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2024

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Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu Dec 2024

Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu

Kritika Kultura

This article aims to offer a new route into the study of Carlos Bulosan’s America Is in the Heart by going beyond the usual sociocultural focus and turning instead to the material, specifically the illnesses and injuries borne by Filipino bodies—tuberculosis, syphilis, hunger, injuries, even death—to learn about their colonial and migrant experiences. In the novel, tuberculosis affects working-class migrant Filipinos disproportionately in both the Philippines and the United States of America. Migrant Filipinos are also constantly haunted by hunger and are always injured, or even shot; and working-class women frequently die from syphilis. Applying ecocritical theories to study the …

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Vultures And Candles As Metaphors Of Leadership Failures In Emeka Nwabueze's A Parliament Of Vultures And Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu's The Candles, Emeka Aniago, Norbert Oyibo Eze, Stella Okoye-Ugwu, Divine Sheriff Joe Dec 2024

Vultures And Candles As Metaphors Of Leadership Failures In Emeka Nwabueze's A Parliament Of Vultures And Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu's The Candles, Emeka Aniago, Norbert Oyibo Eze, Stella Okoye-Ugwu, Divine Sheriff Joe

Kritika Kultura

Poor leadership has unarguably been recognized as a major national question around which many socioeconomic and political problems revolve in Nigeria. It has led to decadence and a squandermania mentality which breeds all sort of vices, mass poverty, absent and decaying infrastructure, kidnapping, agitations, banditry, and all kinds of insurgency. Playwrights, like other social scientists, have continued to interrogate this ugly phenomenon, which make socioeconomic and political development a will-o’-the-wisp in the country. This paper attempts to examine Emeka Nwabueze’s A Parliament of Vultures and Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu’s The Candles, especially as they deploy the vulture and the candle, respectively, as …

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Integration Of Political Facts And Wayang Stories In Modern Indonesian Novels, Anwar Efendi, Burhan Nurgiyantoro Dec 2024

Integration Of Political Facts And Wayang Stories In Modern Indonesian Novels, Anwar Efendi, Burhan Nurgiyantoro

Kritika Kultura

The presence of political events and wayang stories integrated into modern Indonesian novels is an interesting fact. Political events are facts and knowledge, while wayang stories and novels are fiction and imagination. These two things can be brought together coherently in modern Indonesian novels. Political events are used as historical settings, while wayang stories are used as references for character development, plot, and cultural references. This study aims to describe the way the authors reveal political events in Indonesian history by using wayang as a narrative medium. This article focuses on two novels, namely Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang …

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Spaces Of Affectivity: Innovating Interdisciplinary Discourse In Open, "Free" Space, Mary Mills, Janet Speake Dec 2024

Spaces Of Affectivity: Innovating Interdisciplinary Discourse In Open, "Free" Space, Mary Mills, Janet Speake

Kritika Kultura

This essay presents a reflective narrative on an innovative approach taken to create an open, “free” space in which to share ideas and discuss the theme “Spaces of Affectivity” across the disciplines of arts, humanities, and geography with a focus on the exploration and negotiation of socio-spatial cultural productions of identity. These reflections are based on the planning of two symposia held in 2014 and 2015 under the title Spaces of Affectivity at Liverpool Hope University with the remit of encouraging scholars to stand in their own space and engage with cross-disciplinary discourse. What emerged was a deepening awareness of …

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Melodrama Of Migration: Suffering, Performance, And Stardom In Ricardo Lee's Dh: Domestic Helper, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr. Dec 2024

Melodrama Of Migration: Suffering, Performance, And Stardom In Ricardo Lee's Dh: Domestic Helper, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Forms Of Mobility And Mobile Forms: Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Literary Liquidities I, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Forms Of Mobility And Mobile Forms: Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Literary Liquidities I, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

The relationship between literature and cinema has grown more extensive in recent decades, not only due to the immense popularity of book-movie tie-ins and their intertextual relationship with other narrative genres like online games and literary adaptations on Netflix, but also because of developments in adaptation studies itself. However, there had been a concentration of studies on novel-to-film adaptations or the wholesale transpositions of literary works onto another medium. Still in the developing stage is the academic analysis of adaptations as a site for literary liquidity. Not only do novels, for instance, become source texts for films, there are occasions …

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Channeling The Cinematic In Manuel Puig's Betrayed By Rita Hayworth, Joyce L. Arriola Dec 2024

Channeling The Cinematic In Manuel Puig's Betrayed By Rita Hayworth, Joyce L. Arriola

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores the experience of diasporic mobility in contemporary Philippine-American fiction. In novels such as Cebu by Peter Bacho and America Is Not the Heart by Elaine Castillo, issues of culture and identity are not only foregrounded but also resignified as diasporic people encounter different situations where their sexuality, religion, gender, language and economic status realign along diverse ways and affect their lives in the new country. In a global community where diasporic experiences are provisional, one is able to explore more attentively how mobility changes, and continues to change, its nature and disrupt stable constructs of identity.

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The Oral Aurality Of The Radio Waray Siday, Maria Rocini E. Tenasas Dec 2024

The Oral Aurality Of The Radio Waray Siday, Maria Rocini E. Tenasas

Kritika Kultura

The end of print culture raises many disturbing questions about the position of poetry amidst these immense cultural and technological changes. What will be the place of the poet and his poetry in society now that we are at the cutting edge of technology? What will be the advantage of poetry in what Walter J. Ong calls the technologizing of the word? This study focuses on how the Waray siday as vernacular poetry from the margins emerges into a new form of oral history, known now as secondary orality, as it finds its way on the radio. It analyzes the …

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Experiencing Literature: Discourses Of Islam Through Michel Houellebecq's Soumission, Wening Udasmoro Dec 2024

Experiencing Literature: Discourses Of Islam Through Michel Houellebecq's Soumission, Wening Udasmoro

Kritika Kultura

This article departs from the conventional assumption that works of literature are only texts to be read. Instead, it argues that readers bring these works to life by contextualizing them within themselves and draw from their own life experiences to understand these literary texts’ deeper meanings and themes. Using Soumission (Surrender), a controversial French novel that utilizes stereotypes in its exploration of Islam in France, this research focuses on the consumption of literary texts by French readers who are living or have lived in a country with a Muslim majority, specifically Indonesia. It examines how the novel’s stereotypes of Muslims …

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Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani Dec 2024

Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani

Kritika Kultura

In a Marxist framework, class struggle is prioritized while gender struggle is only secondary. This debate on class over gender priority and vice versa has dominated Anglo-American critical scholarship. Meanwhile, in Asia, Mao Zedong claims that China’s Cultural Revolution has freed women from both class and Confucian patriarchal domination. His claim, however, is far from the truth since Chinese women still have to fight for their equality. Likewise, there are still ongoing struggles for women’s rights and equality in today’s Western societies. This article argues that various revolutionary social changes in Eastern or Western contexts imply a hierarchical relation where …

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Interiority, Traslación, And The Devotion To The Black Nazarene, Mark Joseph T. Calano Dec 2024

Interiority, Traslación, And The Devotion To The Black Nazarene, Mark Joseph T. Calano

Kritika Kultura

The play in the performance of panatà to the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila, demonstrates an authentic religiosity that is manifested in materiality, and a modernity that is indigenous. The paper operates within the framework of a panatà (devotion) as: (1) a personal (even inherited) secret vow; (2) that is performed publicly; and (3) is directed towards touching and being touched by God. The first part discusses the dynamics of how petition and thanksgiving are interior movements that reflect útang-na-loób (debt of gratitude) as dasál (prayer). But this movement, although essentially personal and secret, can only be expressed in the …

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On Faith, Politics, Privilege, And Other Demons, Daryll Delgado Dec 2024

On Faith, Politics, Privilege, And Other Demons, Daryll Delgado

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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The Tongues Of Men And Of Angels, Sandra Nicole Roldan Dec 2024

The Tongues Of Men And Of Angels, Sandra Nicole Roldan

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Rethinking Filipino Masculinities: The Case Of The Cosmopolitan Tambay, Joseph T. Salazar Dec 2024

Rethinking Filipino Masculinities: The Case Of The Cosmopolitan Tambay, Joseph T. Salazar

Kritika Kultura

In the Philippines, tambay refers to men who are notorious for hanging out in the streets for long hours owing to lack of formal work. Traditionally, representations of the tambay have revolved around drinking and the ironic display of patriarchal power despite the lack of clear contributions to the household economy. The study looks at the implications of transnational and economic shifts in rethinking the behaviors and attitudes of the tambay in Metropolitan Manila. The rising number of malls in the metropolis and the significant increase in dollar remittances from overseas have allowed for a shift in material and cultural …

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Why Mourning Matters: The Politics Of Grief In Southeast Asian Narratives Of Women's Migration, Carlos M. Piocos Iii Dec 2024

Why Mourning Matters: The Politics Of Grief In Southeast Asian Narratives Of Women's Migration, Carlos M. Piocos Iii

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines how migrant women’s lives are politicized through the work of mourning by analyzing how grieving over their deaths becomes a way of also claiming accountability from a nation-state that deploys its citizen-breadwinners. I employ critical discussions on mourning by Vicente Rafael, Pheng Cheah, and Judith Butler to analyze an OFW film and two Southeast Asian novels that present different responses to deaths of Filipina and Indonesian domestic workers: Joel Lamangan’s The Flor Contemplacion Story (1995), Jose Dalisay’s Soledad’s Sister (2008), and Rida Fitria’s Sebongkah Tanah Retak (A Lump of Cracked Land, 2010). While these texts are different—one …

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Mapping Historical Dialogue: Remembering For The Future, Alison Atkinson-Phillips, Ulrike Capdepón, Jill Strauss, Oriol López-Badell Dec 2024

Mapping Historical Dialogue: Remembering For The Future, Alison Atkinson-Phillips, Ulrike Capdepón, Jill Strauss, Oriol López-Badell

Kritika Kultura

The Mapping Historical Dialogue Project (MHDP) was developed in 2014, as part of a larger initiative relating to historical dialogue and accountability housed at Columbia University’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights. In the months and years that followed, a group of scholars and practitioners from ten different countries and representing all continents served as researchers to the project. The four authors of this essay are amongst this core group. The Mapping Historical Dialogue is a global interactive geographical map that gathers information on projects of contested memory in (post-)violent conflict countries. The ongoing digital project builds on a …

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Filling In The Gaps: Remembering The 1965 Killings In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong Dec 2024

Filling In The Gaps: Remembering The 1965 Killings In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong

Kritika Kultura

After more than fifty years, Indonesia remains muted in its acknowledgement of the killings and disappearances of nearly one million suspected leftists in the anti-Communist pogroms of 1965. While the downfall of Indonesian strongman Suharto had opened up a larger space for democracy, the Indonesian state remains reticent in facing accusations of mass human rights violations that have taken place during his rule. Although many former dissidents and political detainees have come forward with their stories in an effort to “straighten history,” they continue to face harassment from right wing groups as well as the state’s intelligence apparatus. Nevertheless, with …

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Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang Dec 2024

Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang

Kritika Kultura

In the review of the Indian film The Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang shows that although food is central in human relations and social development in modern India, the transformation of food production and distribution systems at the micro level reveals, resists, and reinforces the conflicts between tradition and modernity. The food in the traditional Bombay lunch remain because of the lunchbox delivery system, but this comes at a cost. While in the very moment that it threatens traditions by, for instance, effacing the caste sources of the food, the lunchbox delivery system reifies the patriarchal relegation of women to the kitchen. …

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Timon Of Athens, Food Transformations, And The World As Confectionary, Simon C. Estok Dec 2024

Timon Of Athens, Food Transformations, And The World As Confectionary, Simon C. Estok

Kritika Kultura

In the transformation of early modern English food sources from the local to the international are a wide range of questions about the global-sourcing/local-demand conflict that was developing in Shakespeare’s time and continues today. Shakespeare’s food reveals the complexities of a network of global and local actors and transformations. As a performance, Timon of Athens potentially arouses sometimes intense visceral responses (ones that are peculiarly resonant with contemporary audiences) to Timon’s dream that the world is his confectionary. One of the results of performing the transformation of food from the local to the global (the play’s explicit representation of the …

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Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman Dec 2024

Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that there exists a problematic nexus between the industrial livestock industry, US food system policies, and American propagandist literature. The essay’s specific aim is to transform carnivorous appetites by subverting the integrity of America’s national gastronomic emblem – the hamburger. The article examines how hamburgers are unsustainable food system commodities that exacerbate state-sanctioned climate change, analyzes the underpinnings of ecophobic beef literature—specifically the graphic narrative—that serves as state propaganda, and shows how American comics can alternately promote sustainability nexuses by creating awareness of how food systems impact climate change.

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Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie Dec 2024

Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie

Kritika Kultura

Food is taking on a new character in the twenty-first century; it has transformed into a rich site that brings together discussions about race, species, subjectivities, environment, and so on. In the era of the Anthropocene, when human activities have exerted a decisive and unprecedented impact on the earth, the role that food plays deserves closer examination. This article examines genetically modified (GM) food in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake through close reading and looks at how GM food transforms into a global actant that influences nature and culture on a global scale. Investigating the transformation of GM food in …

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The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim Dec 2024

The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim

Kritika Kultura

Paolo Bacigalupi’s novel, The Windup Girl, illustrates Bangkok using genetic diseases and plagues. In this work, mass-produced, genetically modified food becomes both a diplomatic weapon and subsistence for survival. Western-based multinational agri-corporations transform food as industrial products, and Bacigalupi in turn illustrates the problems of genetic modification led by global capitalism and multinational corporations. However, his critique of genetic modification and food transformation relies on ethnic and gender stereotyping within an Orientalist frame. While he challenges the practices of corporate capitalism, his representation of Asian cultures and traditions is monolithic and consistently reproductive of Orientalist stereotypes. Also, the politics of …

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Dramatizing History: Reading Bakhtin's Carnival In Kee Thaun Chye's Plays, Erda Wati Bakar, Noraini Md Yusof, Ravichandran Vengadasamy Dec 2024

Dramatizing History: Reading Bakhtin's Carnival In Kee Thaun Chye's Plays, Erda Wati Bakar, Noraini Md Yusof, Ravichandran Vengadasamy

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores the representations of Bakhtin’s notion of the Carnival in two revisioned historical plays of Kee Thuan Chye. As a firm believer of freedom of expression, Kee Thuan Chye employs his plays as a medium to express his criticism towards and resistance against authority. His plays We Could **** You, Mr. Birch (1994) and Swordfish, then the Concubine (2009) form the corpus of this study. This study investigates how Bakhtin’s notion of the Carnival is represented in the plays which are reconstructions of history. Specifically, the constructs of the Carnival like the reversal of social hierarchy, grotesque realism, …

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Accented Spatial Representations In The Internal Exilic Eelam-Tamil Film Viduthalai Moochu, Ramesh Loganathan, Shanthini Pillai, Pramela Krish Dec 2024

Accented Spatial Representations In The Internal Exilic Eelam-Tamil Film Viduthalai Moochu, Ramesh Loganathan, Shanthini Pillai, Pramela Krish

Kritika Kultura

Studies have shown that accented filmmaking features and strategies are indeed appearing in wide-ranging films of contemporary cinemas. The main focus of this paper is to analyze Viduthalai Moochu, an internal exilic Eelam-Tamil film from Sri Lanka, using a concept derived from Hamid Naficy’s theorization of An Accented Cinema known as the “preoccupation with the place.” The concept is cinematically expressed through the open, closed, and third space- time cinematic formations. It needs to be noted here that Naficy’s theory offers a range of accented cinematic features that express accent in the film. However, the paper will only focus on …

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Literature For The Twenty-First Century: Developing Multimodality And Entrepreneurial Skills Through Literature-Based Assessments, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

Literature For The Twenty-First Century: Developing Multimodality And Entrepreneurial Skills Through Literature-Based Assessments, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Since the twentieth century, the teaching and learning of literature have primarily focused on developing language, communication, and to some extent, critical thinking skills. Literary texts are included in education curricula with the primary intention that they help students develop good listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. As a result, assessments in literary studies have also focused on testing language proficiency such as comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. This has led to the misconception that in the multimodal, digital twenty-first century environment, the study of literature has little to offer beyond language development. This article aims to demonstrate that in addition …

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Pursuing Imperfection, Forgiveness, And Repentance In Popular Twenty-First Century Malay Television Fiction, Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Raihanah M. M., Ruzy Suliza Hashim Dec 2024

Pursuing Imperfection, Forgiveness, And Repentance In Popular Twenty-First Century Malay Television Fiction, Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Raihanah M. M., Ruzy Suliza Hashim

Kritika Kultura

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, popular Malay television fiction has been thriving and gaining popularity. Through staggering online reruns, this sheer popularity broadens the expanse of multifaceted issues. This paper contextualizes popular TV fiction within a space of imperfection, focusing on audience responses to Julia, Adam & Hawa, and About Dhia. Using the lens of democratic habits of mind according to Mezirow: “respect for others, self-respect, willingness to accept responsibility for the common good, willingness to welcome diversity and to approach others with openness,” this paper reveals two of the many emerging themes, namely, forgiveness and repentance, which …

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The Shifting Frontiers Of Literary Studies In The Twenty-First Century, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

The Shifting Frontiers Of Literary Studies In The Twenty-First Century, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Traditionally seen as a discipline that was immersed in published narratives, with poetry, drama, short fiction, and novels as the sole determinant corpus, Literary Studies in the twenty-first century has progressed across the latitudes of narrativity, as the notion of text itself has pushed past established boundaries of words on a published page. The page in the contemporary context can be taken to mean the written text, the visual text, the moving text, and the hypertext, to name just a few. The articles in this Forum Kritika present a glimpse into the shifting frontiers in Literary Studies as it presents …

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Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin Dec 2024

Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin

Kritika Kultura

The use of multimodal texts as a teaching resource is believed to be one of the fundamental requirements in keeping abreast with the rapid evolvement of literacy. This practice is reflected in the teaching of literature at primary schools in Malaysia when graphic novels, an example of a multimodal text, are introduced as one of the contemporary literary texts. The unique combination of language and images to make meaning in new ways is considered to be one of the main attributes why graphic novels are relevant in promoting multimodality in literature learning. Although its benefits are extensively explored, little research …

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Ilang Eksplorasyon Sa Pag-Aaral Ng Kulturang Popular Sa Filipinas, Louie Jon A. Sánchez Dec 2024

Ilang Eksplorasyon Sa Pag-Aaral Ng Kulturang Popular Sa Filipinas, Louie Jon A. Sánchez

Kritika Kultura

Pacing Caroline Hau (2002), this essay explores the historical and intellectual specificities of Cultural Studies and the study of Popular Culture in the Philippines, and situates them in the author’s recent study of the cultural history of the teleserye, the Filipino TV soap opera. While the essay assumes that much of the key ideas and paradigms of Western Cultural Studies have been adopted in the country, the ethos of the local field may also be traced back to the works of patriots José Rizal and Isabelo delos Reyes. The projects of the two have been continued by intellectuals and scholars …

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Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza Dec 2024

Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

Movie and TV stars are an influential part of Philippine society. Not only do they entertain audiences with their television shows or movies, but their private lives and actions are arguably as interesting to the public. Celebrities and stars are admired, idolized, and looked up to by many of their followers, such that their values and actions can greatly influence their fans. However, their images may hold various meanings that are not evident to many people. This study analyzes a group of unconventional stars that changed the landscape of noontime viewing—the Sexbomb Girls—using a semiotic approach. It seeks to reveal …

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