Digital Commons Network^™

Fungal Assisted Valorisation Of Polymeric Lignin: Mechanism, Enzymes And Perspectives, Kavya Dashora, Meghana Gattupalli, Gyan Datta Tripathi, Zoya Javed, Shweta Singh, Maria Tuohy, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Deepti Diwan, Harikesh B. Singh, Vijai Kumar Gupta

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

A Case Of Concurrence Of Clonorchis Sinensis And Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma- A Diagnostic Dilemma, Syed Mohammad Mazhar Uddin, Omair Ali Khan, Wai Ming Tang, Avleen Kaur, Lina Alhanshali, Arafat Ali Farooqui, Sanjay Maheshwari, Akhil Mehta, Daria Yunina, Maryia Astashkevich

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Clonorchis Sinensis, a common liver fluke, is known to cause biliary disease and can present with a wide array of symptoms. It’s mostly found in Asian countries due to consumption of undercooked or raw fish. Although Cholangiocarcinoma is a known serious complication of this disease, Pancreatic neoplasms are rare and have seldom been reported. Here, we report a case of an 80-year-old man who presents with pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with Clonorchis Sinensis infection

Light Chain Myeloma Precipitating Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, Bilal Saeed, Samah Abu Omar, Robert Jones, Christopher James Haas

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin production leading to widespread skeletal destruction and renal dysfunction. Light chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) affects 15% of individuals with MM and has an overall poor prognosis. Cutaneous manifestations are uncommon and it is rarely complicated by Type I Cryoglobulinemia (CG). Here we present an atypical case of κ-predominant LCMM complicated by Type I CG in an 80-year-old man who presented with a progressive non-blanching necrotic rash and ulcers involving his face, distal extremities, and oropharynx of two months duration prior to his admission at our facility. On admission to our facility, workup …

Enlisting School Faculty To Help Identify Childhood Sexual Abuse In Elementary Students And Prevent Personality Disorders In Adolescents, Mckell Lindsay

Student Works

One out of 10 children are abused before the age of 18 (Darkness to Light, 2015). They are often abused by parents or family members, demonstrating that elementary school faculty should be enlisted to help recognize and report childhood sexual abuse (Alvarez et al., 2004; United States Government Accountability Office, 2014). Trainings should be provided to educators on how to best help children in this situation (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003). Once teachers report abuse, children can receive the help they need through CBT, TF-CBT, art therapy, and group therapy (Devlin et al., 2019; Kim et al., …

Investigation Of The Effect Of Senescence On Daily Activity Patterns In Male Octopus Insularis, Mariam Steinblatt

Theses and Dissertations

Senescent male octopuses often show comparatively increased activity. We observed daily activity for an adult male Octopus insularis. The subject's diurnal behavior was marked movement or stationary to observe differences. Movement increased over 26 days, but the difference was non-significant. The observation period was likely short, and the subject already senescent.

On Correlation Between Canopy Vegetation And Growth Indexes Of Maize Varieties With Different Nitrogen Efficiencies, Xia Zhao, Shuaili Wang, Tao Wen, Jiamin Xu, Bao Huang, Shufeng Yan, Gangqiang Gao, Yali Zhao, Hongping Li, Jiangfang Qiao, Jinliang Yang, Lianhai Wu, Hongwei Wang, Tianxue Liu, Xinyuan Mu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Studying the canopy spectral reflection characteristics of different N-efficient maize varieties and analyzing the relationship between their growth indicators and spectral vegetation indices can help the breeding and application of N-efficient maize varieties. To achieve the optimal management of N fertilizer resources, developing N-efficient maize varieties is necessary. In this research, maize varieties, i.e., the low-N-efficient (Zhengdan 958, ZD958), the high-N efficient (Xianyu 335, XY335), the double-high varieties (Qiule 368, QL368), and the double inefficient-type varieties (Yudan 606 YD606), were used as materials. Results indicate that nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the vegetation indices NDVI, GNDVI, GOSAVI, and RVI of maize …

An Automated Lion-Butterfly Optimization (Lbo) Based Stacking Ensemble Learning Classification (Selc) Model For Lung Cancer Detection, N Ashokkumar, S Swapna Rani, V Suganya, S Selvi, S Prema

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Lung cancer is one of the most serious and prevalent cancers in the globe. Early detection of lung cancer can increase a patient's chances of life. Computed Tomography (CT) scan images are difficult for cliniciansto utilize in order to determine the stages of cancer. Computer-aided systems can assist researchers in more precisely predicting the stages of lung cancer in recent times. This study demonstrates the use of technologythat is made possible by machine learning and image processing to accurately classify and predict the lung cancer from CT images. The existing tumor detection frameworks have the major difficulties in terms of …

Numerical Approach For Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differentialequations, Fatima K. Dawood, Rokan Khaji

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

In this paper, we consider a new class of fuzzy functions called Fuzzy Integro- Differential Equations.Some numerical methods, such as Euler, have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extendthese numerical techniques to find the optimal solutions by using control parameters, the extended difference Eulertechnique is used for this. Based on the parametric form of the fuzzy number, the Integro- Differential Equation isdivided into two systems of the second kind. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision andgood performance of the new class. Graphical representations reveal the symmetry between lower and upper-cutrepresent of fuzzy solutions …

Extensive Review Of State-Of-The-Art Classification Techniques For Cuneiform Symbolimaging: Open Issues And Challenges, Belal Al Khateeb, Farah Maath, Maha Mahmood

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

The cuneiform script reveals some previously unknown aspects of our past. However, reading ancientclay tablets demands a substantial investment of time and persistent practice over a long period of time. As the fourth millennium came to a close,earlier recording methods gave way to the development of writing–the visualrepresentation of spoken language. The first language to be transcribed in written form in Mesopotamiawas Sumerian. Predominantly,the earliest tablets originate from the Uruksitein southern Mesopotamia, possibly marking its birthplace. Digitizationcuneiform documents is imperativeto boost research focused on the ancient Middle East.A few initiatives embarked upon this endeavoraround the year 2000. Nonetheless, the digitizationprocess …

An Xps Study Of The Ag-S Interface Of L-Cysteine Films On Silver Surface, G. D. K. V. Maduwantha, Chathudina Janitha Liyanage, Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

L-cysteine has gained much attention as a versatile amino acid to create bioactive surfaces by assisting the bonding of proteins to metal surfaces. When L-cysteine interacts with metallic partners such as gold, silver and copper, the SH functional group is known to interact strongly with the metallic surface. The interaction of the L-cysteine with silver surfaces is particularly interesting because, L-cysteine adsorption on silver has been suggested to be stronger than on gold or copper surfaces and the interactions may strongly influence the formation of novel interface states of the L-cysteine-Ag interface. On the other hand, some studies report a …

Visible Light-Assisted Degradation Of Malachite Green Dye Using Waste Tea-Mediated Zinc Nanoparticles, Rehana Baiju Mampilly, Amanullakhan Pathan, C. P. Bhasin

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

This work presents entirely a new, green, and non-expensive route of synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (NPs) using waste tea. The crystalline nature of waste tea-mediated Zn NPs (WT-ZnO NPs) was confirmed by XRD and SAED analyses. Further characterizations of WT-ZnO NPs were done using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM- EDX, and TEM. The size of synthesized NPs was calculated to be 15.1 nm which presented spherical morphology with some sorts of agglomeration. The WT-ZnO NPs when applied as visible light-driven photo catalyst for degradation of Malachite green dye. Adsorptions of Malachite green (MG) dye follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was found …

Impact Of Molarity On The Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties Of Ceo2 Thin Films Prepared By Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Hamed A. Gatea, F. K. Hachim

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

CeO2 thin films are deposited on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) at 623 K using different molar concentration of cerium chloride precursor solution. The structural, morphological and optical properties of films were investigated by a set of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),UV-VIS-IR. The estimation of crystallite size is 80-120 nm, which is confirmed by Scherer formulae from XRD pattern. XRD analysis shows that the film has cubic fluorite phase with orientation along (111) for all molarity. The optical energy gap decreased with the increase of crystallite size (98-120 nm) due to the …

Concentrations And Estimation Of The Annual Effective Doses Of Natural Radioactivity Uptake Through Ingestion Of Virgin And Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Eman Ahmed Albdady, Mahmoud El Ghazaly, Saad Abd El Aaal, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Nasef Mansour, Mona Elsayed Frarrag

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

This study assesses the natural radioactive concentrations in virgin olive oil in Egypt. The presence and concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in 26 olive oil samples collected from different locations in Saini were conducted using two techniques: gamma spectroscopy using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Because of their very low concentrations, the radioactivity of NORM was below the detection limits of the HPGe detector for the time of measurement, On the other hand ICP-MS results showed the concentrations of natural radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium in some examined samples. …

Study Of The Optical Properties Of Zno Nano-Structure At Different Ti Content, E. A. Badawi, H. Ibrahim, M. R. Ebied, M. Abdel-Rahman, H. Khallaf, M. A. Abdel Rahman

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and TZO samples having different Ti content were synthesized from doping to composite by Citrate sol-gel method (dissolving and react with citric acid) characterized according to their optical properties. The UV - vis characterization exhibiting good optical properties. The results show there are one absorption edge at pure and low Ti doping but at higher Ti% another edge appeared and slightly shifted around 400 nm. The maximum absorption nearly at 350 nm, and the band gap energy of Ti-doped ZnO increase from 3.16 to 3.20 eV achieving a blue-shift. A red shift from 3.07 to 3.19 eV …

Effective And Feasible Photocatalytic Degradation Of Janus Green B Dye In Aqueous Media Using Pbs/Ctab Nanocomposites, Amanullakhan Pathan, Chetan G. Prajapati, Riddhi P. Dave, C. P. Bhasin

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

In this Chapter, we demonstrated the synthesis of Lead sulphide by using low-cost chemical displacement method. We used thioacetamide for the source of sulphide ion and for the source metal salt; lead nitrate was used. The structural, morphological, metal percentage and optical properties of as synthesized nanoparticles are investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Uv-Visible spectra; Field emission gun Scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) with EDS, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL).The average particle size of the nanoparticles from the x-ray diffraction is about 20 nm and also field emission gun Scanning electron …

Electrical And Optical Properties Of Flexible Transparent Silver Nanowires Electrodes, Rabeea D. Abdel-Rahim, Adham M. Nagiub, Mahmoud A. Taher

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

AgNWs were produced by the one-pot polyol method, and it had been produced by reduction of AgNO3 by ethylene glycol in presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and KCl at high temperature of about 160 oC. AgNWs suspension were purified by centrifuging at 3000 rpm for three times then re-depressed in deionized water with a concentration of 1%. The purified suspension was diluted to different concentrations (2-5) mg. mL-1 using 1% of hydroxy methylcellulose to design different AgNWs transparent conductive films (AgNWs-TCFs). AgNWs suspension inks were coated on the glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Different AgNWs diameters were obtained by changing …

Evaluation Of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms With Sensor Data Assimilation In Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration And Crop Water Stress Index For Irrigation Water Management, Abia Katimbo, Daran Rudnick, Jingwen Zhang, Yufeng Ge, Kendall C. Dejonge, Trenton E. Franz, Yeyin Shi, Wei‑Zhen Liang, Xin Qiao, Derek M. Heeren, Isa Kabenge, Hope Njuki Nakabuye, Jiaming Duan

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Irrigation water management using automated irrigation decision support system (IDSS) as a smart irrigation scheduling tool can improve water use efficiency and crop production, especially under circumstances of limited water supply. The current study evaluated the performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and their ensembles in forecasting Crop Evapotranspiration (ET_c) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) against calculated single crop coefficient FAO56 ET_c and Jackson’s theoretical CWSI, respectively. Soil moisture, canopy temperatures (T_c) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were all measured from irrigated and non-irrigated maize plots in West Central Nebraska during 2020 …

Rethinking Food Regime As Gender Regime: Agrarian Change And The Politics Of Social Reproduction, Diana Mincyte

Publications and Research

This paper presents a synthetic reading of the food regime and gender regime concepts to consider current trends in deagrarianization. Its underlying goal is to articulate a research agenda for studying the food regime through the lens of gender and labor relations. Combining insights from feminist scholarship and early debates on family farming in agrarian studies, it underscores the role of social reproduction in shaping agro-food systems. Focusing on relations in production it reconsiders family, kinship and strong ties as a form of social organization in capitalist production, emphasizes the significance of ideology on the household level, and underscores the …

Use Of Serial Smartphone-Based Assessments To Characterize Diverse Neuropsychiatric Symptom Trajectories In A Large Trauma Survivor Cohort, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Archana Basu, Yinyao Ji, Mochuan Liu, Ronald C. Kessler, Robert F. Doughtery, Donglin Zeng, Kenneth A. Bollen, Stacey L. House, Jennifer S. Stevens, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Tanja Jovanovic, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Scott L. Rauch, John P. Haran, Alan B. Storrow, Christopher A. Lewandowski, Paul I. Musey, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Michael C. Kurz, Robert A. Swor, Vishnu P. Murty, Meghan E. Mcgrath, Lauren A. Hudak, Jose L. Pascual, Elizabeth M. Datner, Anna M. Chang, Claire Pearson, David A. Peak, Roland C. Merchant, Robert M. Domeier, Niels K. Rathlev, Brian J. O'Neil, Paulina Sergot, Leon D. Sanchez, Steven E. Bruce, Justin T. Baker, Jutta Joormann, Mark W. Miller, Robert H. Pietrzak, Deanna M. Barch, Diego A. Pizzagalli, John F. Sheridan, Jordan W. Smoller, Steven E. Harte, James M. Elliott, Karestan C. Koenen, Kerry J. Ressler, Samuel A. Mclean

Emergency Medicine Articles

The authors sought to characterize adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) symptom trajectories across ten symptom domains (pain, depression, sleep, nightmares, avoidance, re-experiencing, anxiety, hyperarousal, somatic, and mental/fatigue symptoms) in a large, diverse, understudied sample of motor vehicle collision (MVC) survivors. More than two thousand MVC survivors were enrolled in the emergency department (ED) and completed a rotating battery of brief smartphone-based surveys over a 2-month period. Measurement models developed from survey item responses were used in latent growth curve/mixture modeling to characterize homogeneous symptom trajectories. Associations between individual trajectories and pre-trauma and peritraumatic characteristics and traditional outcomes were compared, along …

Microplastics And Tire Wear Particles In South Carolina Coastal Waters: Sources, Pathways, And Toxicity, John E. Weinstein

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Larsen Lab: A Center For Nanotherapeutic Strategies In The Central Nervous System (Cns2), Jessica M. Larsen

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Mst1-Mediated Phosphorylation Of Nur77 Improves The Endometrial Receptivity In Human And Mice, Xinyu Cai, Yue Jiang, Zhiwen Cao, Mei Zhang, Na Kong, Lina Yu, Yedong Tang, Shuangbo Kong, Wenbo Deng, Haibin Wang, Jianxin Sun, Lijun Ding, Ruiwei Jiang, Haixiang Sun, Guijun Yan

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Successful embryo implantation requires the attachment of a blastocyst to the receptive endometrial epithelium, which was disturbed in the women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Endometrial β3-integrin was the most important adhesion molecule contributing to endometrial receptivity in both humans and mice. Nur77 has been proven indispensable for fertility in mice, here we explore the role of Nur77 on embryo-epithelial adhesion and potential treatment to embryo implantation failure.

Methods: The expression and location of Mst1 and Nur77 in endometrium from fertile women and RIF patients were examined by IHC, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In vitro kinase assay following with …

Graph Theoretical Measures Of Fast Ripple Networks Improve The Accuracy Of Post-Operative Seizure Outcome Prediction, Shennan A Weiss, Itzhak Fried, Chengyuan Wu, Ashwini Sharan, Daniel Y. Rubinstein, Jerome Engel, Michael R Sperling, Richard J Staba

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Fast ripples (FR) are a biomarker of epileptogenic brain, but when larger portions of FR generating regions are resected seizure freedom is not always achieved. To evaluate and improve the diagnostic accuracy of FR resection for predicting seizure freedom we compared the FR resection ratio (RR) with FR network graph theoretical measures. In 23 patients FR were semi-automatically detected and quantified in stereo EEG recordings during sleep. MRI normalization and co-registration localized contacts and relation to resection margins. The number of FR, and graph theoretical measures, which were spatial (i.e., FR rate-distance radius) or temporal correlational (i.e., FR mutual information), …

Divergent Directionality Of Immune Cell-Specific Protein Expression Between Bipolar Lithium Responders And Non-Responders Revealed By Enhanced Flow Cytometry, Keming Gao, Nicholas M. Kaye, Marzieh Ayati, Mehmet Koyuturk, Joseph R. Calabrese, Eric Christian, Hillard M. Lazarus, David Kaplan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: There is no biomarker to predict lithium response. This study used CellPrint™ enhanced flow cytometry to study 28 proteins representing a spectrum of cellular pathways in monocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes before and after lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Materials and Methods: Symptomatic patients with BD type I or II received lithium (serum level ≥ 0.6 mEq/L) for 16 weeks. Patients were assessed with standard rating scales and divided into two groups, responders (≥50% improvement from baseline) and non-responders. Twenty-eight intracellular proteins in CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes were analyzed with CellPrint™, an enhanced flow …

An Overview Of Content-Basedimage Retrieval Methods And Techniques, M H. Hadid, Qasim Mohammed Hussein, Z T. Al-Qaysi, M A. Ahmed, Mahmood M. Salih

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

With the development of Internet technology and the popularity of digital devices, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has been quickly developed and applied in various fields related to computer vision and artificial intelligence. Currently, it is possible to retrieve related images effectively and efficiently from a large-scale database with an input image. In the past ten years, great efforts have been made for new theories and models of CBIR, and many effective CBIR algorithms have been established.Content-based image retrieval helps to discover identical images in a big dataset that match a query image. The query image's representative feature similarities to the …

Benchmarking Outcomes For Molecularly Characterized Synchronous Oligo Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Egfr Mutations To Be Associated With Longer Overall Survival, Brian De, Ahsan S Farooqi, Kyle G Mitchell, Ethan B Ludmir, Jeff Lewis, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Vadeerat Rinsurongkawong, J Jack Lee, Stephen G Swisher, Don L Gibbons, Jianjun Zhang, Xiuning Le, Yasir Y Elamin, Daniel R Gomez, Matthew S Ning, Steven H Lin, Zhongxing Liao, Joe Y Chang, Ara A Vaporciyan, John V Heymach, Mara B Antonoff, Saumil J Gandhi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Local consolidative therapy (LCT) for patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer is an evolving treatment strategy, but outcomes following LCT stratified by genetic mutations have not been reported. We sought to identify genomic associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for these patients.

METHODS: We identified all patients presenting between 2000 and 2017 with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer and ≤ 3 synchronous metastatic sites. Patients were grouped according to mutational statuses. Primary outcomes included OS and PFS following initial diagnosis.

RESULTS: Of 194 included patients, 121 received comprehensive LCT to all sites of disease with …

Use Of Serial Smartphone-Based Assessments To Characterize Diverse Neuropsychiatric Symptom Trajectories In A Large Trauma Survivor Cohort, Francesca L Beaudoin, Stacey L House, Deanna M Barch, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The authors sought to characterize adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) symptom trajectories across ten symptom domains (pain, depression, sleep, nightmares, avoidance, re-experiencing, anxiety, hyperarousal, somatic, and mental/fatigue symptoms) in a large, diverse, understudied sample of motor vehicle collision (MVC) survivors. More than two thousand MVC survivors were enrolled in the emergency department (ED) and completed a rotating battery of brief smartphone-based surveys over a 2-month period. Measurement models developed from survey item responses were used in latent growth curve/mixture modeling to characterize homogeneous symptom trajectories. Associations between individual trajectories and pre-trauma and peritraumatic characteristics and traditional outcomes were compared, along …

Predicting The Risk Of A Clinical Event Using Longitudinal Data: The Generalized Landmark Analysis, Yi Yao, Liang Li, Brad Astor, Wei Yang, Tom Greene

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: In the development of prediction models for a clinical event, it is common to use the static prediction modeling (SPM), a regression model that relates baseline predictors to the time to event. In many situations, the data used in training and validation are from longitudinal studies, where predictor variables are time-varying and measured at clinical visits. But these data are not used in SPM. The landmark analysis (LA), previously proposed for dynamic prediction with longitudinal data, has interpretational difficulty when the baseline is not a risk-changing clinical milestone, as is often the case in observational studies of chronic disease …

Nafion Modified Titanium Nitride Ph Sensor For Future Biomedical Applications, Shimrith Paul Shylendra, Magdalena Wajrak, Kamal Alameh, James Jin Kang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

pH sensors are increasingly being utilized in the biomedical field and have been implicated in health applications that aim to improve the monitoring and treatment of patients. In this work, a previously developed Titanium Nitride (TiN) solid-state pH sensor is further enhanced, with the potential to be used for pH regulation inside the human body and for other biomedical, industrial, and environmental applications. One of the main limitations of existing solid-state pH sensors is their reduced performance in high redox mediums. The potential shift E⁰ value of the previously developed TiN pH electrode in the presence of oxidizing or …

Disruption Of The Interaction Between Mutationally Activated Gαq And Gβγ Attenuates Aberrant Signaling, Jenna L Aumiller, Philip B Wedegaertner

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Heterotrimeric G protein stimulation via G protein-coupled receptors promotes downstream proliferative signaling. Mutations can occur in Gα proteins which prevent GTP hydrolysis; this allows the G proteins to signal independently of G protein-coupled receptors and can result in various cancers, such as uveal melanoma (UM). Most UM cases harbor Q209L, Q209P, or R183C mutations in Gαq/11 proteins, rendering the proteins constitutively active (CA). Although it is generally thought that active, GTP-bound Gα subunits are dissociated from and signal independently of Gβγ, accumulating evidence indicates that some CA Gα mutants, such as Gαq/11, retain binding to Gβγ, and this interaction is …