Digital Commons Network^™

Self-Renewing Macrophages In Dorsal Root Ganglia Contribute To Promote Nerve Regeneration, Rui Feng, Vishnu Muraleedharan Saraswathy, Mayssa H Mokalled, Valeria Cavalli

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey sensory information from peripheral tissue to the brain. After peripheral nerve injury, sensory neurons switch to a regenerative state to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. This process is not cell autonomous and requires glial and immune cells. Macrophages in the DRG (DRGMacs) accumulate in response to nerve injury, but their origin and function remain unclear. Here, we mapped the fate and response of DRGMacs to nerve injury using macrophage depletion, fate-mapping, and single-cell transcriptomics. We identified three subtypes of DRGMacs after nerve injury in addition to a small population of …

Antiseizure Medications Prescribing For Behavioural And Psychiatric Concerns In Adults With An Intellectual Disability Living In England, David Branford, James J. Sun, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the second most widely prescribed psychotropic for people with intellectual disabilities in England. Multiple psychotropic prescribing is prevalent in almost half of people with intellectual disabilities on ASMs. This analysis identifies limited evidence of ASM benefit in challenging behaviour management and suggests improvements needed to inform clinical practice.

Barriers To Using Legally Authorized Representatives In Clinical Research With Older Adults, Jessica Mozersky, Erin D Solomon, Kari Baldwin, Matthew Wroblewski, Meredith Parsons, Melody Goodman, James M Dubois

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Older adults are at increased risk of cognitive impairments including Alzheimer's disease dementia. Legally authorized representatives (LARs) can provide informed consent when a participant is no longer able to, but little is known about barriers to incorporating them in research.

OBJECTIVE: Explore reasons for not asking and documenting participant decisions to appoint LARs among researchers conducting clinical intervention trials studying older adults or individuals with cognitive impairments.

METHODS: Mixed method design consisting of a survey (

RESULTS: 37% (

CONCLUSION: Resources and education to increase awareness and knowledge of LARs are needed. Researchers studying older adults should, at minimum, …

Perennial Ryegrass Variety Differences In Nutritive Value Characteristics, T. J. Gilliland, R. E. Agnew, A. M. Fearson, F. E. A. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal grazing performance at grass is predominately determined by herbage intake rates, with high yielding dairy cows requiring up to 20 kg/d DM within a limited grazing time (Gibb, 1998). Grass nutritional factors such as seasonal patterns in digestibility and water-soluble carbohydrate levels have been linked to animal productivity (Davies et al., 1991), while sward surface height, herbage mass, bulk density and green leaf mass have been shown to promote high grazing intake (Barrett et al., 2001). Furthermore, fatty acid profiles have been shown to improve the unsaturated fatty acid composition of milk, with potential human health benefits …

Management Of Pasture Quality For Sheep On New Zealand Hill Country, D. I. Gray, J. I. Reid, P. D. Kemp, I. M. Brookes, D. Horne, P. R. Kenyon, C. Matthew, S. T. Morris, I. Valentine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The control of pasture quality over spring is central to the achievement of high levels of sheep performance on hill country. Despite this, with the exception of the work of Lambert et al. (2000), little is known about how farmers actually manage pasture quality. The purpose of this research was to describe how a high performing hill country farmer manages pasture quality on their sheep area over spring and from this develop a framework that will assist other farmers improve their pasture management.

Production And Plant Density Of Sulla Grazed By Sheep At Three Growth Stages, H. Krishna, P. D. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sulla is one of the few temperate forage legumes that contain enough condensed tannins to improve the efficiency with which livestock use protein (Marshall et al., 1979). However, it usually is productive only for approximately 14 months in New Zealand, and little is known of its response to grazing. This paper reports on the production and persistence of Sulla cv. Necton, when using growth stage as the criterion for time of grazing by sheep in a maritime, temperate environment.

Spring Calving Suckler Beef Systems: Influence Of Grassland Management System On Herbage Availability, Utilisation, Quality And Cow And Calf Performance To Weaning, M. J. Drennan, M. Mcgee, S. Kyne, B. O'Neill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Suckler beef systems in Ireland are primarily based on grass. Suckler systems vary in intensity but many operate low input systems and participate in REPS (Rural Environmental Protection Scheme). As there is a considerable cost associated with second-cut silage this research compared a two-cut system with a simplified low input one-cut system.

The Importance Of Patch Size In Estimating Steady-State Bite Rate In Grazing Cattle, E. D. Ungar, N. Ravid, T. Zada, E. Ben-Moshe, R. Yonatan, S. Brenner, H. Baram, A. Genizi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since the pioneering work of Black and Kenney (1984), various intake studies have been conducted at the spatial scale of a single feeding station ("patch") to elucidate the processes that determine instantaneous intake rate (e.g. Laca et al., 1994). While these are well-suited for patch depletion studies, it is less clear how well they represent non-patchy and relatively homogeneous environments (Ungar & Griffiths, 2002). Clearly, grazing should be restricted to the upper grazing horizon (i.e. layer of bites), but sample duration may be insufficient to characterize steady-state behaviour, especially when grazing commences on an empty mouth. We examined the …

Performance Of Meat Goats Grazing Winter Annual Grasses In The Piedmont Of The Southeastern Usa, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Southeastern United States, meat goats (Capra hircus hircus) are becoming increasingly important contributors to the income of many small producers. Meat goats perform well in grazing situations if grazing management practices match their grazing behavior. Nevertheless, little research data are available from the region specifically directed toward forage feeding programs for goats reared for meat production. Hart et al. (1993) reported that growing Alpine, Angora and Nubian kids grazed on high quality Triticum aestivum forage gained 50 g/d, whereas Kiesling et al. (1994) reported gains ranging from 65 to 141 g/d in growing Angora …

The Effect Of Early And Delayed Spring Grazing On The Milk Production, Grazing Management And Grass Intake Of Dairy Cows, E. Kennedy, M. O'Donovan, J. P. Murphy, L. Delaby, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Earlier access to pasture can increase the overall proportion of grazed grass in the diet of the spring calving dairy cow. Further benefits can also be achieved from early turnout, including improved animal production, increased sward utilisation and enhanced sward quality (O’Donovan et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of initial spring grazing date and stocking rate on the performance of spring calving dairy cows.

Intake Characteristics Of Diploid And Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass Varieties When Grazed By Simmental X Holstein Yearling Heifers Under Rotational Stocking Management, R. J. Orr, J. E. Cook, K. L. Young, R. A. Champion, A. J. Rook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Orr et al. (2003) measured large differences in dry matter (DM) intake rate between 15 intermediate-heading perennial ryegrass varieties when they were continuously stocked with sheep and subsequently explored the extent to which, for 5 of these varieties, these differences could be explained by chemical and morphological traits (Orr et al., 2004a) which could be targeted in grass breeding programmes. Here, four of the 15 varieties, which within ploidy had low or high intake characteristics when grazed by sheep, were rotationally stocked with cattle and intake and sward factors were measured.

Optimising Financial Return From Grazing In Temperate Pastures, P. Dillon, J. R. Roche, L. Shalloo, B. Horan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key Points

1. The increased interest in pasture-based systems of milk production in recent years has been largely generated through lower product prices and rising costs of production.

2. Pasture based systems of milk production decrease unit production costs, through lower feed and labour expenses, and reduced capital investment.

3. Systems utilising grazed pasture will be optimised in regions where pasture production potential is high, variability in seasonal pasture supply and quality is low, manufacturing milk accounts for a large proportion of total production, and where large areas of land are available at relatively low cost.

4. Pasture based systems may allow greater global …

   ---

   Go to article

Challenges And Opportunities For Animal Production From Temperate Pastures, D. A. Clark

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Temperate pastures offer a major opportunity to reduce the feed costs associated with ruminant production.

2. Pastures offer unique opportunities for producing high value components in feedstuffs that are beneficial to human health.

3. The increased use of pasture will not automatically lead to improved environmental outcomes – difficult challenges exist in reducing nitrogen and greenhouse gas pollution.

4. Grazed pasture systems offer advantages in animal welfare, provided management avoids the problems associated with climatic extremes, and the toxins associated with some pastures.

5. To remain competitive with total mixed ration systems, and environmentally acceptable, pastures with higher intake characteristics that allow …

   ---

   Go to article

Decision Support For Temperate Grasslands: Challenges And Pitfalls, J. R. Donnelly, L. Salmon, R. D. H. Cohen, Zl. Liu, Xp. Xin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Successful adoption of decision support tools (DS tools) to address grassland management issues requires careful attention in design to ensure ease-of-use, accuracy in prediction and the flexibility to simulate actual practices.

2. DS tools must handle spatial variability and where possible include facilities for automatic sourcing of essential information for initialisation.

3. Advances in the development of DS tools will depend on resolution of scientific issues in grassland biology including investment in dedicated experiments to determine parameter values for model equations.

4. The use of mechanistic models, the integration of remote sensing technology and cooperation between research groups to develop modular …

   ---

   Go to article

Modelling Of Herbage Intake And Milk Production By Grazing Dairy Cows, Rémy Delagarde, M. O'Donovan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key-points

1. Models predicting intake and performance of grazing ruminants from animal, sward, grazing and supplements characteristics are rare, but they are now included in several decision support systems (DSS).

2. An evaluation of the performance and accuracy of published models are rarely undertaken by their authors, but this is proposed in this paper.

3. There is still a need for experimental research but also for the development of generic and dynamic models to predict intake and performance over a wide range of grazing conditions.

Grass Growth Modelling: To Increase Understanding And Aid Decision Making On-Farm, P. D. Barrett, A. S. Laidlaw

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Crop and grass growth models have been developed over the last 50 years, or so, but general appreciation of their benefits and potential has been recognised only relatively recently. The most popular application of grass growth models has traditionally been for knowledge understanding.

2. There is growing awareness of the potential of models in decision support systems (DSS) applications to aid pasture management and grassland budgeting on dairy farms.

3. Although some models have been developed for DSS, their widespread uptake in industry has been slow; challenges still exist which need to be addressed in order to improve their precision …

   ---

   Go to article

Genetic Characteristics Required In Dairy And Beef Cattle For Temperate Grazing Systems, F. Buckley, C. Holmes, M. G. Keane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Only about 10% of the world’s milk is produced from grazing systems. Consequently the majority of dairy cattle have not been selected under grazing, nor on seasonal systems. This is not true for beef cattle, for which the majority, especially the dams, are managed under seasonal grazing systems.

2. In grazing systems daily feed intake is limited to lower levels than are achievable on concentrate plus conserved forage rations. Consequently, cows most suited to grazing environments are likely to have a lower genetic potential for milk production than cows selected in high concentrate systems, to minimise their relative energy …

   ---

   Go to article

New Insights Into The Nutritional Value Of Grass, D. H. Rearte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. The rumen environment in cattle grazing high quality forage is different to that reported for cattle fed indoors with diets based on processed feedstuffs.
2. Temperate pasture is an excellent source of nutrients for ruminants but a high energy:protein imbalance can occur when it is offered at the stage of optimal digestion.
3. Beef and milk produced on grass in temperate regions have a composition with nutritional advantages over beef or milk produced in indoor systems based on concentrate.
4. Increasing water soluble carbohydrate content of grasses would diminish environmental contamination by reducing the excretion of urea through the urine.
5. Increasing …

Plant And Sward Characteristics To Achieve High Intake In Ruminants, W. J. Wales, C. R. Stockdale, P. T. Doyle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Intake is affected by complex interactions between signals from the digestive tract, intermediary metabolism and energy supply, and behavioural signals associated with learned behaviours or sensory signals.
2. The ideal sward needs to have characteristics that are similar to total mixed rations to achieve high intake and animal performance.
3. Genetic manipulation of plants may offer an accelerated rate of plant improvement, but benefits need to be demonstrated in a systems context.

Overview Of Animal Production From Pastures In Ireland, M. J. Drennan, A. F. Carson, S. Crosse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

The importance of grassland to agriculture in Ireland is indicated by the fact that:

1. Sixty percent of agricultural output is from grassland as cattle, milk and sheep products.
2. Over 90% of the total farmed area is in grass.
3. Livestock are almost entirely dependent on grazed grass for 200 to 235 days of the year.
4. Grass conserved as silage is the main source of fodder in winter.
5. To improve competitiveness changes are continuously taking place, which include:

• increased suckler herd size and a movement to late maturing continental cattle breeds;
• movement in the dairy herd towards Holstein with increased …

Paternal Ages And Genetic Diseases And Congenital Anomalies, Neda Hamood

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

he purpose of this research is to investigate the link between Advanced Paternal Ages (APA) (i.e., APA ≥ 35 years and APA ≥ 50 years) and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies. Currently, the relationship between both APA and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies remains unclear. There is room for improvement, however, to investigate systematically the relationship between specific congenital anomalies in newborns and APA. More recently, the link between APA (as opposed to existing studies analyzing Advanced Maternal Age alone) and genetic diseases has been recognized by researchers, epidemiologists, and various health experts. Thus, this study serves to examine the …

The Rider (2023-02-13), Verilu Infante

The Rider Archives

Vol.8 No.19

Uab's Cheon Receives Grant To Improve Dental Materials, Anna Jones

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Harnessing Transcriptionally Driven Chromosomal Instability Adaptation To Target Therapy-Refractory Lethal Prostate Cancer., Brittiny Dhital, Sandra Santasusagna, Perumalraja Kirthika, Michael Xu, Peiyao Li, Marc Carceles-Cordon, Rajesh K. Soni, Zhuoning Li, Ronald C. Hendrickson, Matthew J. Schiewer, William K. Kelly, Cora N. Sternberg, Jun Luo, Amaia Lujambio, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Monica Alvarez-Fernandez, Marcos Malumbres, Haojie Huang, Adam Ertel, Josep Domingo-Domenech, Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo

Kimmel Cancer Center Papers, Presentations, and Grand Rounds

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) inevitably acquires resistance to standard therapy preceding lethality. Here, we unveil a chromosomal instability (CIN) tolerance mechanism as a therapeutic vulnerability of therapy-refractory lethal PCa. Through genomic and transcriptomic analysis of patient datasets, we find that castration and chemotherapy-resistant tumors display the highest CIN and mitotic kinase levels. Functional genomics screening coupled with quantitative phosphoproteomics identify MASTL kinase as a survival vulnerability specific of chemotherapy-resistant PCa cells. Mechanistically, MASTL upregulation is driven by transcriptional rewiring mechanisms involving the non-canonical transcription factors androgen receptor splice variant 7 and E2F7 in a circuitry that restrains deleterious CIN and …

Disentangling The Cost Of Orphan Drugs Marketed In The United States, Hana Althobaiti, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Lawrence B. Brown, Marc L. Fleming, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The increasing number and high prices of orphan drugs have triggered concern among patients, payers, and policymakers about the affordability of new drugs approved using the incentives set by the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983. This study evaluated the factors associated to the differences in the treatment cost of new orphan and non-orphan drugs approved by the FDA from 2017 to 2021. A generalized linear model (GLM) with the Gamma log-link analysis was used to ascertain the association of drug characteristics with the treatment costs of orphan and non-orphan drugs. The results of the study showed that the median …

Enhanced Phase Sensitivity In A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Via Photon Recycling, Dong Li, Chun Hua Yuan, Xiaoping Ma, Qingle Wang, Hwang Lee, Yao Yao, Weiping Zhang

Faculty Publications

We propose an alternative scheme for phase estimation in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with photon recycling. It is demonstrated that with the same coherent-state input and homodyne detection, our proposal possesses a phase sensitivity beyond the traditional MZI. For instance, it can achieve an enhancement factor of ∼9.32 in the phase sensitivity compared with the conventional scheme even with a photon loss of 10% on the photon-recycled arm. From another point of view, the quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) is also investigated. It is found that our scheme is able to achieve a lower QCRB than the traditional one. Intriguingly, the …

Faculty Senate Agenda And Minutes, February 13, 2023

Faculty Senate Minutes and Agendas

Agenda and minutes from the Wright State University Faculty Senate Meeting held on February 13, 2023

Survival Improvement For Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Over Twenty Years, Fadl A Zeineddine, Mohammad A Zeineddine, Abdelrahman Yousef, Yue Gu, Saikat Chowdhury, Arvind Dasari, Ryan W Huey, Benny Johnson, Bryan Kee, Michael S Lee, Maria Pia Morelli, Van K Morris, Michael J Overman, Christine Parseghian, Kanwal Raghav, Jason Willis, Robert A Wolff, Yoshikuni Kawaguchi, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Ryan Sun, Scott Kopetz, John Paul Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Over the past two decades of successive clinical trials in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), the median overall survival of both control and experimental arms has steadily improved. However, the incremental change in survival for metastatic CRC patients not treated on trial has not yet been quantified. We performed a retrospective review of 1420 patients with de novo metastatic CRC who received their primary treatment at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) from 2004 through 2019. Median OS was roughly stable for patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 (22.6 months) but since has steadily improved for those diagnosed …

Dysregulation Of Mir-155 Expression In Professional Mixed Martial Arts (Mma) Fighters, Dominick Cabrera, Kayla Thompson, Julius D. Thomas, Corey Peacock, Jose Antonio, Jaime Tartar, Aurelien Tartar

Biology Faculty Articles

Psychological and physical stress can induce dysregulation of gene expression via changes in DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression. Such epigenetic modifications are yet to be investigated in professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters subject to highly stressful training involving repetitive head impacts. This study examined differences in DNA methylation and miRNA expression in elite MMA fighters compared to active controls. Global methylation differences between groups were assessed via a LINE-1 assay. At the same time, PCR arrays were used to estimate differential expression in samples of 21 fighters and 15 controls for 192 different miRNAs associated with inflammatory diseases. …

A Diagnostic Framework For Reengineering Soil: Potential Strategies To Manage Combinations Of Soil Constraints For Sands And Texture Contrast Soils, Gaus Azam, Stephen Davies

Natural resources published reports

This report is an output of project DAW1902-003RTX ‘Reengineering soils to improve the access of crop root systems to water and nutrients stored in the subsoil’, supported by a co-investment between the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC).

Key messages:

• Existing soil amelioration options can generate substantial yield responses. However, further yield gain is possible with further improvement in soil amelioration strategies.

• Mapping of soil constraints and potential yield gaps using the water use efficiency achieved from a pilot reengineering experiment has identified a significant yield gap attributed …