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2023

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Development Of A College Readiness Screening Measure For Student Athlete Recruits, Allison Lombardi, Robyn Conley Downs, Andrew Downs, David Conley Dec 2023

Development Of A College Readiness Screening Measure For Student Athlete Recruits, Allison Lombardi, Robyn Conley Downs, Andrew Downs, David Conley

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The National Collegiate Athletic Association recommends student athlete recruits be screened for academic preparation using high school grade point average (GPA) and college admission exam scores under the assumption these indicators will sufficiently predict college academic performance. In this study, the Student Athlete Pre-Screening Questionnaire (SA- PSQ) was developed based on a pre-existing measure of college readiness designed for high school students. The SA-PSQ allows for reliable and valid assessment of college readiness knowledge and skills that are aligned with the expectations of college faculty. Results of a discriminant function analysis revealed an optimal combination of 16 items that predict …

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Challenges Of Being A Black Student Athlete On U.S. College Campuses, Wycliffe W. Njororai Simiyu Dec 2023

Challenges Of Being A Black Student Athlete On U.S. College Campuses, Wycliffe W. Njororai Simiyu

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The purpose of this Literature review article is to examine the social, cultural, individual and institutional racist factors that pose challenges to many African American college athletes, both men and women, to develop skills outside sports that are necessary to succeed in college and life. The passion for athletics by Black youth has to be positioned within the wider racist environment that one is exposed to while growing up. The dominant presence of Blacks in the high profile sports of football, basketball and track and field while having lower graduation rates compared to White athletes deserves scholarly interrogation. This article …

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A Dual Model Of Work-Family Conflict And Enrichment In Collegiate Coaches, Jarrod D. Schenewark, Marlene A. Dixon Dec 2023

A Dual Model Of Work-Family Conflict And Enrichment In Collegiate Coaches, Jarrod D. Schenewark, Marlene A. Dixon

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The sport culture may contribute to high levels of work-family conflict and to lower job and life satisfaction as well as higher job turnover. Work-family enrichment may contribute to greater levels of career and organizational commitment, as well as decreased turnover intent. The purpose of this study was to examine how work-family enrichment and work-family conflict simultaneously influence job and life outcomes for mothers and fathers who are coaches. Specifically, this study examined the unique contributions of work-family conflict and enrichment to life satisfaction, organizational commitment, and career commitment. The participants in the study (N = 282) were a random …

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Challenges For Supporting Student-Athlete Development: Perspectives From An Ncaa Division Ii Athletic Department, Calvin Nite Dec 2023

Challenges For Supporting Student-Athlete Development: Perspectives From An Ncaa Division Ii Athletic Department, Calvin Nite

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Limited research has been undertaken to understand the Division II level of college athletics and the challenges confronting universities and athletic departments operating at this level. Of particular importance, there is a paucity research examining the level of support that athletic departments and universities can offer their student-athletes for their overall growth and development. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine some of challenges for an NCAA Division II athletic department regarding its ability to support the overall growth and development of its student-athletes. To achieve this, I conducted a qualitative case study at a private Division II …

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Scoreboard, Baby: A Story Of College Football, Crime, And Complicity, (Reviewed By) Ellen J. Staurowsky Dec 2023

Scoreboard, Baby: A Story Of College Football, Crime, And Complicity, (Reviewed By) Ellen J. Staurowsky

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

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Bowled Over: Big-Time College Football From The Sixties To The Bcs Era, (Reviewed By) William Broussard Dec 2023

Bowled Over: Big-Time College Football From The Sixties To The Bcs Era, (Reviewed By) William Broussard

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

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University Selection Factors For Division Ii Softball Student-Athletes, Tracy L. Jordan, Jordan I. Kobritz Dec 2023

University Selection Factors For Division Ii Softball Student-Athletes, Tracy L. Jordan, Jordan I. Kobritz

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The purpose of this study was to determine which factors most influence the selection of an institution for student-athletes competing on National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II softball teams. Sixty-nine student-athletes from an NCAA Division II Conference in the southwest participated in this study. The Strength of University Selection Factors survey, made up of 24 items, was used to investigate six university selection factors: (a) family and friends, (b) location of the institution, (c) academic characteristics, (d) softball program, (e) financial aid, and (f) coaching staff. The frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were determined for each survey item. The …

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Big-Time Sports In American Universities, (Reviewed By) Stephen W. Dittmore Dec 2023

Big-Time Sports In American Universities, (Reviewed By) Stephen W. Dittmore

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of An Institution’S Athletic Success On The Future Freshmen Application Pool At Ncaa Division Ii Universities, Joshua Castle, Robert Kostelnik Dec 2023

The Effects Of An Institution’S Athletic Success On The Future Freshmen Application Pool At Ncaa Division Ii Universities, Joshua Castle, Robert Kostelnik

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

This exploratory study investigated the relationship of intercollegiate athletic success to the quantity of the freshmen application pool and the quality of first time enrolled freshmen at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II institutions. Aggregate data from the fourteen member institutions of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) and the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) served as the subjects for this study. All the institutions included in this study are members of the NCAA and classified as Division II universities. A correlation model was used to analyze the relationships between athletic success and the quantity of the …

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Faculty Satisfaction With Intercollegiate Athletics, Molly Ott Dec 2023

Faculty Satisfaction With Intercollegiate Athletics, Molly Ott

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

This analysis examines faculty satisfaction with academic, financial, and governance aspects of intercollegiate athletics on their campuses and how views might vary according to individual attributes as well as athletics program and general campus characteristics. The data are drawn from a multi-campus study of Football Bowl Subdivision faculty sponsored by the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics (n=2,071). Descriptive results indicated that the highest levels of satisfaction were observed for aspects of academics. Multivariate results suggested that individual characteristics accounted for more of the variance in faculty views than did campus and athletics program characteristics. Especially noteworthy were the consistent positive …

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Ncaa Division I Men’S Basketball Coaching Contracts: A Comparative Analysis Of Incentives For Athletic And Academic Team Performance, Matthew J. Wilson, Matthew Schrager, Kevin L. Burke, Billy J. Hawkins, Lane Gauntt Dec 2023

Ncaa Division I Men’S Basketball Coaching Contracts: A Comparative Analysis Of Incentives For Athletic And Academic Team Performance, Matthew J. Wilson, Matthew Schrager, Kevin L. Burke, Billy J. Hawkins, Lane Gauntt

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The purpose of the present study was to compare the athletic team performance incentive clauses to the academic team performance clauses of Division I men’s head basketball coaches participating in the 2009 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament. Content analyses were conducted on the 65 coaches’ compensation packages listed in the 2010 USA Today Coaches’ Compensation database. Results indicated these coaches had five times as much incentivized compensation opportunities for athletic team success compared to incentivized compensation opportunities for academic team success. Additional results indicated 93.5% of the contracts included some sort of athletic team performance incentive, while only 67.4% …

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Third Time’S A Charm: The Case Of Tennessee’S Four Junior Football Players Who Endured Three Different Head Coaches In Three Seasons, Joshua R. Pate, Sarah. E. Stokowski, Robin Hardin Dec 2023

Third Time’S A Charm: The Case Of Tennessee’S Four Junior Football Players Who Endured Three Different Head Coaches In Three Seasons, Joshua R. Pate, Sarah. E. Stokowski, Robin Hardin

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

For college student-athletes enduring multiple head coaching changes during their careers, challenges include changes in the level of competition, lifestyle pressures, identity issues, loss of support system, and changes in training environment. Student-athletes are required to build relationships with a new head coach while facing issues with loneliness, frustration, discouragement, self-doubt, and feelings of decreased self-worth. This unique case study examined the transitions of junior student-athletes at the University of Tennessee who played for three different head coaches. Themes that were constructed from challenges the student-athletes faced were: Trust, Individual and Team Strength, and Future. A tremendous amount of effort …

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Leadership And Facilitating An Intercollegiate Athletic Department Merger, Lisa A. Kihl, Vicki Schull Dec 2023

Leadership And Facilitating An Intercollegiate Athletic Department Merger, Lisa A. Kihl, Vicki Schull

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Leadership is an important aspect in facilitating an organizational merger. Research indicates that each merger presents a different objective and thus a variety of challenges that require different forms of leadership. Further, the merger type and merger stage influences leadership required to facilitate the merger process. This study examined merger challenges and leadership employed to assist an intercollegiate athletic department merger. Using a single qualitative case study design (i.e., interviews with 57 stakeholders and documents), the findings showed transition leadership challenges included an absence of leadership and stakeholder uncertainty, and the central integration leadership challenge was strategic planning. Transition leadership …

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Social Media And The College Football Audience, Galen Clavio Dec 2023

Social Media And The College Football Audience, Galen Clavio

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Despite the recent growth of social media as a communication and marketing tool, very little research has been conducted on college athletics audiences and their usage of online tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Data from a survey conducted on an FBS school's football fans were statistically analyzed, with demographic and other data utilized in examination of traditional and online media usage. The study discovered significant differences in traditional and social media use in relation to demographic factors such as age, income, and alumni status. Media such as Twitter and podcasts tended to be generally unpopular among fans, while …

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From Rhetoric To Reality: Ncaa Division I Athletic Department Mission Statements And Student-Athlete Community Service Efforts, Emily J. Andrassy, Jennifer E. Bruening Dec 2023

From Rhetoric To Reality: Ncaa Division I Athletic Department Mission Statements And Student-Athlete Community Service Efforts, Emily J. Andrassy, Jennifer E. Bruening

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

With the growing emphasis in higher education on developing character and social responsibility, the NCAA CHAMPS/Life Skills program commitment to service is of interest as it encourages the development of well-rounded student athletes. In framing the current study, the researchers focused on how the communication of an athletic department’s mission impacts the community service activities for athletes. Mission statements are used to communicate the central purposes of organizations (Bart, 1996) to various internal and external audiences. Through website content analysis, this investigation reveals the importance placed upon service across athletic departments through the mission, and determines the effect of such …

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Playing Video Games As A Supplement To Identity: Insights On Former College Athlete Transitions, Matthew T. Bowers Dec 2023

Playing Video Games As A Supplement To Identity: Insights On Former College Athlete Transitions, Matthew T. Bowers

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Traditionally, researchers of sport and physical activity have considered playing video game to be an obstacle toward optimal health and social outcomes for youth. This study, however, posits video game play not as antithetical to health and physical activity, but as a meaningful forum utilized by former intercollegiate athletes to maintain salient aspects of their sport identities. Through a grounded theory analysis of a sample of 13 former intercollegiate athletes, this study takes initial steps toward a nuanced understanding of the manner in which video games can assist intercollegiate athletes who are transitioning out of elite athletic competition. The findings …

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Attributions For Success And Failure In Athletic Administration Positions, Angela C. Henderson, Heidi Grappendorf, Laura Burton Dec 2023

Attributions For Success And Failure In Athletic Administration Positions, Angela C. Henderson, Heidi Grappendorf, Laura Burton

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The under-representation of women in senior level athletic administration positions continues to attract the attention of scholars in sports studies. The most glaring lack of female representation occurs at the athletic director (A.D.) position, with women holding only 8.4% of those positions at the Division I level. Using the concept of causal attribution and role congruity theory, this project examined perceptions of success and failure of male and female candidates for either an athletic director or life skills director position. One hundred eleven female and 73 male (n = 191) administrators in athletics at the collegiate level participated. Contrary to …

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The Football Factor: Shaping Community On Campus, Stacy Warner, Stephen L. Shapiro, Marlene A. Dixon, Lynn L. Ridinger, Scott B. Harrison Dec 2023

The Football Factor: Shaping Community On Campus, Stacy Warner, Stephen L. Shapiro, Marlene A. Dixon, Lynn L. Ridinger, Scott B. Harrison

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Many American universities continue to invest in expensive intercollegiate football programs, and specifically cite the sport’s ability to foster a sense of community (SOC) as justification for the cost. This study sought to assess the importance of SOC and the influence of football on the cultivation thereof. A pre-post test design utilizing an online survey compared SOC levels for students (N = 886) before and after the implementation of Division I football on a large university campus. No significant differences were found in SOC levels before and after the football season (regardless of attendance). Post-test SOC perceptions differed based on …

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Student-Athlete Wellbeing And Higher Education Persistence, Sibongile D. Kamusoko, Cynthia Lee A. Pemberton Dec 2023

Student-Athlete Wellbeing And Higher Education Persistence, Sibongile D. Kamusoko, Cynthia Lee A. Pemberton

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

This study investigated student-athlete perceptions of wellbeing, delimited to satisfaction regarding Athletic Departmental Policies and Practices, Educational Characteristics, Institutional Facilities and Services, and intent to academically persist. The participants were 99 freshmen and sophomore student-athletes who were enrolled in their second or fourth semesters at an NCAA Division I school in the intermountain West. The response rate was 92.5%. The broader study employed mixed methods, which combined quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) data queries. This paper reports findings specific to the quantitative inquiry. Findings revealed that (a) the freshmen and sophomore student-athletes surveyed were generally satisfied with the wellbeing-associated components …

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Internal Marketing Perceptions In Intercollegiate Athletics And Their Influence On Organizational Commitment, J. Michael Martinez, Jeffrey L. Stinson, Colby B. Jubenville Dec 2023

Internal Marketing Perceptions In Intercollegiate Athletics And Their Influence On Organizational Commitment, J. Michael Martinez, Jeffrey L. Stinson, Colby B. Jubenville

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

While scholars have previously focused on the external impact of marketing efforts in college athletics (e.g., Gladden, Irwin, & Sutton, 2001), little research has been done on the internal marketing orientation of collegiate sport properties and its respective impact on college sport. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of internal marketing in college athletics and to examine if those perceptions have an effect on the level of organizational commitment among departmental employees. Survey methodology collected information from 248 athletic department administrators at NCAA FBS and FCS institutions. Results indicate that internal marketing orientation strongly influenced affective …

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A Comparison Of Optimism Levels And Life Stress Levels Among Ncaa Division I Athletes And Non Athletes, Eleanor Shearman, Daniel R. Czech, Trey Burdette, Tyler Mcdaniel, Barry Joyner, Drew Zwald Dec 2023

A Comparison Of Optimism Levels And Life Stress Levels Among Ncaa Division I Athletes And Non Athletes, Eleanor Shearman, Daniel R. Czech, Trey Burdette, Tyler Mcdaniel, Barry Joyner, Drew Zwald

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Researchers suggest that optimistic individuals approach life situations with the belief that outcomes will be favorable, and are more likely to exhibit better coping mechanisms when dealing with adversity and stress (Carver, & Scheier, 1987; Karadeaus, Karvelis, Argyropoulou, 2007). Moreover, the cognitive adaptation theory suggests that optimistic individuals are more likely to make appropriate cognitive adaptations to stressful situations (Lightsey, 1994; Alloy & Clements, 1992). Results concerning collegiate athletic status, gender, optimism, and stress are mixed. The purpose of this study was to compare collegiate athletes and non athletes and gender on optimism and life stress. The present study utilized …

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Ethics Matter: Ethical Orientations And Disparate Racial Outcomes In Elite Collegiate Athletic Programs, Todd Crosset, Kevin Filo, Joseph Berger Dec 2023

Ethics Matter: Ethical Orientations And Disparate Racial Outcomes In Elite Collegiate Athletic Programs, Todd Crosset, Kevin Filo, Joseph Berger

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

One issue facing the NCAA is the racial disparity in academic persistence (graduation rates). Previous research suggests that student perceptions of institutional fairness have an impact on academic persistence. Further, racial and cultural differences in the socialization processes of moral development influence perceptions of institutional fairness. Students who feel they are treated fairly are more likely to remain at an institution. Using both managerial responses to an initial positive drug test as a proxy for institutional ethical orientation and NCAA graduation success rate data for 87 Universities across three years, we examine the association between management practices and racial disparities …

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The Relationship Of Residence To Academic Performance In Ncaa Division I Freshman Athletes, Eric M. Snyder, John M. Kras, Eadric Bressel, Edward M. Reeve, Virginia Dilworth Dec 2023

The Relationship Of Residence To Academic Performance In Ncaa Division I Freshman Athletes, Eric M. Snyder, John M. Kras, Eadric Bressel, Edward M. Reeve, Virginia Dilworth

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Numerous studies have been completed examining academic ability of student athletes. Since the mid 1980s, the NCAA has emphasized the importance of academics and mandated more stringent requirements for participation in intercollegiate athletics. These initial-eligibility standards have been successful in increasing overall graduation rates of student-athletes, but a number of concerns remain. The purpose of this study was to determine if a NCAA Division-I freshman student athlete’s place of residence on campus, as opposed to off campus, during his/her freshman year had a statistically significant relationship to academic performance. The participants of this study (N = 205) were surveyed individually …

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The Role Of Policy, Rituals And Language In Shaping An Academically Focused Culture In Hbcu Athletics, Ralph Charlton Dec 2023

The Role Of Policy, Rituals And Language In Shaping An Academically Focused Culture In Hbcu Athletics, Ralph Charlton

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Increasing the graduation rates of student athletes is one of the more visible NCAA academic goals. Overall student-athlete graduation rates have improved significantly among many institutional members. However, Historically Black College and University (HBCU) student-athlete graduation rates lag considerably behind. Although the NCAA asserts that a causal relationship exists between lack of economic resources and lower student-athlete graduation rate for HBCUs, the presence of additional impacting factors are also admitted as not all HBCUs are struggling in graduating their athletes. Seeking an additional explanation for graduation rates, this case study examined key components of organizational culture in the form of …

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Sport Labor Migration And Collegiate Sport In The United States: A Typology Of Migrant Athletes, Adam Love, Seungmo Kim Dec 2023

Sport Labor Migration And Collegiate Sport In The United States: A Typology Of Migrant Athletes, Adam Love, Seungmo Kim

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The global migration of athletes has been increasing in a variety of sporting contexts around the globe. Notably, the past decade has seen a nearly threefold increase in the number of international athletes coming to the United States for the purposes of participating in collegiate sport. In accordance with such growing internationalization, a body of research in the area of sport labor migration has developed. The purposes of the current study were to improve our understanding of the forces that lead athletes to the U.S. in order to participate in collegiate sport and to explicitly connect research on international collegiate …

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Watch The Gap: Explaining Retention Gaps Between Fbs Football Players And The General Student Body, Allen L. Sack, Eun A. Park, Robert Thiel Dec 2023

Watch The Gap: Explaining Retention Gaps Between Fbs Football Players And The General Student Body, Allen L. Sack, Eun A. Park, Robert Thiel

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Policy makers at the federal and state levels use retention rates as one of several measures of performance for higher education institutions. Although student retention has been an area of intensive study by higher education researchers, very few studies have focused on the retention rates of big-time college athletes. The major purpose of this study was twofold. First, Federal Graduation Rate data were used to measure the retention rate gaps between football players and other students in Football Bowl Subdivision institutions. Second, a number of hypotheses were tested in an effort to explain why some FBC institutions have bigger gaps …

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Investigating Ncaa Administrator Values In Ncaa Division I Athletic Departments, Coyte Cooper, Erianne Weight Dec 2023

Investigating Ncaa Administrator Values In Ncaa Division I Athletic Departments, Coyte Cooper, Erianne Weight

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The presence of the arms race in intercollegiate athletics has led to extensive spending on major, revenue-producing sports (Knight Commission, 2004, 2010). Despite revealing that only a handful of programs produce profits (NCAA, 2009), administrators continue to embrace a commercial model that has coincided with the elimination of nonrevenue, Olympic sports in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments. The purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of the revenue and nonrevenue program elements that are most highly valued by NCAA Division I athletic administrators (N = 248) to understand athletic department administrative theory and to facilitate an …

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An Analysis Of Collegiate Athletic Marketing Strategies And Evaluation Processes, Christina L. L. Martin, Laura L. Miller, Rawia Elsisi, Ashley Bowers, Stacey Hall Dec 2023

An Analysis Of Collegiate Athletic Marketing Strategies And Evaluation Processes, Christina L. L. Martin, Laura L. Miller, Rawia Elsisi, Ashley Bowers, Stacey Hall

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The primary purpose of this study was to examine Division I-A collegiate athletic marketing directors’ current sport marketing strategies; the secondary purpose of this study was to determine if there is an evaluation component of such marketing strategies, and to assess if a need exists for research specialists to assist in the athletic marketing evaluation processes. Surveys were mailed to 329 Division I-A athletic marketing directors and 136 were returned for a 41.3% response rate. Half-time promotions, brochures, local business sponsors, radio advertisements, game giveaways, newspaper advertisements, and internet advertisements were used 90% or more of those surveyed. Of those …

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Congressional Hearings And The Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision) Postseason Arrangement: A Content Analysis On Letters, Testimonies, And Symposiums, Chad Seifried, Todd Smith Dec 2023

Congressional Hearings And The Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision) Postseason Arrangement: A Content Analysis On Letters, Testimonies, And Symposiums, Chad Seifried, Todd Smith

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The purpose of this investigation aimed to examine public information presented at U.S. Congressional Hearings regarding the legitimacy of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) arrangement from important stakeholders related to the Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision). This work centered on using actual transcripts, letters, and testimonies published by the: a) Senate Committee on the Judiciary (2003); b) Judiciary Subcommittee on Anti-trust, Competition Policy, and Consumer Rights (2005); c) House Committee on Ways and Means (2006); and the d) Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection (2009). A content analysis identified several themes which juxtaposed BCS-charter members and …

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Academic Clustering: A Longitudinal Analysis Of A Division I Football Program, Jeffrey J. Fountain, Peter S. Finley Dec 2023

Academic Clustering: A Longitudinal Analysis Of A Division I Football Program, Jeffrey J. Fountain, Peter S. Finley

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

As NCAA Division I coaches feel greater pressure to produce winning teams while ensuring that athletes remain eligible and progress toward degrees to avoid sanctions under the NCAA’s academic reform initiatives, concerns regarding the clustering of athletes into limited numbers of academic majors has increased. Academic clustering occurs when 25% or more of the members of one team share a single academic major (Case, Greer, & Brown, 1987). Recent studies have extended the analysis of clustering to include the disparate impact on white and minority football players in a single athletic conference (Fountain & Finley, 2009), as well as consideration …

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