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Conflicting Counter-Hegemonies?: The Dramaturgy Of James Connolly And Sean O'Casey, James Moran

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines the radicalism of James Connolly through the optic of theatre and performance. In particular, I test his only extant play-script—written shortly before his death—against the hostile critique of the dramatist Seán O’Casey. Despite the biographical similarities between these two men, O’Casey expressed deep disappointment with the climax of Connolly’s career as a labor agitator, organizer and revolutionary socialist, criticizing him for having travelled from socialism to nationalism, a journey which O’Casey had seemingly made in reverse. I offer a rereading of Connolly’s play to show that the situation is more complex than that envisaged by O’Casey. Although …

The Pitfalls Of Theatrical Consciousness, Lionel Pilkington

Kritika Kultura

Beginning with Frantz Fanon’s description of the problematic yet energizing effects of decolonization in The Wretched of the Earth (1961), this essay discusses the ways in which the theatre of modernity appears especially attractive to anti-colonial and post-colonial nationalist movements. This dominant and institutional model of theatre presents the colonized, not only as physically decorous, but as efficient and ready for work within a capitalist economy. The essay examines these propositions in relation to twentieth-century Irish theatre and drama. The second part of the essay examines the continuing centrality of performance and professional theatre within current discourses of neoliberalism and …

Heroes With Their Hands In The Air: Memory And Commemoration In The Contemporary Documentary Theater, Sheila Mccormick

Kritika Kultura

Documentary theatre has the capacity to confront and challenge its audience; however, there are occasions when examples from the genre avoid confrontation. These examples might not promote ideas consistent with the political status quo; neither, however, do they challenge it. This paper examines the ability of documentary theatre to move between two extremes: of challenging dominant power structures, or reinforcing the political or social status quo. It contrasts two documentary theatre performances that both took place on the fringes of mainstream theatre production, and which both explore the same social event: Bloody Sunday and the Saville Inquiry. In doing so, …

Carnivalesque Economies: Clowning And The Neoliberal Impasse, Barnaby King

Kritika Kultura

In Colombia, clowns are proliferating and thriving, particularly in the context of neoliberal political economies prevailing since the mid-1990s. This paper explores some reasons why this might have occurred, as well as theorizing a two-way relationship of domination and resistance between clown practices and the current iteration of late capitalist global economies; what I call “carnivalesque economies.” While Bakhtin described clowns as “the constant, accredited representatives of the carnival spirit in everyday life out of carnival season,” the Colombian case suggests that their breaching of norms and violations of taboos are all too easily co-opted by governments, corporations, and institutions …

Performing The Peace Process And Performing The Past In The Irish Republican Commemoration, Paddy Hoey

Kritika Kultura

In the years since the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Peace Agreement in Northern Ireland, there has been a structural realignment of the Irish republican activist milieu. The agreement delivered the end of armed struggle for the largest republican militant group, the Provisional IRA, and provided the opportunity for the electoral growth of its formerly subordinate political wing, Sinn Féin. The latter has become the dominant gatekeeper of republican identity, defining ideologically important performative rituals, like commemorations. During the period of the Peace Process, these rituals self-consciously eschewed armed and uniformed displays of military force that were central to …

Resistant Acts In Post-Genocide Rwanda, Ananda Breed

Kritika Kultura

Performances of justice and human rights have served as international platforms for truth-telling and nation-building both in the aftermath of apartheid in South Africa, and genocide in the case of Rwanda. There are moments of overlap between actual court proceedings, which can in their own right be deemed as a performance, and the use of theatre for dialogic negotiations between past atrocities and present juridical systems for reconstruction.1 Within the messy context of post-conflict reconstruction, speech often falters. Articulations of identities and speech acts become disjointed between personal and collective memories and identities; but are forced into the construction of …

Marking "Austerity": Critique, Purpose And Perfromance, Victor Merriman

Kritika Kultura

This essay attempts to mark the current phase of capitalist neoliberalism, in order to create a space for articulation, in both senses of the word: there is a need both to articulate, as in to connect together ideas, events and their consequences, and to articulate, as in to voice the dynamics, contradictions, and injustices to which they give rise. As Shock Doctrine (Klein 2007), draped in Austerity’s mantle, enters the Common European Home, articulation as voice is an attempt to shatter, not silence, but the white noise generated by the mantra, “There Is No Alternative” (TINA). “Marking ‘Austerity’” sets out …

Reconstituting Histories Of Filipino Families With Chinese Ancestry: Methodology, Sources, And Relevance, Richard T. Chu

Kritika Kultura

Conducting one’s family history can enrich not only one’s own sense of self but also a nation’s history, especially in a country like the Philippines where oligarchic families have historically had an impact on the nation’s society, economy, and society. Many of these families are Tsinoy (Chinese-Filipino). Only few, however, have undertaken to reconstitute their histories. This essay discusses the various methods, sources, resources, and various frameworks (e.g., transnational, gendered) that one can use in the reconstitution of Tsinoy family histories. It also explains the significance that such family histories have in reframing and broadening our understanding of Philippine history.

Looking For Melayu: Translators And Seafarers, Corazon D. Villareal

Kritika Kultura

This essay explores literary relations between the Philippines and Malaysia through a study of translational exchange between the two countries. It argues that translational exchange between the Philippines and Malaysia cannot be understood only through a study of contemporary translations since the connections between the two countries date back to pre-colonial times. Other than a discussion of some contemporary translations, the article cites two cases of translational exchange. The first is Pigafetta’s account of Enrique, the Malay slave/translator who accompanied Magellan in his expedition to the Philippines, and the appropriation of this account by a Malaysian historical novelist. The other …

Region And Microhistory: Writing The Chinese Diaspora In The Philippines, Richard T. Chu, Caroline S. Hau

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

A Question Of Izzat: Honor, Shame And Ownership Among Sunni Muslims In South Asia And The British Diaspora, Lila Ramos Shahani

Kritika Kultura

This paper is part of a larger project that looks at Asian writers in the English-speaking world. It focuses on literature representing British-Muslim identities in relation to post- 9/11 and post-7/7 debates on national identity, cultural and religious expression, and the future of multiculturalism in Britain. While the postcolonial paradigm offers a rich site for examining the long-term consequences of colonialism in relation to first- and second- generation writers, the complex politics of location in recent British-South Asian fiction points to the emergence of a new set of positionalities. I argue that much contemporary minority writing has come to reflect …

Translating The "No Man", Markus Locker

Kritika Kultura

On the premise that language is untranslatable a priori into another (Ricoeur), this essay suggests that the task of the translator is not only to translate what words express, but likewise what they do not express. The translation of the expressionless word (Benjamin) leads the translator into the realm of the self, imagined vis-à-vis language and culture. It is through the imagination that the self encounters the non-self (Fichte), i.e. the expressionless self that complements the expressed self. The ultimate task of translation—it is thus argued—equally requires the translation of the non-self, i.e. the poetization (Novalis) of the human confined …

Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj

Kritika Kultura

What fidelity consists in has always been a central concern in translation studies and practice. This essay first discusses its shifting meaning in relation to the various turns in contemporary translation theory, and their application to the translation of religious practice. It then examines the translation of late medieval post-Reformation Spanish Catholicism into Filipino Christianity through an analysis of its texts and performances. It concludes by revisiting the meaning of fidelity and relates it to root-metaphors for translation in some Philippine languages. Fidelity appears not as the transfer of an unchanging meaning but as the recognition of self within the …

The Undiscovered Country: Shakespeare In Philippine Literatures, Judy Celine Ick

Kritika Kultura

Far from being a corpus of faithful renderings in local languages, Shakespearean translations in and into Philippine literatures participate in the afterlife of Shakespearean texts where Shakespeare is only one among many points of origin. Taking off from the late nineteenth century, the essay covers Shakespearean texts translated into some major Philippine languages—Tagalog, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, and Bikolano—over the course of the twentieth century. The essay attempts to locate and describe some key qualities of Shakespearean translations in Philippine literatures, account for the shifting nature of authorship in these local practices of translation, and finally gestures towards probing the question of …

Lexical Creativity In Thai English Fiction, Pairote Bennui, Azirah Hashim

Kritika Kultura

Unlike some varieties of English in Southeast Asia, the notion that there is a ‘Thai English’ is debatable. This paper examines distinctive non-native features of a lexicon found in contemporary Thai writing in English to ascertain if English in this Expanding Circle country is developing its own linguistic norms. An analysis of features of lexical creativity in five short stories and novels is carried out to determine whether the characteristics found indicate that a Thai English vocabulary exists. An ‘integrated framework’ which combines concepts in World Englishes by Braj B, Kachru, Peter Strevens, and Edgar W. Schneider is adopted in …

Mis-Education, Translation And The Barkada Of Languages: Reading Renato Constantino With Nick Joaquin, Vicente L. Rafael

Kritika Kultura

This paper re-visits the classic piece by Renato Constantino, “The Mis-education of the Filipino” (1959/1966), inquiring into the colonial basis of his anti-colonial critique of American English. It explores the affinity between his view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as …

The Making Of Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote To Youth, Jonathan Chua

Kritika Kultura

This article recounts the story behind the publication of Villa’s stories and his book Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others (1933) in the United States. First, the conditions of the American literary marketplace are briefly described. Second, documents pertaining to the realization in print of Villa’s stories and his book are analyzed as sites of negotiations between colonial subject (Villa) and the colonial master (his American editors and publishers). Finally, an account of how Villa was made to circulate in the Philippines after the publication of his stories and his book in the United States is given. …

Selected Days, Raymond John De Borja

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Crónica De Filipinas En La Poesía De Zoilo Hilario, Isaac Donoso

Kritika Kultura

Debido a la fragmentación lingüística, la literatura filipina en español, que había tenido el papel de diseñar el devenir de la nación, fue segregada y olvidada en bibliotecas y tiendas de antigüedades. De ser patrimonio nacional, la literatura filipina en español acabó constituyendo “recuerdos de familia”. Usando como ejemplo la vida y poesía en español de Zoilo Hilario (1892-1963), el presente artículo trata de realizar una crónica de Filipinas en el siglo XX atendiendo al valor estético y político del Modernismo filipino y al conflicto generacional que la intervención norteamericana produjo en el archipiélago. Desde el cenáculo literario «El Jardín …

Staging The Nation: Claro M. Recto’S Domestic Dramas, Eugenio Matibag

Kritika Kultura

Near the beginning of a prolific and productive career as a writer and statesman, Claro M. Recto (1890-1960) authored two prize-winning dramas that were performed at the Manila Grand Opera House. Each of the plays—La ruta de Damasco (1913) and Solo entre las sombras (1917)—is a drama that represents the interactions of an ilustrado family in its relationship to the imposition of cultural practices and power structures under American rule. This essay proposes that in these dramas written by an ilustrado and performed for an interpellated ilustrado audience, the ilustrado home stands as a metonym of the nation, its family …

Gods, Monsters, Heroes, And Tricksters In Adelina Gurrea’S Cuentos De Juana, Rosario Cruz-Lucero

Kritika Kultura

Gurrea’s Cuentos de Juana (Juana’s Tales) may be read as a palimpsest of the whole of Philippine history, with its indigenous system of thought and knowledge refusing to be erased or overwritten but instead, actively engaging with its colonial history. Colonialism did not so much mean the loss of the people’s teleological world as its dispersion into the Spanish world of significations. Moreover, as a unit of Philippine literary history, Cuentos bridges the gap between Philippine indigenous cosmology (now called “folklore” or even “superstition”) and modern narrative traditions. It thus confirms the continuity of this history, despite the interruptions wrought …

Death, Event, And A Deconstruction Of Gihapon In ‘Flores Ni Maria Santisima’, Cyril Belvis

Kritika Kultura

This paper proposes a deconstructive reading of Flores ni Maria Santisima, a Hiligaynon novena written by Padre Raymundo Lozano and printed in 1867. Set against the economic bustle of nineteenth-century Iloilo after it opened port to foreign trade,the novena demonstrates a homological relationship between capitalism and the practice of spiritual accumulation in the Flores. Nevertheless,teasing out the liminality of this text undermines its self-assurance as a monologic triumph of signification.A recurrent word in the novena, gihapon (always) plays an important transactional role in the promise of a happy death. As an incalculable event which subverts anticipation, death is a call …

Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia

Kritika Kultura

Despite or precisely because of the fact that it is being increasingly globally invoked, the LGBT signifier bids us to understand its discursive performances in various localities, particularly in the global south, whose conservative traditions this form of politics most visibly challenges, at the same time that it can only do so translationally—which is to say, as a form of transcultural syncretism. More specifically, this paper offers a postcolonial reading of LGBT discourse in the Philippines, examining the confluence between the discourse of Western “psychospirituality” and the local idiom of interiority (kalooban), as evinced, in particular, in the minoritized identity …

Women Of Will For Nation Building In Pramoedya’S Three Early Novels, Novita Dewi

Kritika Kultura

Of great interest to Pramoedya’s writing, which is largely neglected, is the presence of ordinary women as supporting characters. This paper discusses the depiction of strong- willed women who embody the desired character that the Indonesian nationalists in the 1950s sought to construct in Pramoedya’s three early novels, i.e. Keluarga Gerilya [The Guerilla Family] (1950), Korupsi [Corruption] (1954), and Sekali Peristiwa di Banten Selatan [Once Upon A Time in South Banten] (1958). Written during the period when nationalism in the country began to crack, the three novels present minor but arresting female characters: these women are able to find their …

An Evidence-Based Preceptor Development Program For Nurse Anesthetists, Raleigh Todd

Doctoral Projects

Abstract

Problem Statement: The success of the student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNA) is heavily influenced by experiences in the clinical setting, often encompassing a variety of preceptors throughout their respective anesthesia programs. Despite the importance of the preceptor role, many preceptors feel unprepared, and it is estimated most certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) who precept students have received no formal training in the preceptor role.

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to develop and evaluate an evidence-based preceptor education program for CRNA preceptors, utilizing evidence from literature and input from practicing nurse anesthetists. This program helps provide support by …

Anastasios Smalis V. Commissioner Of Internal Revenue

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Tax Court

Usa V. Germaine Kelly

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USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Henry Washington V. Robert Gilmore

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USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Jerry Daniels V. Dauphin County District Attorney\'S Office

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USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

Sara Edmondson V. Lilliston Ford Inc

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USDC for the District of New Jersey