and preserving paradata for accountability purposes are examined in the process. The first is associated with diplomatic theory and archival …

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